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Primary Maternal Preoccupation: Disturbance in Pregnancy and the Postpartum 母亲的首要关注:怀孕和产后的干扰
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2090826
C. Mallouh
A mother in the throes of extreme postpartum depression and anxiety cried out to me, “I feel like I am dying.” Winnicott’s annihilation anxiety came to mind, and I realized how much she was feeling like an infant who was experiencing a threat to its personal existence. She was overwhelmed by the impingements of her emotional states and the needs of the baby, and needed from me, a direct and consistent responsiveness to her terror and distress. It was only much later that she told me that she had slept with the window open in her bedroom hoping to be kidnapped as she wanted to get away from what felt like an unbearable situation with the baby. Another mother with postpartum depression later described how she felt traumatized by her infant and that in her sleepless nights, she felt that she was in a long, sustained nightmare. Caring for him felt like a struggle, something she wanted to do, but felt it was just too much. Pregnancy and the postpartum period can be times of significant emotional upheaval and disturbance, particularly when women are in severe depressive and anxious states, states that often reverberate with early losses and deprivations. Both Winnicott and Bion think about the period of early infancy, with an interest in the mother’s states primarily from the perspective of the infant’s experience, the developing mind and sense of self. They both went on to build important aspects of their theory from this period of mother and infant.
一位饱受产后极度抑郁和焦虑折磨的母亲向我喊道:“我觉得自己快死了。”温尼科特的湮灭焦虑浮现在我的脑海里,我意识到她感觉自己多么像一个婴儿,正经历着对其个人存在的威胁。她被自己情绪状态的冲击和孩子的需要压垮了,她需要我对她的恐惧和痛苦做出直接而持续的回应。直到很久以后,她才告诉我,她睡觉时开着卧室的窗户,希望自己被绑架,因为她想摆脱那种带着孩子无法忍受的局面。另一位患有产后抑郁症的母亲后来描述了她对婴儿的创伤,在她失眠的夜晚,她觉得自己陷入了一场旷日持久的噩梦。照顾他感觉像是一场斗争,是她想做的事,但又觉得负担太重了。怀孕和产后可能是情绪剧烈动荡和不安的时期,特别是当妇女处于严重抑郁和焦虑状态时,这种状态往往伴随着早期的损失和剥夺。温尼科特和比昂都从婴儿的经历、发展中的思想和自我意识的角度出发,对母亲的状态感兴趣,思考婴儿早期的时期。他们都从母亲和婴儿的这一时期开始建立了他们理论的重要方面。
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引用次数: 1
Association of Attachment and Reflective Function with Baseline Symptoms in Child and Adolescent Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 儿童和青少年心理动力治疗中依恋和反射功能与基线症状的关系
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2090212
F. Schmidt, Guilherme Pacheco Fiorini, A. A. da Costa, Eduardo Brusius Brenner, Lucca Zini Bittencourt, V. R. R. Ramires
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to verify the associations between symptoms reported at baseline, attachment style and reflective function (RF) in children and adolescents. For this, we conducted a cross-sectional and naturalistic study, including 90 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 17 years old (M = 13.04, SD = 2.72). Instruments were a demographic form, the Child Behavior Checklist, the Friends and Family Interview and the Reflective Function Questionnaire for Youths. From our findings, internalizing symptoms were reported in 74.4% of the cases, and externalizing symptoms in 55.6%. Concerning the attachment styles, 46.7% of the cases were classified as insecure-dismissing, 38.9% as insecure-preoccupied, 10% as secure and 4.4% as disorganized. Participants’ scores for RF were low. We found associations between attachment styles and anxiety, depression and withdrawal symptoms. We found significant differences between the insecure-dismissing style and the insecure-preoccupied and disorganized styles groups regarding anxiety and depression symptoms. The secure attachment style group showed significant differences in withdrawal symptoms when compared to insecure attachment style groups. Further studies exploring associations between attachment styles, RF and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, could contribute to the evaluation and planning of psychotherapies processes with this population.
本研究旨在验证儿童和青少年在基线时报告的症状、依恋类型和反射功能(RF)之间的关联。为此,我们对90名9 - 17岁的儿童和青少年进行了横断面自然研究(M = 13.04, SD = 2.72)。工具是人口统计表格、儿童行为检查表、朋友和家人访谈和青少年反思功能问卷。从我们的研究结果来看,74.4%的病例报告了内化症状,55.6%的病例报告了外化症状。在依恋类型中,46.7%的依恋类型为不安全型,38.9%为不安全型,10%为安全型,4.4%为无组织型。参与者的RF得分很低。我们发现了依恋类型与焦虑、抑郁和戒断症状之间的联系。我们发现,在焦虑和抑郁症状方面,不安全回避型与不安全专注型和无组织型之间存在显著差异。与不安全依恋类型组相比,安全依恋类型组在戒断症状方面表现出显著差异。进一步研究依恋类型、RF与儿童和青少年精神病理之间的关系,有助于对这一人群的心理治疗过程进行评估和规划。
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引用次数: 0
Pregnancy Loss and the Grieving Process. What Women and Their Partners Share 流产和悲伤的过程。女人和她们的伴侣分享什么
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2090213
Mercedes Becerra Gordo
ABSTRACT The termination of pregnancy, whether spontaneous or voluntary, involves an intense emotional impact on both the woman and her partner which alters their emotional world. The high percentage of women who suffer a perinatal loss, and the emotional repercussions it entails in both the short and long term, make it necessary to rethink the work of the specialties which attend the perinatal population (psychology, pediatrics, gynecology, obstetrics, psychiatry …) to acknowledge the importance of a frequent yet particularly silenced grieving process. In this article focus will be placed on the perinatal losses which occur during gestation, a mourning process which ebbs and flows, which has its own symptomatology and one which also requires its own bespoke attention, training, and therapeutic listening. From reflection and clinical practice, relevant aspects which occur during this therapeutic process will be addressed. This professional accompaniment, which is necessary yet scarce, aims to enable the woman and her partner to sufficiently work through their grief, alleviate the current symptomatology and, in the case of a subsequent pregnancy, reduce the risk of emotional imbalance in the mother, her partner and the future baby, which can lead to perinatal depression in the parents or emotional development problems in the baby.
终止妊娠,无论是自发的还是自愿的,都会对妇女和她的伴侣产生强烈的情感影响,从而改变他们的情感世界。遭受围产期损失的妇女比例很高,以及它在短期和长期内所带来的情感影响,使得有必要重新考虑照顾围产期人口的专业(心理学、儿科、妇科、产科、精神病学……)的工作,以承认一个频繁但特别沉默的悲伤过程的重要性。在这篇文章的重点将放在围产期损失,发生在妊娠期间,一个哀悼的过程,起起落落,它有自己的症状,一个也需要自己的定制的关注,培训和治疗性倾听。本文将从反思和临床实践的角度,阐述在治疗过程中出现的相关问题。这种专业的陪伴是必要的,但很少,其目的是使妇女及其伴侣能够充分地克服悲伤,减轻目前的症状,并在随后怀孕的情况下,减少母亲、伴侣和未来婴儿情绪不平衡的风险,这种情绪不平衡可能导致父母的围产期抑郁或婴儿的情绪发育问题。
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引用次数: 0
Fighting the School to Prison Pipeline One Child at A Time: A Clinical Tale of Race and Advocacy 抗争从学校到监狱的管道,一次一个孩子:种族和倡导的临床故事
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2050344
Warren Spielberg
ABSTRACT This article recounts my treatment of David, an African American child of 12 who faced suspension and removal from his school in a wealthy, mostly all-white school district in the suburbs. During the treatment, David was primarily silent. The paper discusses his silence from two perspectives: (1) his need to protect and support his emerging self from the fear of abuse and (2) from the racism he experienced in his school district and from White people in general. I discuss how I worked with his silence and how our work reflected several racial enactments. The resolution of which furthered our relationship and his treatment. In this vein, I illuminate some of the ingredients of successful Cross-Racial work. I move onto a broader discussion of African-American children’s racialized school experience as they and their teachers struggle to mentalize each other constructively.
这篇文章讲述了我对大卫的治疗,大卫是一个12岁的非洲裔美国孩子,他在郊区一个富裕的、几乎全是白人的学区面临停学和退学。在治疗期间,大卫基本上保持沉默。本文从两个角度讨论了他的沉默:(1)他需要保护和支持他的自我,以摆脱对虐待的恐惧;(2)他在学区和一般白人中经历的种族主义。我讨论了我如何在他的沉默中工作,以及我们的工作如何反映了几个种族法规。这一决议促进了我们的关系和对他的治疗。本着这种思路,我将阐述成功跨种族作品的一些要素。我开始更广泛地讨论非裔美国儿童的种族化学校经历,因为他们和他们的老师都在努力建设性地认识彼此。
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引用次数: 1
Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Psychosocial Dimensions of Adversity among Black Youth 黑人青年逆境心理社会维度的精神分析视角
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2069452
C. Adams
ABSTRACT This article offers an exploration of the psychological impact of race-driven adversities on Black youth. Sociological data and psychoanalytic perspectives are outlined to contextualize the often less-than-good-enough outcomes for Black youth across all developmental domains. Emphasis is placed on understanding the intrapsychic processes observed in response to race-driven adversities and the therapeutic challenges to addressing the conflicts and compromises.
摘要本文探讨了种族逆境对黑人青年的心理影响。本文概述了社会学数据和精神分析的观点,将黑人青年在所有发展领域的往往不够好的结果置于背景下。重点放在理解在应对种族驱动的逆境中观察到的心理内部过程,以及解决冲突和妥协的治疗挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Being a Foster Child: The Tenacity of Reparative Illusion and Witnessing Parental Loss 作为一个寄养儿童:修复幻觉的坚韧和目睹父母的失去
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2067976
J. Kaufmann
ABSTRACT This discussion of David Price’s paper focuses on the tenacity of reparative illusion and the significance of witnessing parental loss. In recent years the witnessing concept has come into prominence in considering people who have suffered through major historical trauma, such as the genocide that occurs in war-torn areas. The author argues that some of the most despicable and destructive horrors occur in everyday, domestic life, plain for everyone to see, yet somehow impossible for people to see. The traumatic experience of many foster children is difficult to hear, yet must be witnessed to help them heal and mourn. It’s important for the clinician to hear, hold and contain all that the foster care survivor has endured. As clinicians, we need to recognize how difficult it is to relinquish the fantasy of the caring, nurturing mother who returns.
摘要:本文主要讨论了修复性错觉的韧性以及目睹父母失去的意义。近年来,在考虑遭受重大历史创伤的人,例如在饱受战争蹂躏的地区发生的种族灭绝时,见证的概念变得突出起来。作者认为,一些最卑鄙、最具破坏性的恐怖事件发生在日常家庭生活中,每个人都显而易见,但人们却不可能看到。许多寄养儿童的创伤经历很难听到,但必须亲眼目睹,以帮助他们愈合和哀悼。对临床医生来说,倾听、把握和包容寄养幸存者所经历的一切是很重要的。作为临床医生,我们需要认识到,要放弃对母亲归来的关爱和养育的幻想是多么困难。
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引用次数: 1
Cultural, Racial and Structural Adversities in Childhood and Adolescence: Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Development and Treatment 儿童和青少年的文化、种族和结构逆境:发展和治疗的精神分析观点
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2075668
S. Warshaw, Martha Bragin, Kirkland C. Vaughans
In this current highly polarized environment, in a world filled with violence and war, escalating racial and religious intolerance, we devote this special anniversary issue to furthering our understanding of the impact of societally generated adversities on the lives of our children and youth. In keeping with the mission of the journal, we explore the impact on development and seek to enhance our clinical understanding of those whose lives are negatively affected by growing up as “other.” Our hope is that this rich trove of articles will enhance appreciation of cultural differences, social trauma and also increase awareness of sources of resilience, found in family, community and the therapeutic process. We hope our readers will learn, as we did, by reading these wonderful contributions, thereby increasing our efficacy as clinicians bringing a psychoanalytic perspective to working with our children and youth. We listen to many voices in this issue, authors from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds who have much to say about the impact of growing up in racially stigmatizing cultures, the legacy of slavery and colonialism and their continuing negative impact on self-development of children of color. Our first two authors specifically consider the profound impact of these legacies, bringing with them marginalization, racial hatred and all of those aspects of inequity that were laid bare during the pandemic of the past two years (Adams, 2022; Padron, 2022). Each uses a psychoanalytic lens to consider the impact on development and treatment, defying the cultural tendency to focus solely on symptom management. Next we are treated to a scholarly exploration of how a series of mothering practices, which originated in West Africa centuries ago, created a style of parenting that the author indicates supported survival and resilience of enslaved people through extending caregiving responsibilities to the community at large (Bryant, 2022). The consistent nurturing, responsiveness, and attunement to the needs of their infants and children which such extended caregiving provides, is seen to this day in the intergenerationally transmitted family patterns of African Americans, and needs to be recognized, along with a linkage between culture and spirituality, as a source of resilience and resistance. Continuing to discuss aspects of cultural difference, and their differential impact on personality development, our next author (Kanwal, 2022) considers the devastating assault on a continuity of self, experienced by teens who are torn between family cultures which are collectivist and the values of the individualistic American culture in which they wish to be included. He presents significant theoretical and clinical considerations as he describes the identity struggles of adolescents who are navigating
在当前这个高度两极化的环境中,在一个充满暴力和战争、种族和宗教不容忍现象不断升级的世界中,我们将这期周年特刊用于进一步了解社会造成的逆境对我们儿童和青年生活的影响。为了与杂志的使命保持一致,我们探索对发展的影响,并寻求加强我们对那些生活受到“他者”成长负面影响的人的临床理解。我们希望这些丰富的文章能提高人们对文化差异、社会创伤的认识,并提高人们对家庭、社区和治疗过程中复原力来源的认识。我们希望我们的读者能像我们一样,通过阅读这些精彩的文章来学习,从而提高我们作为临床医生的效力,将精神分析的视角带到我们的儿童和青少年身上。我们在本期中听到了许多声音,来自不同文化和种族背景的作者们对在种族污名化的文化中成长的影响、奴隶制和殖民主义的遗产以及它们对有色人种儿童自我发展的持续负面影响发表了很多看法。我们的前两位作者特别考虑了这些遗产的深远影响,带来了边缘化、种族仇恨和过去两年大流行期间暴露出来的所有不平等方面(Adams, 2022;Padron, 2022)。每个人都使用精神分析的视角来考虑对发展和治疗的影响,而不是仅仅关注症状管理的文化倾向。接下来,我们将进行学术探索,探讨几个世纪前起源于西非的一系列育儿实践如何创造出一种育儿风格,作者指出,通过将照顾责任扩展到整个社区,这种风格支持了被奴役者的生存和恢复力(Bryant, 2022)。这种长期的照顾所提供的对婴儿和儿童需求的持续的养育、回应和协调,直到今天仍在非裔美国人的代际传播的家庭模式中被看到,需要被认识到,以及文化和精神之间的联系,作为韧性和抵抗力的来源。继续讨论文化差异的各个方面,以及它们对个性发展的不同影响,我们的下一位作者(Kanwal, 2022)考虑了对自我连续性的毁灭性攻击,青少年在集体主义的家庭文化和他们希望被包括在内的个人主义美国文化的价值观之间挣扎。他提出了重要的理论和临床考虑,因为他描述了身份斗争的青少年谁是导航
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引用次数: 0
Other Lullabies: Attacks on Blackness, Confusion of Tongues, and the Loss of Play 其他摇篮曲:攻击黑暗,语言混乱,失去游戏
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2066866
C. Padrón
ABSTRACT Through a close reading of an anonymous lullaby from Latin America, the paper argues how colonial legacies and systemic racism, in the context of the structure of whiteness and the Covid pandemic, have had a nefarious impact on the material, symbolic, and psychic life of poor and working-class children and adolescents of color. The paper places a focus on Black kids. Left outside the symbolic, material, and legal order, these individuals suffer systemic attacks against their body and mind. This fact, in tandem with the devastating realities of the pandemic, have produced what the author calls an experience of “the end of the world.” Three main consequences of all these configurations are discussed: (1) failed identifications with whiteness; (2) loss of play; and (3) “confusion of tongues.” The need for new social lullabies, ones that invigorate our social capacity to dream the (colonial) state of affairs as being otherwise and that create communal solidarity, is proposed.
通过仔细阅读一首来自拉丁美洲的无名摇篮曲,本文论述了在白人结构和新冠疫情的背景下,殖民遗产和系统性种族主义如何对贫困和工人阶级有色人种儿童和青少年的物质、象征和精神生活产生了恶劣影响。这份报纸把重点放在了黑人孩子身上。这些人被排除在象征、物质和法律秩序之外,他们的身体和精神遭受了系统性的攻击。这一事实,再加上疫情带来的毁灭性现实,产生了作者所说的“世界末日”体验。讨论了所有这些配置的三个主要后果:(1)白度识别失败;(2)失去游戏;(3)“说方言”。有人提出,需要新的社会摇篮曲,这些摇篮曲可以激发我们的社会能力,让我们梦想(殖民)事务的状态不是这样,并创造社区团结。
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引用次数: 1
Honoring the Anniversary of the Twenty First Volume of the Journal of Infant, Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy: Dedicated to Our Founding Editor, Kirkland C. Vaughans 纪念婴儿,儿童和青少年心理治疗杂志第21卷的周年纪念:献给我们的创始编辑,Kirkland C. Vaughans
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2075667
S. Warshaw
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引用次数: 0
Standing at the Water’s Edge: Manymothers in African American Culture 站在水边:非裔美国人文化中的许多母亲
Q3 Psychology Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2066916
Valerie Bryant
ABSTRACT This paper aims to initiate a discourse that connects allomothers, endemic to African culture, with collective manymothering attachments from a psychoanalytic perspective. This paper illuminates the process by which, beginning with West Africa, Black mothers adapted and carried the process of mothering with them to provide consistent nurturing, responsiveness, and attunement to their infants’ and children’s needs. This process of extending caregiving responsibilities to the community at large, which I have labeled manymothering, has created generations of resistance and resilience that have supported Black people to the present. The psychoanalytic lens of othermothers serves as an adaptive familial structure that has been sustained through intergenerational resilient transmission. The linkage between culture and spirituality as a means of ameliorating trauma and promoting resilience was examined.
摘要本文旨在从精神分析的角度出发,将非洲文化特有的异己者与集体多母依恋联系起来。本文阐明了从西非开始的过程,黑人母亲适应并携带了母亲的过程,为婴儿和儿童的需求提供一致的养育,反应和协调。这种将照顾责任扩展到整个社区的过程,我称之为“许多母亲”,创造了几代人的抵抗力和适应力,一直支持着黑人到现在。其他母亲的精神分析镜头作为一种适应性的家庭结构,通过代际弹性传递得以维持。文化和精神之间的联系,作为一种手段,改善创伤和促进弹性进行了检查。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy
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