Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0024
Eleonora Massa, Valentina Simeoni
Based on the analysis of a corpus of 300 posts written on Facebook by 20 pregnant Italian women, this chapter discusses the role of this social network in structuring sharable and socially acceptable narratives of the complex human experience of pregnancy. First, pregnancy is defined as an exquisitely narrative phenomenon that stimulates intersubjective forms of construction and representation. Second, the structural peculiarities of Facebook as a narrative device are described. Finally, an analysis of the corpus is proposed that unfolds on three levels: a global narrative, a linguistic-rhetoric, and a socio-pragmatic one. Along with indications on the informative power such narratives may have for socio-anthropological and linguistic research, some first conclusions are proposed on the constructional power of the platform in shaping biographical experiences and producing pregnancy narratives that are partly similar, and partly different, from those of the offline culture.
{"title":"Pregnancy 2.0","authors":"Eleonora Massa, Valentina Simeoni","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of a corpus of 300 posts written on Facebook by 20 pregnant Italian women, this chapter discusses the role of this social network in structuring sharable and socially acceptable narratives of the complex human experience of pregnancy. First, pregnancy is defined as an exquisitely narrative phenomenon that stimulates intersubjective forms of construction and representation. Second, the structural peculiarities of Facebook as a narrative device are described. Finally, an analysis of the corpus is proposed that unfolds on three levels: a global narrative, a linguistic-rhetoric, and a socio-pragmatic one. Along with indications on the informative power such narratives may have for socio-anthropological and linguistic research, some first conclusions are proposed on the constructional power of the platform in shaping biographical experiences and producing pregnancy narratives that are partly similar, and partly different, from those of the offline culture.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131557351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0005
T. Meyer, Margret Xyländer
This chapter examines how which cases and parts of illness narratives are selected for a specific use in practice. It takes the perspective of qualitative researchers and apply ideas of sampling and generalizability to this question. It discusses the different types of sampling strategies in qualitative research and the relevance of each towards making generalization statements. It then reflects on the different roles that qualitative researchers might take in using illness narratives in practice, including the roles of agency or that the media might take. In light of these perspectives this chapter argues that decisions on how illness narratives are selected should be guided by the same rigour used in the conduct of a qualitative study. In short, criteria for their selection should be explicit and transparent.
{"title":"Choices of illness narratives in practice","authors":"T. Meyer, Margret Xyländer","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how which cases and parts of illness narratives are selected for a specific use in practice. It takes the perspective of qualitative researchers and apply ideas of sampling and generalizability to this question. It discusses the different types of sampling strategies in qualitative research and the relevance of each towards making generalization statements. It then reflects on the different roles that qualitative researchers might take in using illness narratives in practice, including the roles of agency or that the media might take. In light of these perspectives this chapter argues that decisions on how illness narratives are selected should be guided by the same rigour used in the conduct of a qualitative study. In short, criteria for their selection should be explicit and transparent.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132115923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0006
H. Haker
The attention to illness narratives echoes the narrative turn in the humanities. This chapter explores the implications of counselling and confronts the narrative medicine approach with the correlated, yet distinct, concept of narrative ethics. It considers ethics standards of counselling and, more specifically, models of decision-making that counsellors use as orientation and ethical guidelines. Narrative ethics is one way to bridge the experiences and value the moral norms that govern decision making. This chapter explores ways to integrate a narrative ethics approach as part of ethical counselling to ensure that both individual experiences and the normative dimensions of actions are included in the conversations. While non-directive counselling emphasizes the moral agency of the individual and calls for the respect of the client concerning their choices, the introduced model of decision making is better equipped to attend to the ethical dimension of counselling.
{"title":"Illness narratives in counselling—narrative medicine and narrative ethics","authors":"H. Haker","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The attention to illness narratives echoes the narrative turn in the humanities. This chapter explores the implications of counselling and confronts the narrative medicine approach with the correlated, yet distinct, concept of narrative ethics. It considers ethics standards of counselling and, more specifically, models of decision-making that counsellors use as orientation and ethical guidelines. Narrative ethics is one way to bridge the experiences and value the moral norms that govern decision making. This chapter explores ways to integrate a narrative ethics approach as part of ethical counselling to ensure that both individual experiences and the normative dimensions of actions are included in the conversations. While non-directive counselling emphasizes the moral agency of the individual and calls for the respect of the client concerning their choices, the introduced model of decision making is better equipped to attend to the ethical dimension of counselling.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114418174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0003
J. Koschack, W. Himmel
According to Arthur W. Frank, illness is a call for stories. It is widely accepted that a narrative approach in medicine improves health care outcomes and there is some evidence that listening to illness stories of others has a positive effect also on fellow patients. However, when researchers collect patient narratives and prepare them to be used by, and to help, patients or other sufferers, they may change the nature of the narratives. This chapter shows how illness narratives are arranged on DIPEx websites as short statements and summarized under certain topics—with the aim to represent the whole range of patient experiences. It then discusses why people may listen to patient experiences, for example, to make informed choices on the basis of evidence-based experiential information, and/or to use experiences of others as ‘companion stories’ to complete their own illness narrative and to give it a ‘gestalt’.
{"title":"The researchers’ role in re-constructing patient narratives to present them as patient experiences","authors":"J. Koschack, W. Himmel","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"According to Arthur W. Frank, illness is a call for stories. It is widely accepted that a narrative approach in medicine improves health care outcomes and there is some evidence that listening to illness stories of others has a positive effect also on fellow patients. However, when researchers collect patient narratives and prepare them to be used by, and to help, patients or other sufferers, they may change the nature of the narratives. This chapter shows how illness narratives are arranged on DIPEx websites as short statements and summarized under certain topics—with the aim to represent the whole range of patient experiences. It then discusses why people may listen to patient experiences, for example, to make informed choices on the basis of evidence-based experiential information, and/or to use experiences of others as ‘companion stories’ to complete their own illness narrative and to give it a ‘gestalt’.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130236179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0013
A. Palant, W. Himmel
To be effective, (future) clinicians should gain an understanding of patients’ perspectives when it comes to having an illness. How patients experience their illness is best represented in illness narratives. Such illness narratives can be found on the website www.krankheitserfahrungen.de—the German version of the international DIPEx websites. This chapter discusses a pilot study of a teaching unit developed using website videos of illness narratives from patients with type 2 diabetes regarding weight loss. It discusses the aim of this pilot, which was to teach medical students to identify different subjective views of, and reactions towards, the pressure to give up a previous lifestyle. It investigates how, while students and the teacher appreciated the exercise and learned to better understand the patients’ perspective from illness narratives, the external conditions seem to be the main challenge for patients who need to implement lifestyle changes.
{"title":"How to use illness narratives in medical education","authors":"A. Palant, W. Himmel","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"To be effective, (future) clinicians should gain an understanding of patients’ perspectives when it comes to having an illness. How patients experience their illness is best represented in illness narratives. Such illness narratives can be found on the website www.krankheitserfahrungen.de—the German version of the international DIPEx websites. This chapter discusses a pilot study of a teaching unit developed using website videos of illness narratives from patients with type 2 diabetes regarding weight loss. It discusses the aim of this pilot, which was to teach medical students to identify different subjective views of, and reactions towards, the pressure to give up a previous lifestyle. It investigates how, while students and the teacher appreciated the exercise and learned to better understand the patients’ perspective from illness narratives, the external conditions seem to be the main challenge for patients who need to implement lifestyle changes.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129522560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0019
C. Holmberg
There is a push in healthcare delivery for patients to base their treatment decisions on ‘evidence’ rather than ‘anecdotes’, a term used for individual experiences, and that devalues their epistemological grounding of an individual’s experiences in comparison to statistically-derived scientific knowledge. This chapter discusses how the profound differences between these different forms of knowledge can be teased out through the lens of phenomenological scholars and an investigation of experience and storytelling. It covers how treatment decisions are characterized by choices, of which one is not necessarily superior to another, but rather all are characterized by different risks and benefits, and that such treatment decisions work in the subjunctive mode and as such are inherently narratively structured. Healthcare decision making is about finding a plot. Thus, this chapter explores how helping patients to make ‘better’ decisions may necessitate presenting storylines in which future outcomes are envisioned that take both the intersubjective knowledge of the patient and the scientific knowledge of epidemiology into account.
{"title":"What’s in a name?","authors":"C. Holmberg","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"There is a push in healthcare delivery for patients to base their treatment decisions on ‘evidence’ rather than ‘anecdotes’, a term used for individual experiences, and that devalues their epistemological grounding of an individual’s experiences in comparison to statistically-derived scientific knowledge. This chapter discusses how the profound differences between these different forms of knowledge can be teased out through the lens of phenomenological scholars and an investigation of experience and storytelling. It covers how treatment decisions are characterized by choices, of which one is not necessarily superior to another, but rather all are characterized by different risks and benefits, and that such treatment decisions work in the subjunctive mode and as such are inherently narratively structured. Healthcare decision making is about finding a plot. Thus, this chapter explores how helping patients to make ‘better’ decisions may necessitate presenting storylines in which future outcomes are envisioned that take both the intersubjective knowledge of the patient and the scientific knowledge of epidemiology into account.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115465528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0023
Rachel Grob, M. Schlesinger
Individuals experience illness and healthcare in diverse ways. Advocates striving to create system change, however, typically simplify representations of patient experience. These ‘crafted’ public narratives better accord with journalists’ ideals of compelling, coherent, attention-grabbing stories. But condensing diverse experiences into univocal narratives has costs: some patients’ voices are silenced, and vital ethical issues are overlooked. This chapter uses a case study of advocacy around newborn screening (NBS) to explore the origins and implications of crafted public narratives. It traces the emergence of a single ‘urgency narrative’ used by advocates to promote expanded screening and compares its impact on media coverage and policy-making across the United States and among five English-speaking nations. It shows that crafted narratives are most influential in countries where NBS policies are set subnationally, since geographic variation both fosters advocates’ search for compelling narratives and makes those narratives more evocative, enhancing their impact on policy-making.
{"title":"When public and private narratives diverge","authors":"Rachel Grob, M. Schlesinger","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals experience illness and healthcare in diverse ways. Advocates striving to create system change, however, typically simplify representations of patient experience. These ‘crafted’ public narratives better accord with journalists’ ideals of compelling, coherent, attention-grabbing stories. But condensing diverse experiences into univocal narratives has costs: some patients’ voices are silenced, and vital ethical issues are overlooked. This chapter uses a case study of advocacy around newborn screening (NBS) to explore the origins and implications of crafted public narratives. It traces the emergence of a single ‘urgency narrative’ used by advocates to promote expanded screening and compares its impact on media coverage and policy-making across the United States and among five English-speaking nations. It shows that crafted narratives are most influential in countries where NBS policies are set subnationally, since geographic variation both fosters advocates’ search for compelling narratives and makes those narratives more evocative, enhancing their impact on policy-making.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"1952 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129238658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0011
A. Kiss, C. Steiner
The University of Basel, Switzerland has developed a longitudinal medical humanities curriculum based on illness narratives and narrative medicine. The ultimate learning goal of medical humanities as taught in Basel is to foster narrative competence. A good doctor needs to be a good listener, a good storyteller, and should ideally be able to co-create an illness narrative together with a patient. Medical humanities consist of mandatory and optional elements. Blending evidence-based medicine, which is based on larger numbers of patients with similar characteristics, with narrative-based medicine, which is based on patients’ uniqueness, this programme provides medical students with the opportunity to develop and practice narrative medicine over the course of the six years of medical studies. This chapter discusses the programme and its place in medical education.
{"title":"Using narratives for medical humanities in medical training","authors":"A. Kiss, C. Steiner","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806660.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Basel, Switzerland has developed a longitudinal medical humanities curriculum based on illness narratives and narrative medicine. The ultimate learning goal of medical humanities as taught in Basel is to foster narrative competence. A good doctor needs to be a good listener, a good storyteller, and should ideally be able to co-create an illness narrative together with a patient. Medical humanities consist of mandatory and optional elements. Blending evidence-based medicine, which is based on larger numbers of patients with similar characteristics, with narrative-based medicine, which is based on patients’ uniqueness, this programme provides medical students with the opportunity to develop and practice narrative medicine over the course of the six years of medical studies. This chapter discusses the programme and its place in medical education.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114551235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0012
Yeonok Jeoung, G. Lucius-Hoene, Y. I. Bak
Recent studies in Korea show that doctors have suffered a severe loss of image among their patients, due to their authoritarian, unempathic, and unfriendly communication behaviour. These findings were confirmed by studies of their communication styles done with conversation analysis. Training courses for medical students in doctor–patient communication have become mandatory, but are short and to date have provided no significant change; the ethical foundations of doctors when dealing with patients remained untouched. This chapter explores how the humanistic concepts of narrative medicine and can provide better understanding between doctors and patients. This ‘narrative spirit’ resonates with traditional values of Buddhism and Confucianism that are deeply rooted in Korean culture. It discusses a training programme for doctors working with text analysis of narrative interviews of patients’ illness experiences and shows how using patients’ stories may evoke this ‘narrative spirit’ and combine traditional ethical values with modern medical education.
{"title":"The ‘narrative spirit’","authors":"Yeonok Jeoung, G. Lucius-Hoene, Y. I. Bak","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies in Korea show that doctors have suffered a severe loss of image among their patients, due to their authoritarian, unempathic, and unfriendly communication behaviour. These findings were confirmed by studies of their communication styles done with conversation analysis. Training courses for medical students in doctor–patient communication have become mandatory, but are short and to date have provided no significant change; the ethical foundations of doctors when dealing with patients remained untouched. This chapter explores how the humanistic concepts of narrative medicine and can provide better understanding between doctors and patients. This ‘narrative spirit’ resonates with traditional values of Buddhism and Confucianism that are deeply rooted in Korean culture. It discusses a training programme for doctors working with text analysis of narrative interviews of patients’ illness experiences and shows how using patients’ stories may evoke this ‘narrative spirit’ and combine traditional ethical values with modern medical education.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115837270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0026
Matthias Bandtel
This chapter explores political actors’ illness accounts published in the media. Until recently, politicians’ health conditions have been a prominent topic in political discussions and electoral campaigns. This broad interest relates to the multiple functions of the body in political contexts. This chapter discusses the links between individual forms of body presentation and institutional representation. It also covers a discourse-analytical case study that examines the illness narratives of two German state ministers and reveals the highly normative expectations regarding body presentations in the field of politics. On the one hand, the illness is portrayed as an excuse for political failures. On the other hand, political bodies are constructed that gain additional competences through the illness experience. Furthermore, political actors’ mediated illness narratives transfer societal problems of power and control to the site of individual bodies. Finally, it addresses how political processes become tangible for wider audiences, which is crucial for contemporary media societies.
{"title":"Illness narratives in political communication","authors":"Matthias Bandtel","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198806660.003.0026","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores political actors’ illness accounts published in the media. Until recently, politicians’ health conditions have been a prominent topic in political discussions and electoral campaigns. This broad interest relates to the multiple functions of the body in political contexts. This chapter discusses the links between individual forms of body presentation and institutional representation. It also covers a discourse-analytical case study that examines the illness narratives of two German state ministers and reveals the highly normative expectations regarding body presentations in the field of politics. On the one hand, the illness is portrayed as an excuse for political failures. On the other hand, political bodies are constructed that gain additional competences through the illness experience. Furthermore, political actors’ mediated illness narratives transfer societal problems of power and control to the site of individual bodies. Finally, it addresses how political processes become tangible for wider audiences, which is crucial for contemporary media societies.","PeriodicalId":381689,"journal":{"name":"Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-related Contexts","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123668418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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