We consider in this paper a MIMO-OFDM wireless communication system based on pre-coding and SVD techniques, which the system has the feedback of CSI to the transmitted side. The multi path channel, delay spread, Rayleigh fading and channel noise are assumed in the simulation of the proposed system. The zero forcing method is applied for detection the data received. The goal of our study is to evaluate the BER performance and see it with different case. The BER resulted shows the improvement by using the SVD decomposition for the associated system of MIMO-OFDM. Particularly in the complex conditions of wireless channel where we considered ten paths for propagation the signals between transmitter and receiver sides. And also the contribution is appeared when the system studied keeps a good BER performance when the data rate is increased by using more transmit antenna. As we evaluated the BER of MIMO-OFDM system done for various sub-carriers and in two guard interval lengths for the OFDM system
{"title":"Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Based on SVD scheme under multi path selective fading channel","authors":"B. Ali","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I3.2049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I3.2049","url":null,"abstract":"We consider in this paper a MIMO-OFDM wireless communication system based on pre-coding and SVD techniques, which the system has the feedback of CSI to the transmitted side. The multi path channel, delay spread, Rayleigh fading and channel noise are assumed in the simulation of the proposed system. The zero forcing method is applied for detection the data received. The goal of our study is to evaluate the BER performance and see it with different case. The BER resulted shows the improvement by using the SVD decomposition for the associated system of MIMO-OFDM. Particularly in the complex conditions of wireless channel where we considered ten paths for propagation the signals between transmitter and receiver sides. And also the contribution is appeared when the system studied keeps a good BER performance when the data rate is increased by using more transmit antenna. As we evaluated the BER of MIMO-OFDM system done for various sub-carriers and in two guard interval lengths for the OFDM system","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45440923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Development and the New “Trust” Between Humans and Machines","authors":"Po-Jung Shih","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.2178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.2178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"41-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46406291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Ad-Hoc network, devices make connection in the network through wireless medium. In these networks, each device have a unique IP address and it helps in identification of nodes for routing. Routing becomes difficult when the location of node changes. The IP address of every node should be updated, and there is a requirement of complex protocols to handle such changes. The challenges of IP addresses are many. In such wireless networks, connection is to be re-established with different IP address when a node moves from one access point to another .This will increase the latency of the network and provides interruption in service. This problem can be solved using mobile IP. It will maintain the same IP address even if the host node changes location .Hence it provides continuous connectivity in the network. In our proposed network, packets have been distributed using probabilistic approach i.e.pareto for grid and random topology & performance of the network is improved for DSR Routing protocol.
{"title":"Intelligent Model for Improving the Capacity of Wireless Adhoc Network","authors":"Suresh Kurumbanshi","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1707","url":null,"abstract":"In Ad-Hoc network, devices make connection in the network through wireless medium. In these networks, each device have a unique IP address and it helps in identification of nodes for routing. Routing becomes difficult when the location of node changes. The IP address of every node should be updated, and there is a requirement of complex protocols to handle such changes. The challenges of IP addresses are many. In such wireless networks, connection is to be re-established with different IP address when a node moves from one access point to another .This will increase the latency of the network and provides interruption in service. This problem can be solved using mobile IP. It will maintain the same IP address even if the host node changes location .Hence it provides continuous connectivity in the network. In our proposed network, packets have been distributed using probabilistic approach i.e.pareto for grid and random topology & performance of the network is improved for DSR Routing protocol.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jayson Piquero, Vincent Kyle Delica, Alfred Loue Orquia, Eloise Margarett Reynaldo, J. Ilao, M. A. Roque, E. Sybingco, A. Chua, J. Katupitya, H. Jayakody
This paper introduces Sliding Mode controller, a non-linear controller, for the implementation of an autonomous quadrotor platform, a non-linear system. The Sliding Mode controller was applied to a PixHawk Flight Controller using the Ardupilot firmware. The simulation testing using SITL shows the effectiveness of the controller before flight. The results imply the improvement when using Sliding Mode Control in comparison to PID controller. The results show that there is a reduction in attitude error when using Sliding Mode Control in comparison with PID control in all simulation and actual hardware results. The robustness of Sliding Mode Control was also tested by adding parameter uncertainties and disturbances to the system. In this study, the root-mean-square error obtained in the Sliding Mode Control is 1.546580%, 0.634243%, and 13.466256% for the roll, pitch, and yaw movements respectively, and the root-mean-square error obtained in the PID control is 2.588324%, 4.553838%, and 18.860183% for the roll, pitch, and yaw movements respectively. This shows that the quadrotor using Sliding Mode Control is less prone to attitude errors.
{"title":"A NEW SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER IMPLEMENTATION ON AN AUTONOMOUS QUADCOPTER SYSTEM","authors":"Jayson Piquero, Vincent Kyle Delica, Alfred Loue Orquia, Eloise Margarett Reynaldo, J. Ilao, M. A. Roque, E. Sybingco, A. Chua, J. Katupitya, H. Jayakody","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1876","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces Sliding Mode controller, a non-linear controller, for the implementation of an autonomous quadrotor platform, a non-linear system. The Sliding Mode controller was applied to a PixHawk Flight Controller using the Ardupilot firmware. The simulation testing using SITL shows the effectiveness of the controller before flight. The results imply the improvement when using Sliding Mode Control in comparison to PID controller. The results show that there is a reduction in attitude error when using Sliding Mode Control in comparison with PID control in all simulation and actual hardware results. The robustness of Sliding Mode Control was also tested by adding parameter uncertainties and disturbances to the system. In this study, the root-mean-square error obtained in the Sliding Mode Control is 1.546580%, 0.634243%, and 13.466256% for the roll, pitch, and yaw movements respectively, and the root-mean-square error obtained in the PID control is 2.588324%, 4.553838%, and 18.860183% for the roll, pitch, and yaw movements respectively. This shows that the quadrotor using Sliding Mode Control is less prone to attitude errors.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44130277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis of an H∞ controller usually produces a very high order of controller, and one which is much higher than the plant, causing difficulty in implementing the controller in practical applications, especially those using small microcontrollers. However, systems are always subject to disturbances and un-modeled dynamics. This research introduces modeling and simulations of lower order structures, specifically an H∞ robust controller, to control a hydraulic servo system. A low order controller shortens the gap between the complicated H∞ controllers to the practical embedded control system application. Simulation results show that the proposed controller gives satisfactory results with small settling times and no steady state error. The resulting controller also produced better responses than that of a full order H∞ controller generated using the Matlab Robust Control Toolbox.
{"title":"Hydraulic Servo System Control Using Differential Evolution Based Robust Structure Specified H∞ Controller","authors":"D. Maneetham","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1906","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of an H∞ controller usually produces a very high order of controller, and one which is much higher than the plant, causing difficulty in implementing the controller in practical applications, especially those using small microcontrollers. However, systems are always subject to disturbances and un-modeled dynamics. This research introduces modeling and simulations of lower order structures, specifically an H∞ robust controller, to control a hydraulic servo system. A low order controller shortens the gap between the complicated H∞ controllers to the practical embedded control system application. Simulation results show that the proposed controller gives satisfactory results with small settling times and no steady state error. The resulting controller also produced better responses than that of a full order H∞ controller generated using the Matlab Robust Control Toolbox.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44801108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Progress of digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) confronts for the defective and specious electrodes. Not only these hinder the routing of droplets but also the completion time of assay is influenced by those defective electrodes. As Microfluidic-based biochips are broadly used in the revolution of medical diagnosis, gigantic parallel DNA analysis, automatic drug discovery and real-time biomolecular recognition including numerous safety-critical applications, this biochip definitely responsible for appropriate and accurate result. Prior accepting it for perceptive purposes the microfluidic biochip must confirm its precision and robustness. In this article, an aspect of fast fault diagnosis appliance for perceiving double faults and recognizing the fault locations within the biochip is introduced. If the biochip is defect free then the proposed approach computes the traversal time as well. The suggested result outpoured that the propound technique is competent, efficacious as well as delineate signifying improvement over the surviving method. Furthermore this paper added expedient reconfiguration contrivance.
{"title":"An Efficient Technique for Double Faults Detection and their Locations Identification in Digital Microfluidic Biochip","authors":"A. Saha, M. Majumder","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1889","url":null,"abstract":"Progress of digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) confronts for the defective and specious electrodes. Not only these hinder the routing of droplets but also the completion time of assay is influenced by those defective electrodes. As Microfluidic-based biochips are broadly used in the revolution of medical diagnosis, gigantic parallel DNA analysis, automatic drug discovery and real-time biomolecular recognition including numerous safety-critical applications, this biochip definitely responsible for appropriate and accurate result. Prior accepting it for perceptive purposes the microfluidic biochip must confirm its precision and robustness. In this article, an aspect of fast fault diagnosis appliance for perceiving double faults and recognizing the fault locations within the biochip is introduced. If the biochip is defect free then the proposed approach computes the traversal time as well. The suggested result outpoured that the propound technique is competent, efficacious as well as delineate signifying improvement over the surviving method. Furthermore this paper added expedient reconfiguration contrivance.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41457235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vince William Carandang, Aaron Jules R. Del Rosario, Julius Ezra M. Gundran, A. Chua
Polygeneration plants are a leading means of increasing the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of energy conversion. This study addresses the lack of studies on automation and control of systems that produce electricity, heating, cooling, and potable water. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization of the annualized total cost is used to select and size the plant components. The final layout consists of solar photovoltaic (PV) and thermal, an absorption chiller and a multi-effect desalination for electricity, heating, cooling and water, respectively. As auxiliary sources, boiler, gas turbine and grid connection are present. Storage units for electricity, heating, and water are also included in the proposed layout. The control and automation system are implemented using ladder logic. Sufficient supply, efficient resource use, and financial gain are considered in the control scheme design. Applying the methodology to a mixed industrial, commercial and residential zone in Southern Luzon, Philippines, the simulation results show successful implementation of all control scenarios. Economic analysis on the hourly cash flows of the system on a typical day show significant daily savings that outweigh the investment cost of the proposed control and automation system with monthly savings of ₱25,112.40 and payback period of 0.4 years.
{"title":"A Novel Design of an Automation System for an Energy-Efficient Polygeneration Plant","authors":"Vince William Carandang, Aaron Jules R. Del Rosario, Julius Ezra M. Gundran, A. Chua","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I2.1895","url":null,"abstract":"Polygeneration plants are a leading means of increasing the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of energy conversion. This study addresses the lack of studies on automation and control of systems that produce electricity, heating, cooling, and potable water. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization of the annualized total cost is used to select and size the plant components. The final layout consists of solar photovoltaic (PV) and thermal, an absorption chiller and a multi-effect desalination for electricity, heating, cooling and water, respectively. As auxiliary sources, boiler, gas turbine and grid connection are present. Storage units for electricity, heating, and water are also included in the proposed layout. The control and automation system are implemented using ladder logic. Sufficient supply, efficient resource use, and financial gain are considered in the control scheme design. Applying the methodology to a mixed industrial, commercial and residential zone in Southern Luzon, Philippines, the simulation results show successful implementation of all control scenarios. Economic analysis on the hourly cash flows of the system on a typical day show significant daily savings that outweigh the investment cost of the proposed control and automation system with monthly savings of ₱25,112.40 and payback period of 0.4 years.","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"77-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42874066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Movement disability not only affects mobility but also affects other daily activities of a person with disability which includes accessing toilet, moving to a chair, etc. A wide variety of mobility assistive devices are commercially available but, the devices that enable self-transfer of a wheelchair user from one surface to another, specifically addressing transfer to a toilet commode, is the need of the hour. In order to develop a manual and a powered self-transfer device, a methodical search of the entire solution space has been made by constructing a concept classification tree to decide on the choice of transfer posture, sequence of transfer motion, actuators, mechanisms and power source. Prior to this decision making, the procedure adopted for transferring a disabled person by a caregiver and the general techniques followed by the disabled people to transfer themselves in toilets are investigated. Later, after the conceptual design which is common to both manual and powered version is finalized, the design criteria and target specifications are put forward. Then, the self-transfer devices are developed that satisfy these design criteria and target specifications. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .
{"title":"Concept Development and Design of Self-Transfer Devices for Wheelchair Users","authors":"R. Krishnan, S. Pugazhenthi","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I1.1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I1.1621","url":null,"abstract":"Movement disability not only affects mobility but also affects other daily activities of a person with disability which includes accessing toilet, moving to a chair, etc. A wide variety of mobility assistive devices are commercially available but, the devices that enable self-transfer of a wheelchair user from one surface to another, specifically addressing transfer to a toilet commode, is the need of the hour. In order to develop a manual and a powered self-transfer device, a methodical search of the entire solution space has been made by constructing a concept classification tree to decide on the choice of transfer posture, sequence of transfer motion, actuators, mechanisms and power source. Prior to this decision making, the procedure adopted for transferring a disabled person by a caregiver and the general techniques followed by the disabled people to transfer themselves in toilets are investigated. Later, after the conceptual design which is common to both manual and powered version is finalized, the design criteria and target specifications are put forward. Then, the self-transfer devices are developed that satisfy these design criteria and target specifications. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asir Antony Gnana Singh, Jebamalar Leavline, M. Sushmitha, E. Manjula
Automated irrigation systems are important for improving agricultural productivity, and such systems can be improved through the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for detecting and relaying critical information including location-specific temperature, humidity, light, etc. These measurements can then be used to produce more accurate data-driven decisions. This paper presents a smart irrigation system integrating wireless sensor network and using a low power and lossy network (RPL) protocol. Irrigation supply decisions are made in real time, based on data simulated using the Cooja simulator and Contiki operating system. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .
{"title":"Smart Irrigation System Using Wireless Sensor Network with Cooja and Contiki","authors":"Asir Antony Gnana Singh, Jebamalar Leavline, M. Sushmitha, E. Manjula","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I1.1859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I1.1859","url":null,"abstract":"Automated irrigation systems are important for improving agricultural productivity, and such systems can be improved through the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for detecting and relaying critical information including location-specific temperature, humidity, light, etc. These measurements can then be used to produce more accurate data-driven decisions. This paper presents a smart irrigation system integrating wireless sensor network and using a low power and lossy network (RPL) protocol. Irrigation supply decisions are made in real time, based on data simulated using the Cooja simulator and Contiki operating system. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47262471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leapheng Uon, C. Ng, Francis Gregory Ng, Sharaful-Ilmi Abdulkadir Paduman, A. Chua
The numerical control (NC) codes generated from Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software follow the sequence of adding elements to the design. As an alternative, it would be quite beneficial in cost-reduction to optimize the manufacturing sequence to minimize the run time. Accordingly, this paper introduces a novel approach to optimize the numerical control codes generated from a CAM software package using a systematic block management method. To improve the drilling sequence, contours are also considered as block entities in a traveling salesman problem (TSP) with modifications to systematically manage the blocks of code that define the contours. A MATLAB program was created to automatically optimize the numerical codes from a CAM software translator. Because of easier usage and good performance, a partitioned approach for the λ-opt algorithm was implemented instead of the Lin-Kernighan Heuristic (LKH) that has been extensively proven to be effective in optimizing the traveling salesman problem. The new approach was simulated on sample designs and has been shown to achieve at least 15.52% reduction in airtime and 11.32% reduction in tool travel distance. Experimental data showed a 13.45% decrease in total milling time. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .
{"title":"A Novel Approach to Optimize Numerical Control Codes Using a Systematic Block Management Method","authors":"Leapheng Uon, C. Ng, Francis Gregory Ng, Sharaful-Ilmi Abdulkadir Paduman, A. Chua","doi":"10.5875/AUSMT.V9I1.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5875/AUSMT.V9I1.1728","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical control (NC) codes generated from Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software follow the sequence of adding elements to the design. As an alternative, it would be quite beneficial in cost-reduction to optimize the manufacturing sequence to minimize the run time. Accordingly, this paper introduces a novel approach to optimize the numerical control codes generated from a CAM software package using a systematic block management method. To improve the drilling sequence, contours are also considered as block entities in a traveling salesman problem (TSP) with modifications to systematically manage the blocks of code that define the contours. A MATLAB program was created to automatically optimize the numerical codes from a CAM software translator. Because of easier usage and good performance, a partitioned approach for the λ-opt algorithm was implemented instead of the Lin-Kernighan Heuristic (LKH) that has been extensively proven to be effective in optimizing the traveling salesman problem. The new approach was simulated on sample designs and has been shown to achieve at least 15.52% reduction in airtime and 11.32% reduction in tool travel distance. Experimental data showed a 13.45% decrease in total milling time. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .","PeriodicalId":38109,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49303695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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