Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2050657
Kirkland C. Vaughans
It is with great pride, excitement, anticipation, and humility that I, as founding editor, in joint effort with the executive board, launch our Journal in this millennium year. The brainchild of developing a new, psychodynamically based child journal seems to fly in the face of conventional wisdom, when the psychodynamic perspective itself is under such vicious attack from so many different quarters. This is compounded by the fact that most practitioners are under pressure from third-party regulators to focus only on target-symptom reduction. These and other antagonistic forces have the effect of fomenting suspicion about the therapeutic utility of psychodynamically based treatments, as well as casting a persecuting shadow on those who continue to practice it. We have undertaken a labor of three years to bring this Journal into being because of our steadfast belief that the psychoanalytically informed orientation is of significant value to practicing clinicians and their patients. Since the first child psychoanalyst, Hermine Hug-Hellmuth, published her initial clinical paper in 1912 (Maclean and Rappen 1991), child psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically informed psychotherapy of the child have developed as a subspecialty of psychoanalysis, requiring their own separate training standards. Currently, however, there is a critical lack of psychodynamically informed child therapy journals (Seligman 1997). The primary mission of the Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy is to fill this void. JICAP was conceived and designed with several objectives in mind. The first was to develop a psychodynamically based forum for the exploration and cross-fertilization of clinical theory and practice. Through this study (examination?) of divergent views, the Journal would serve as a means of enhancing the clinical practice of infant, child, and adolescent psychotherapy. To accomplish this task, we took note of Mitchell’s (1991) characterization of our present communication status as “ironic,” because, despite their status as Western culture’s most “highly trained and refined communicators . . . psychoanalysts have enormous difficulty listening and speaking meaningfully to each other” (p. 1). It is my contention that Mitchell’s observation is immediately applicable to the general field of psychotherapy, regardless of the analyst’s theoretical orientation. If analysts do not speak meaningfully to each other, then the question remains: How do they converse? What are the ground rules for listening —the basis for the professional “psychoanalytic frame”? (Langs 1977, p. 42). The ground rules for analysts and psychotherapists with different theoretical orientations seem to be a social etiquette of either polite tolerance or a polite avoidance of one another. (Sklar 2000). This standard seems to fly in the face of Adams’ (1996) characterization of psychoanalysis as not only a talking cure but also a “listening cure” (p. 1). Langs would contend that in order
我怀着极大的骄傲、兴奋、期待和谦卑，作为创刊编辑，与执行委员会共同努力，在千禧年创办《华尔街日报》。当心理动力学观点本身受到如此多不同方面的恶毒攻击时，开发一种新的、基于心理动力学的儿童期刊的想法似乎与传统智慧背道而驰。大多数从业者受到第三方监管机构的压力，只关注减少目标症状，这一事实使情况更加复杂。这些和其他对抗力量的作用是煽动对基于心理动力学的治疗效用的怀疑，并对那些继续实践它的人投下迫害的阴影。我们花了三年的时间才创办了这本杂志，因为我们坚定地相信，精神分析的信息导向对临床医生和他们的病人都有重要的价值。自从第一位儿童精神分析学家Hermine Hug-Hellmuth在1912年发表了她的第一篇临床论文(Maclean and Rappen 1991)以来，儿童精神分析和以精神分析为基础的儿童心理治疗已经发展成为精神分析的一个亚专业，需要他们自己独立的培训标准。然而，目前严重缺乏心理动力学方面的儿童治疗期刊(Seligman 1997)。《婴儿、儿童和青少年心理治疗杂志》的主要任务就是填补这一空白。JICAP的构思和设计考虑了几个目标。首先是建立一个以心理动力学为基础的论坛，用于临床理论和实践的探索和交流。通过对不同观点的研究(检查?)，该杂志将成为加强婴儿、儿童和青少年心理治疗临床实践的一种手段。为了完成这一任务，我们注意到米切尔(1991)将我们目前的交流状态描述为“讽刺”，因为，尽管他们是西方文化中最“训练有素、最优雅的传播者……”精神分析学家在倾听和有意义地相互交谈方面存在巨大的困难”(第1页)。我的论点是，米切尔的观察可以立即适用于心理治疗的一般领域，而不管分析师的理论取向如何。如果分析师之间不能进行有意义的交流，那么问题仍然存在:他们是如何交流的?倾听的基本规则是什么——专业“精神分析框架”的基础?(Langs 1977，第42页)。具有不同理论取向的分析师和心理治疗师的基本规则似乎是一种社交礼仪，要么礼貌地容忍，要么礼貌地回避对方。(Sklar 2000)。这一标准似乎与亚当斯(1996)将精神分析定性为不仅是一种谈话治疗，而且是一种“倾听治疗”(第1页)的观点背道而驰。朗斯认为，为了有效地倾听，一个人必须理解精神分析话语的框架。这种对我们基本规则的反思可能会描绘出一种非此即彼的姿态，这种姿态经常将我们的工作框定在对立的立场上。《日刊》是一个重新制定和扩大框架的论坛，以便能够进行更具建设性和创造性的对话。其目的并不是单纯地希望消除理论上的差异，好像这种错误的共性或知识的统一会有任何有用的目的。Murray(1970)提供了一个观点，抓住了我们希望通过这一立场提供的东西:“一致意见很少止步于一个简单的是或否。一个一致的“是”，也就是说，不仅是对另一组“是”的反对，而且可能是对《婴儿、儿童和青少年心理治疗杂志》(JOURNAL of INFANT, CHILD, AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOTHERAPY, 2022, VOL. 21, no .)的修改或改编。1,3 - 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2022.2050657
{"title":"Editor’s Introduction","authors":"Kirkland C. Vaughans","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2022.2050657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2022.2050657","url":null,"abstract":"It is with great pride, excitement, anticipation, and humility that I, as founding editor, in joint effort with the executive board, launch our Journal in this millennium year. The brainchild of developing a new, psychodynamically based child journal seems to fly in the face of conventional wisdom, when the psychodynamic perspective itself is under such vicious attack from so many different quarters. This is compounded by the fact that most practitioners are under pressure from third-party regulators to focus only on target-symptom reduction. These and other antagonistic forces have the effect of fomenting suspicion about the therapeutic utility of psychodynamically based treatments, as well as casting a persecuting shadow on those who continue to practice it. We have undertaken a labor of three years to bring this Journal into being because of our steadfast belief that the psychoanalytically informed orientation is of significant value to practicing clinicians and their patients. Since the first child psychoanalyst, Hermine Hug-Hellmuth, published her initial clinical paper in 1912 (Maclean and Rappen 1991), child psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically informed psychotherapy of the child have developed as a subspecialty of psychoanalysis, requiring their own separate training standards. Currently, however, there is a critical lack of psychodynamically informed child therapy journals (Seligman 1997). The primary mission of the Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy is to fill this void. JICAP was conceived and designed with several objectives in mind. The first was to develop a psychodynamically based forum for the exploration and cross-fertilization of clinical theory and practice. Through this study (examination?) of divergent views, the Journal would serve as a means of enhancing the clinical practice of infant, child, and adolescent psychotherapy. To accomplish this task, we took note of Mitchell’s (1991) characterization of our present communication status as “ironic,” because, despite their status as Western culture’s most “highly trained and refined communicators . . . psychoanalysts have enormous difficulty listening and speaking meaningfully to each other” (p. 1). It is my contention that Mitchell’s observation is immediately applicable to the general field of psychotherapy, regardless of the analyst’s theoretical orientation. If analysts do not speak meaningfully to each other, then the question remains: How do they converse? What are the ground rules for listening —the basis for the professional “psychoanalytic frame”? (Langs 1977, p. 42). The ground rules for analysts and psychotherapists with different theoretical orientations seem to be a social etiquette of either polite tolerance or a polite avoidance of one another. (Sklar 2000). This standard seems to fly in the face of Adams’ (1996) characterization of psychoanalysis as not only a talking cure but also a “listening cure” (p. 1). Langs would contend that in order ","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"44 1","pages":"3 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81433694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2051968
S. Warshaw
{"title":"A Few Thoughts as We Celebrate Our 21st Volume of JICAP","authors":"S. Warshaw","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2022.2051968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2022.2051968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91038176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2022.2043058
S. Tuber, Rebeca Honorato da Costa, Joan Eidman, Helen Feldman, Oded Hadar, Navkirandeep Kaur, Paula Zanotti, Talia Schulder, Karen Tocatly
ABSTRACT It’s been just over 2 years now since the spread of the COVID-19 virus began in the United States, a time period extensive enough to already be an inflection point in our history, yet recent enough to make it extremely difficult to speak to its impact psychologically – both now and going forward. This is especially true for young children, whose lives are always so influenced by developmental changes over time, that to believe we can fully grasp the consequences for their subsequent growth post-COVID is presumptuous at best, if not downright foolhardy. In this paper, we therefore have a far more modest aim: We’d like to reflect on what it has been like phenomenologically for beginning child therapists to see their very first cases remotely. This paper will therefore review the dialectical aspects of advantages and disadvantages to remote work and provide glimpses into several of these early treatments that depict these plusses and minuses. Because we find fault with the pejorative aspects of the term “remote,” we offer the term “tele-play therapy” as an alternative.
{"title":"Dialectical Reflections on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Tele-Play Therapy","authors":"S. Tuber, Rebeca Honorato da Costa, Joan Eidman, Helen Feldman, Oded Hadar, Navkirandeep Kaur, Paula Zanotti, Talia Schulder, Karen Tocatly","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2022.2043058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2022.2043058","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It’s been just over 2 years now since the spread of the COVID-19 virus began in the United States, a time period extensive enough to already be an inflection point in our history, yet recent enough to make it extremely difficult to speak to its impact psychologically – both now and going forward. This is especially true for young children, whose lives are always so influenced by developmental changes over time, that to believe we can fully grasp the consequences for their subsequent growth post-COVID is presumptuous at best, if not downright foolhardy. In this paper, we therefore have a far more modest aim: We’d like to reflect on what it has been like phenomenologically for beginning child therapists to see their very first cases remotely. This paper will therefore review the dialectical aspects of advantages and disadvantages to remote work and provide glimpses into several of these early treatments that depict these plusses and minuses. Because we find fault with the pejorative aspects of the term “remote,” we offer the term “tele-play therapy” as an alternative.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"33 1","pages":"19 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76315346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2021.2000255
A. Bergman
ABSTRACT This issue of Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy (JICAP) introduces the final papers of students who completed the Parent-Infant Program, most of them in spring 2012. These papers are final in the sense that each student explores and remarks on the work they did in the Parent-Infant Program; however, these papers also represent the beginning of the students’ work with mothers and babies. What follows are my words to the class of 2012 on the occasion of their graduation ceremony.
本期《婴幼儿心理治疗杂志》(Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, JICAP)介绍了完成亲子项目的学生的期末论文，其中大部分是在2012年春季完成的。这些论文是最终的，因为每个学生都在探索和评论他们在亲子计划中所做的工作;然而，这些论文也代表了学生们研究母亲和婴儿的开始。以下是我在2012届毕业生毕业典礼上对他们说的话。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2021.1995690
R. Newton
ABSTRACT Clinicians are often challenged by the complexity involved in early childhood infant/parent dyadic assessments and interventions. Working within a right hemisphere developmental period requires clinicians to have a good enough natural relational style that moves easily between the nonverbal implicit worlds of the infant and parent while attending to the parent’s verbal narrative. The author suggests using an evidence informed neurobiological scaffold called Integrative Regulation Therapy (iRT) with evidence based Infant Parent Psychotherapy (IPP) and introduces an iRT assessment that creates a Probable Map of the parent’s neurobiological organization to facilitate intervention by assessing clinical impressions in nine key areas: 1) attachment experience, 2) self-concept, 3) arousal organization, 4) soothing of dysregulated states, 5) use of defenses, 6) use of instinct, 7) use of reflection, 8) hopes and desires, and 9) current level of agency. A composite case will be presented illustrating the clinical use.
{"title":"Scaffolding the Brain: Key Areas of Evaluation in Infant Parent Psychotherapy","authors":"R. Newton","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1995690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1995690","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Clinicians are often challenged by the complexity involved in early childhood infant/parent dyadic assessments and interventions. Working within a right hemisphere developmental period requires clinicians to have a good enough natural relational style that moves easily between the nonverbal implicit worlds of the infant and parent while attending to the parent’s verbal narrative. The author suggests using an evidence informed neurobiological scaffold called Integrative Regulation Therapy (iRT) with evidence based Infant Parent Psychotherapy (IPP) and introduces an iRT assessment that creates a Probable Map of the parent’s neurobiological organization to facilitate intervention by assessing clinical impressions in nine key areas: 1) attachment experience, 2) self-concept, 3) arousal organization, 4) soothing of dysregulated states, 5) use of defenses, 6) use of instinct, 7) use of reflection, 8) hopes and desires, and 9) current level of agency. A composite case will be presented illustrating the clinical use.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"11 1","pages":"372 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83526593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2021.1999193
Hannah Dunn, Sasha Rudenstine, S. Tuber, Elliot L Jurist
ABSTRACT Mentalized affectivity is the ability to draw from prior and present contexts to evaluate and modulate one’s emotions. Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. The present study explores the relationship between caregivers’ mentalized affectivity and children’s defense mechanisms. Children who underwent a neuropsychological assessment or an individual psychotherapy intake at a low-fee outpatient mental health clinic were recruited (N = 24 dyads). Caregivers completed the Brief Mentalized Affectivity Scale (BMAS), a 12-item self-report questionnaire to assess three components of mentalized affectivity: identifying, processing, and expressing of emotions. Children completed the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT); responses were coded based on Cramer’s Defense Mechanism Manual. The findings of the analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that denial is more prevalent at younger ages (<8 years), while identification is more common in latency and adolescence (>8 years). Among children older than 8 years old, lower caregiver mentalized affectivity was associated with significantly more primitive defense use (i.e., denial) on the part of the child. Although there were limitations to the findings, results from this exploratory study have important implications for caregiver-child therapeutic interventions and warrant further examination as the sample size grows.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2021.2007685
Martha Bragin
ABSTRACT The 21st century began in a burst of political violence that terrified people around the globe. A series of programs designed to counter violent extremism grew up, entangling tens of thousands of children and young people in its web. The philosophy on which these programs were founded, seemed based on a fear driven mindblindness that assumed that even the youngest perpetrators were incorrigible in some fundamental way and thus only the most violent levels of power and control would be sufficient to prevent terror from proliferating. Twenty years later, tens of thousands of children and young people are incarcerated or part of surveillance and suppression programs. However, recent studies indicate such programs serve to fuel rather than prevent violent extremism. Evidence indicates that programs eschewing violence and promoting collaboration, compassion and restorative justice have measurably positive results. This paper outlines a psychoanalytic approach illuminating that evidence. Through the use of three clinical vignettes, the paper offers a psychoanalytic perspective on the motivations of young people convicted of political violence. The paper suggests a way that psychoanalytic, developmental perspectives may contribute to the creation of effective psychosocial programs that harness their idealism and need for agency in the face of terrible violence toward preventing, treating and reintegrating young people affected by violent extremism.
{"title":"The Paradox of Hope: A Psychodynamic Approach to Understanding the Motivations of Young People Engaged in Violent Extremism","authors":"Martha Bragin","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.2007685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.2007685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The 21st century began in a burst of political violence that terrified people around the globe. A series of programs designed to counter violent extremism grew up, entangling tens of thousands of children and young people in its web. The philosophy on which these programs were founded, seemed based on a fear driven mindblindness that assumed that even the youngest perpetrators were incorrigible in some fundamental way and thus only the most violent levels of power and control would be sufficient to prevent terror from proliferating. Twenty years later, tens of thousands of children and young people are incarcerated or part of surveillance and suppression programs. However, recent studies indicate such programs serve to fuel rather than prevent violent extremism. Evidence indicates that programs eschewing violence and promoting collaboration, compassion and restorative justice have measurably positive results. This paper outlines a psychoanalytic approach illuminating that evidence. Through the use of three clinical vignettes, the paper offers a psychoanalytic perspective on the motivations of young people convicted of political violence. The paper suggests a way that psychoanalytic, developmental perspectives may contribute to the creation of effective psychosocial programs that harness their idealism and need for agency in the face of terrible violence toward preventing, treating and reintegrating young people affected by violent extremism.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"2006 1","pages":"411 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91315691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2021.2006484
Jordan Bate, A. Golub, J. Bellinson, Phyllis F. Cohen
ABSTRACT Historically, services for families in the child welfare system have been behaviorally and externally focused, rather than attuning to what is happening on the inside for parents and children. Rarely do families have access to psychodynamic treatment provided by highly trained and well supported therapists. The Building Blocks program was developed at New Alternatives to Children, a child welfare agency, to provide mentalization-based psychodynamic treatment to families with children in foster care or at risk of being removed from the home. This paper presents data from a case of a mother and her infant daughter, observed through three lenses – clinical observation, research and supervision – sharpening our understanding of factors that facilitate trust, healing and attachment within both parent-child and therapeutic relationships. To empirically evaluate the Building Blocks program, families participate in assessments at baseline and after 12 sessions. We observed meaningful changes in this dyad’s verbal and nonverbal behaviors, based on Coding Interactive Behavior System, confirming the clinical observations. Finally, reflective supervision supported positive movement, and the use of video aided therapist mentalization. Integration of clinical training and research can provide a more comprehensive view of clinical work and allow families to be more fully seen and known.
从历史上看，儿童福利系统中的家庭服务一直以行为和外部为重点，而不是协调父母和儿童内部发生的事情。很少有家庭能够获得训练有素、支持良好的治疗师提供的心理动力学治疗。“积木”项目由儿童福利机构“儿童新选择”(New Alternatives to Children)开发，旨在为有寄养儿童或有可能被带离家庭的儿童的家庭提供基于心理的心理动力学治疗。本文通过临床观察、研究和监督这三个角度，呈现了一位母亲和她的女婴的案例数据，加深了我们对在亲子关系和治疗关系中促进信任、治愈和依恋的因素的理解。为了经验性地评估构建模块项目，家庭在基线和12次会议后参与评估。基于编码交互行为系统，我们观察到这对夫妇的语言和非语言行为发生了有意义的变化，证实了临床观察。最后，反思性监督支持积极运动，并使用视频辅助治疗师心理化。将临床培训与研究相结合，可以提供更全面的临床工作视角，也可以让家庭得到更充分的认识和认识。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/15289168.2021.2003683
Cigal Knei-Paz, Esther Cohen
ABSTRACT Ample evidence shows that exposure of young children to domestic violence may endanger children’s social-emotional development. Yet limited attention has been devoted to ways of specifically addressing issues of moral development in therapy. We highlight the need to address the potential harmful effects of domestic violence on the child’s moral development, within the context of the child’s relationship with the non-offending parent. We suggest that therapists assume a proactive role in identifying and addressing both the child’s and custodial caregiver’s feelings, perceptions and values relevant to the immoral acts of the perpetrator caregiver. Proactively addressing potential distortions seems essential, even though such a purportedly judgmental position may arouse uneasiness amongst therapists. Reviewing cases from Child-Parent-Psychotherapy with families exposed to domestic violence, we identify six recurring themes, indicating risk to children’s moral development. Themes include identification with the aggressor, positive feelings toward the perpetrator leading to excusing the violent acts, ambivalence toward the observance of social rules, and difficulties with empathy, guilt, and remorse. Together with the enlisted support of the custodial caregiver, these provide opportunities for the therapist to clarify and repair moral perceptions and feelings, denoting a clear moral stance, thereby contributing to the prevention of intergenerational cycles of violence.
{"title":"Moral Development in Young Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: The Case for the Proactive Role of the Therapist","authors":"Cigal Knei-Paz, Esther Cohen","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.2003683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.2003683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ample evidence shows that exposure of young children to domestic violence may endanger children’s social-emotional development. Yet limited attention has been devoted to ways of specifically addressing issues of moral development in therapy. We highlight the need to address the potential harmful effects of domestic violence on the child’s moral development, within the context of the child’s relationship with the non-offending parent. We suggest that therapists assume a proactive role in identifying and addressing both the child’s and custodial caregiver’s feelings, perceptions and values relevant to the immoral acts of the perpetrator caregiver. Proactively addressing potential distortions seems essential, even though such a purportedly judgmental position may arouse uneasiness amongst therapists. Reviewing cases from Child-Parent-Psychotherapy with families exposed to domestic violence, we identify six recurring themes, indicating risk to children’s moral development. Themes include identification with the aggressor, positive feelings toward the perpetrator leading to excusing the violent acts, ambivalence toward the observance of social rules, and difficulties with empathy, guilt, and remorse. Together with the enlisted support of the custodial caregiver, these provide opportunities for the therapist to clarify and repair moral perceptions and feelings, denoting a clear moral stance, thereby contributing to the prevention of intergenerational cycles of violence.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"259 1","pages":"425 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75765975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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