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The Church Museums’ Evolution of the Idea and Methods of Missionary Work in China: A Study of Tsinanfu Institute 教会博物馆在中国传教理念和方法的演变:清南书院研究
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050598
Taiheng Li, Yingyi Zhang, Jun Wei
This study explores the role of church museums represented by the Tsinanfu Institute in the spread of Christianity in modern China. Established in 1887, Tsinanfu Institute, formerly Tsingchowfu Museum, stands as an early pioneer of church museums in China with the mission of spreading Christianity. It has taken exhibition and knowledge dissemination and social education as its core functions, indirect evangelization and expansion of religious influence as its fundamental purpose, and the Chinese way of localization and the promotion of harmonious relations with the community as its important working guidelines. It has established a new operational concept as a “public cultural museum”, realizing the transformation of the church museum from a missionary venue for the intellectuals to a new type of missionary venue for the general public. The development stages of the church museum operational concept represented by Tsinanfu Institute are mainly socialization, education, localization, and the popularization of higher education, which is a microcosm of the development trend of the Christian Endeavour Movement, Social Gospel, and vernacularization thought. Tsinanfu Institute shows significant research value in studying new missionary concepts and exploring the new way of missionary work in the church during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
本研究探讨了以清南书院为代表的教会博物馆在基督教在近代中国的传播中所发挥的作用。成立于 1887 年的清南书院(前身为清州府博物馆)是中国早期以传播基督教为使命的教会博物馆的先驱。它以展览、知识传播和社会教育为核心功能,以间接传教和扩大宗教影响为根本宗旨,以中国本土化和促进与社会和谐关系为重要工作方针。它确立了 "公共文化博物馆 "的全新运营理念,实现了教会博物馆从面向知识分子的传教场所向面向大众的新型传教场所的转变。以终南书院为代表的教会博物馆运营理念的发展阶段主要是社会化、教育化、本土化和高等教育大众化,是基督教奋兴运动、社会福音和乡土化思潮发展趋势的一个缩影。清南书院在研究 19 世纪末 20 世纪初教会新传教观念、探索教会新传教方式方面具有重要的研究价值。
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引用次数: 0
Ham Sok Hon: Bridging Spirituality and Politics Ham Sok Hon:连接精神与政治
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050601
S. Lee
This paper aims to offer an interpretation of Ham Sok Hon’s views on the dynamic relationship between religion and politics. While considerable discussion has already taken place in the Korean academic community across various fields, including philosophy, theology, and political science, many of which propose ssial philosophy as the metaphysical foundation of his political thoughts, there still remains a need for a more systematic understanding of their relationship, which I argue is closely linked to his concept of jeonilhwa gwajeong (the process of unification/integration). By exploring Ham’s unique analysis, particularly in relation to the notion of ipcheseong (stereoscopic/multi-dimensional), this paper will underscore their shared roots and objectives across different spheres of life: one pertaining to salim (human affairs) seeking the pursuit of fairness and equality, and the other dealing with spirituality, aspiring to grasp the sublime aspects of human existence. Both religion and politics, as these movements are termed, are mutually dependent, with their culmination promising peace and harmony in historical reality. Through highlighting Ham’s integrated perspective on religion and politics, I will ultimately suggest a specific discourse—civil religion—as a theoretical framework to effectively unravels Ham’s viewpoints.
本文旨在解读咸硕汉关于宗教与政治之间动态关系的观点。虽然韩国学术界已经在哲学、神学和政治学等不同领域展开了大量讨论,其中许多人提出了将社会哲学作为其政治思想的形而上学基础的观点,但我们仍然需要更系统地理解二者之间的关系,我认为这与他的 "统一/整合过程"(jeonilhwa gwajeong)概念密切相关。通过探讨哈姆的独特分析,特别是与 ipcheseong(立体/多维)概念相关的分析,本文将强调它们在不同生活领域的共同根源和目标:一个涉及 salim(人类事务),追求公平和平等;另一个涉及灵性,渴望把握人类存在的崇高方面。这些运动所称的宗教和政治相互依存,其顶峰有望在历史现实中实现和平与和谐。通过强调哈姆对宗教和政治的综合视角,我最终将提出一种特定的话语--公民宗教--作为有效阐释哈姆观点的理论框架。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Huijs et al. (2024). Spirituality as a Predictor of Well-Being, Mental Distress or Both: A Four-Week Follow-Up Study in a Sample of Dutch and Belgian Adults. Religions 15: 179 更正:Huijs 等人(2024 年)。灵性是幸福、精神压力或二者的预测因素:荷兰和比利时成年人样本的四周跟踪研究》(Spirituality as a Predictor of Well-Being, Mental Distress or Both: A Four-Week Follow-Up Study in a Sample of Dutch and Belgian Adults.宗教 15: 179
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050602
Thijs Huijs, A. Braam, R. Kruizinga, N. Jacobs, J. Reijnders, Marianne Simons
In the original publication (Huijs et al [...]
在最初的出版物中(Huijs et al [...]
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引用次数: 0
Prison Chaplaincy as A Microaggressive Environment for the Non-Religious 监狱牧师为非宗教人士提供的微攻击环境
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050597
Katie Hunt
This article unites the Special Issue’s themes of religion, prison, and spaces to examine the prison chaplaincy as a microaggressive environment for people of minority and especially non-religious belief. Although the chaplaincy purports to cater to all faiths and none, it is an inherently religious institution dominated by the Church of England, whose power and privilege is reinforced in both prison policy and legislation. After setting out the context and methodology of my empirical study, I unpack the concept of microaggressions and share original data from interviews with non-religious chaplaincy volunteers to demonstrate the ways in which prison chaplaincy can be alienating to people with a secular world view both as a pastoral service and a workplace. I also explore the physical space of the chaplaincy as a site of everyday othering, through its layout, language, and imagery. Ultimately, I argue that this facility is not suitable for everyone and creates hierarchies of access in which some prisoners and, indeed, staff feel more welcome than others. The article therefore proposes changes to people, place, and policy that could reduce this microaggressive impact.
这篇文章将特刊的宗教、监狱和空间主题结合起来,探讨了监狱牧师对少数群体,尤其是非宗教信仰者的微侵犯环境。尽管监狱牧师制度声称能满足所有信仰和非信仰者的需要,但它本质上是一个由英格兰教会主导的宗教机构,英格兰教会的权力和特权在监狱政策和立法中都得到了强化。在阐述了我的实证研究的背景和方法之后,我解释了微观侵害的概念,并分享了与非宗教牧师志愿者访谈的原始数据,以说明监狱牧师作为一种牧灵服务和工作场所,会以何种方式疏远具有世俗世界观的人。我还通过布局、语言和意象探讨了作为日常他者化场所的牧师室的物理空间。最终,我认为这一设施并不适合每一个人,而且造成了使用上的等级制度,让一些囚犯,甚至是工作人员感到比其他人更受欢迎。因此,文章建议对人、场所和政策进行改革,以减少这种微攻击性影响。
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引用次数: 0
Laozi’s Ecofeminist Ethos: Bridging Ancient Wisdom with Contemporary Gender and Environmental Justice 老子的生态女性主义伦理:沟通古代智慧与当代性别和环境正义
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050599
Pinghua Liu
This paper delves into the convergence of Laozi’s Daoist mysticism with the principles of ecofeminism, highlighting the potential for ancient wisdom to inform contemporary issues of gender and environmental justice. Through an examination of the Dao De Jing, we uncover insights into a holistic approach to social justice that integrates ecological sustainability and gender equality. Laozi’s teachings, characterized by the principles of Dao, Wu-wei, and Ziran, offer a foundational framework for understanding the interconnectedness of all beings and the importance of living in harmony with the natural world. By analyzing relevant passages and concepts from the Dao De Jing, this paper demonstrates how Daoist philosophy aligns with and enriches ecofeminist values, advocating for a society that honors the balance between humanity and nature and recognizes the integral role of women in achieving environmental and social harmony. This paper presents case studies that illustrate the practical application of Daoist principles in ecological feminist practices, shedding light on the successes and challenges of integrating ancient philosophical insights into modern activism. The fusion of Daoist mysticism and ecofeminism provides a compelling vision for addressing the intertwined challenges of gender inequality and environmental degradation, suggesting pathways toward a more just, sustainable, and harmonious world. In doing so, it calls for a reimagined approach to social justice that is deeply informed by an understanding of ecological sustainability and gender equality as mutually reinforcing goals.
本文深入探讨了老子的道家神秘主义与生态女性主义原则的融合,强调了古老智慧在为当代性别和环境正义问题提供信息方面的潜力。通过对《道德经》的研究,我们发现了一种将生态可持续性和性别平等融为一体的社会正义整体方法。老子的学说以 "道"、"无为 "和 "子然 "为特征,为理解众生的相互联系以及与自然世界和谐相处的重要性提供了一个基础框架。通过分析《道德经》中的相关段落和概念,本文展示了道家哲学如何与生态女性主义价值观保持一致并丰富其内涵,倡导建立一个尊重人与自然平衡的社会,并承认女性在实现环境与社会和谐中不可或缺的作用。本文通过案例研究说明了道教原则在生态女性主义实践中的实际应用,揭示了将古代哲学见解融入现代行动主义的成功与挑战。道教神秘主义与生态女权主义的融合为解决性别不平等与环境退化相互交织的挑战提供了令人信服的愿景,提出了通往更加公正、可持续与和谐世界的途径。在此过程中,它呼吁重新认识社会正义,深刻理解生态可持续性和性别平等这两个相辅相成的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Religious Utopianism: From Othering Reality to Othering People 宗教乌托邦主义:从现实他者化到人的他者化
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050595
Tamara Prosic
This paper intends to make an important contribution to the studies of religious utopianism by considering religions as comprehensive utopian systems which have an ontological and a social utopian mode. It argues that the ontological mode/utopia is related to human finality and that its fantastical content, abstractness and ontological Othering undermine the transformative powers of left religious social utopianism, while it encourages pernicious social Othering in religious fundamentalism. The article has four sections. In Section 1, it clarifies the definition of utopia on which the paper relies and the reasons for this particular choice. Section 2 discusses the religious ontological utopia and religions as utopian systems and utopian programs. Section 3 utilises E. Bloch’s considerations about concrete and abstract utopias to explain the reasons for the incapacity of politically left orientated religious utopianism to function as a revolutionary force. Finally, the Section 4 discusses the way religious fundamentalism employs social Othering as a way of defending the universality of its ontological vision against competing religious and pseudo-religious universals.
本文旨在将宗教视为具有本体论乌托邦模式和社会乌托邦模式的综合乌托邦体系,从而为宗教乌托邦主义研究做出重要贡献。本文认为,本体论模式/乌托邦与人类的终极性有关,其幻想性内容、抽象性和本体论他者化削弱了左翼宗教社会乌托邦主义的变革力量,同时它鼓励了宗教原教旨主义中有害的社会他者化。文章共分四节。第 1 节阐明了本文所依据的乌托邦定义以及做出这一特定选择的原因。第 2 节讨论了宗教本体论乌托邦以及作为乌托邦体系和乌托邦计划的宗教。第三节利用布洛赫(E. Bloch)关于具体乌托邦和抽象乌托邦的思考来解释政治左倾的宗教乌托邦主义无法作为革命力量发挥作用的原因。最后,第4节讨论了宗教原教旨主义如何利用社会他者化(social Othering)来捍卫其本体论愿景的普遍性,以对抗相互竞争的宗教和伪宗教普遍性。
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引用次数: 0
AI and East Asian Philosophical and Religious Traditions: Relationality and Fluidity 人工智能与东亚哲学和宗教传统:关系性与流动性
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050593
Tracy J. Trothen, Pui Lan Kwok, Boyung Lee
This article examines aspects of the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and religion, challenging Western Christian perspectives that warn against playing God and ascribing human and God-like characteristics to AI. Instead of a theistic emphasis, East Asian religious perspectives emphasize concern for the potential implications of AI on communities and relationships. This article argues for the inclusion of perspectives from Chinese and Korean traditions in the growing discourse on AI and religion to adequately address the potential social impacts of AI technologies. First, we describe some of the questions and concerns being posed regarding AI and consider how certain normative interpretations of Western Christianity may influence some of these issues. Second, we discuss the contributions of Asian philosophies and religious traditions, which emphasize relationality and fluidity, to provide alternative approaches to AI. Third, we outline the discussion of AI from Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist traditions, which see the cosmos as an interwoven whole and both humans and the cosmos as evolving. Lastly, we introduce the example of digital resurrection (e.g., deadbots) and consider how the philosophical and theological Korean concept of Jeong might refocus our understanding of the potential impacts of this AI technology.
本文探讨了人工智能(AI)与宗教交汇的各个方面,对西方基督教的观点提出了质疑,这些观点警告人们不要扮演上帝,不要将人类和上帝的特征赋予人工智能。东亚宗教观点并不强调有神论,而是强调关注人工智能对社区和人际关系的潜在影响。本文主张将中国和韩国传统的观点纳入日益增长的人工智能与宗教的讨论中,以充分应对人工智能技术的潜在社会影响。首先,我们描述了有关人工智能的一些问题和担忧,并考虑了西方基督教的某些规范性解释可能会如何影响其中的一些问题。其次,我们讨论了亚洲哲学和宗教传统的贡献,它们强调关系性和流动性,为人工智能提供了替代方法。第三,我们概述了儒家、道家和佛教传统对人工智能的讨论,这些传统认为宇宙是一个相互交织的整体,人类和宇宙都在不断发展。最后,我们将介绍数字复活(如死亡机器人)的例子,并思考韩国哲学和神学中的 "贞"(Jeong)概念可如何重新聚焦我们对这种人工智能技术潜在影响的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Esclavos Indios and the School of Salamanca after the New Laws of 1542 Esclavos Indios 和 1542 年新法之后的萨拉曼卡学校
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050594
Manuel Méndez Alonzo
In 1542, with the promulgation of the New Laws, Spanish authorities made a greater effort to eliminate indigenous slavery in America, after the doubts expressed by various missionaries about the treatment given to the indigenous people by Spanish settlers. However, legally sanctioned slavery among indigenous people continued in the border regions of the Spanish Empire. My interest is to demonstrate that the persistence of this practice did not result in a legal contradiction, but rather was a means of sanctioning rebellious indigenous groups, using arguments of Francisco de Vitoria and other School of Salamanca scholars, especially in places where control of sovereignty was in question. Methodologically, I will use original texts from various sources, such as the minutes of the Cabildo of the Audiencia of Guadalajara, as well as reports on the Chichimeca War by various clerics and jurists who witnessed the conflict, such as Guillermo de Santa María, Jean Focher, and Fulgencia Vique. Temporally, I will focus on the discussion of war and slavery against the nomadic peoples of northern New Spain, known as the Chichimecas. The result was that, for many New Spanish clerics, slavery would serve to punish the supposed crimes of these peoples against peace, and also to change their archaic customs and teach them sedentary and civil life. Finally, I argue that the establishment of indigenous slavery in the northern frontier of New Spain demonstrates the limitations of the Spanish Empire in maintaining its most remote borders, especially when faced with peoples who did not have a civil political life with definable centers and hierarchies.
1542 年,随着《新法》的颁布,西班牙当局加大了消除美洲土著奴隶制的力度,此前,一些传教士对西班牙定居者给予土著人的待遇表示怀疑。然而,在西班牙帝国的边境地区,法律认可的土著人奴隶制仍在继续。我的兴趣在于利用弗朗西斯科-德-维多利亚和萨拉曼卡学派其他学者的论据,证明这种做法的持续存在并没有造成法律矛盾,而是一种制裁反叛土著群体的手段,尤其是在主权控制存在问题的地方。在方法论上,我将使用各种来源的原始文本,如瓜达拉哈拉议会的会议记录,以及见证了冲突的各种神职人员和法学家(如吉列尔莫-德-圣玛丽亚、让-福赫尔和富尔干西亚-维克)关于奇奇梅卡战争的报告。在时间上,我将重点讨论针对新西班牙北部游牧民族(即奇奇美卡人)的战争和奴隶制。结果是,对许多新西班牙教士来说,奴隶制将有助于惩罚这些民族对和平犯下的所谓罪行,还能改变他们陈旧的习俗,教导他们定居和公民生活。最后,我认为,在新西班牙北部边境建立土著奴隶制表明西班牙帝国在维护其最偏远边界方面的局限性,尤其是在面对那些没有明确中心和等级制度的公民政治生活的民族时。
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引用次数: 0
Competing Loyalties in a Contested Space: The Lutheran Middle School in Hunan Province, 1907–1914 竞争空间中的忠诚之争:湖南省信义中学,1907-1914 年
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050589
Silje Dragsund Aase
This study explores the complexities of mission-state and church-state relations from a micro-level perspective, asking how the missionaries, teachers, and pupils at the Lutheran Middle School in Hunan Province negotiated conflicting claims on church membership and national citizenship. However, Hunan is not a microcosm of modern China. When dealing with nationalism in a Hunanese context, it is sometimes more accurate to speak of Hunanese nationalism rather than Chinese nationalism. This micro-level case study sheds light on the general trends of changing mission-state and church-state encounters, but it also emphasizes unexpected expressions of local Christianity in a context that has not so far been given much scholarly attention.
本研究从微观层面探讨了传教士-国家和教会-国家关系的复杂性,询问湖南省信义中学的传教士、教师和学生如何就教会成员身份和国家公民身份的冲突诉求进行谈判。然而,湖南并非现代中国的缩影。在处理湖南背景下的民族主义时,有时更准确的说法是湖南的民族主义,而不是中国的民族主义。这项微观个案研究揭示了传教士-国家和教会-国家之间不断变化的总体趋势,同时也强调了在迄今为止学术界尚未给予太多关注的背景下当地基督教意想不到的表现形式。
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引用次数: 0
Science-Engaged Thomism 以科学为导向的托马斯主义
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050591
S. Kopf
This article discusses a form of Thomism that has emerged in the field of science and theology, which is termed “Science-Engaged Thomism” (SETh), following the recent and growing movement of Science-Engaged Theology (SET). After a brief introduction of SET, various definitions and essential features of SET and SETh are introduced and discussed, highlighting their similarities and differences. To showcase the latter, the article presents recent examples of SETh. The objective is to suggest that SETh is a form of Thomism, although not necessarily a new form of Thomism. As such, SETh might be considered a complementary approach to SET.
本文讨论了科学与神学领域出现的一种托马斯主义形式,即 "科学参与的托马斯主义"(SETh),这是继最近日益兴起的 "科学参与的神学"(SET)运动之后出现的。在简要介绍了 SET 之后,文章介绍并讨论了 SET 和 SETh 的各种定义和基本特征,强调了它们的异同。为了展示后者,文章介绍了 SETh 的最新实例。文章旨在指出 SETh 是托马斯主义的一种形式,尽管不一定是托马斯主义的新形式。因此,可以将 SETh 视为 SET 的一种补充方法。
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引用次数: 0
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