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Nomenclatural changes for two spider genera as a consequence of homonymy (Arachnida: Araneae) 蜘蛛属的命名变化(蛛形纲:蛛形目)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2022.19.1.14
F. Ceccolini, F. Cianferoni
Abstract One junior homonym was detected in the order Araneae where no junior synonym could be used and the following replacement name is therefore proposed: Pholcitrichocyclus Ceccolini & Cianferoni nom. nov. pro Trichocyclus Simon, 1908 nec Eschscholtz, 1825 nec Günther, 1870. The genus Leucognatha Wunderlich, 1992 is revalidated to resolve the homonym Sancus Tullgren, 1910 nec Sancus de Nicéville, 1891.
摘要在蜘蛛目中发现了一个低级同音异义,但不能使用低级同音异义,因此提出了以下替代名称:phocitrichocyclus Ceccolini & Cianferoni nom. nov. pro Trichocyclus Simon, 1908 nec Eschscholtz, 1825 nec g nther, 1870。Leucognatha Wunderlich属,1992年被重新验证,以解决同音词Sancus Tullgren, 1910年和Sancus de nic维尔,1891年。
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引用次数: 1
Notes on the distribution and ecoregion associations of ant-like jumping spiders of the tribe Sarindini Simon, 1901, with a correction of the distribution of Sympolymnia shinahota Perger & Rubio 2021 (Simonellini) (Araneae: Salticidae) Sarindini Simon部落蚁状跳蛛的分布和生态关联注释,1901,附有对Sympolymnia shinahota Perger & Rubio 2021 (Simonellini)分布的更正(蜘蛛目:蜘蛛科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2022.19.1.20
Robert Perger, Gonzalo D. Rubio
Abstract Sampling in five locations in four forest ecoregions of Bolivia revealed seven species of the ant-like jumping spider tribe Sarindini. Six species, Martella utingae, Sarinda armata, Sarinda marcosi, Simprulla argentina, Simprulla nigricolor, and Zuniga magna, are reported for Bolivia for the first time. The new Bolivian records for M. utingae, S. armata, and S. nigricolor considerably extend the distributional ranges of these species, and the new record for Z. magna shortens a large gap in the known distribution. While the dry diagonal that separates Amazon and Atlantic forests does not appear to act as a dispersal barrier for several Sarindini species, other species appear to be restricted to the areas north or south of the dry diagonal, respectively. Accordingly, high species richness in Bolivian Sarindini may be attributed to the presence of wide spread generalist species and the meeting of several super-regions with their respective faunal elements in Bolivia.
在玻利维亚4个森林生态区的5个地点进行采样,发现了7种类似蚂蚁的跳蛛部落Sarindini。在玻利维亚首次报道了6种,分别为Martella utingae、Sarinda armata、Sarinda marcosi、Simprulla argentina、Simprulla nigricolor和Zuniga magna。玻利维亚新记录的M. utingae、S. armata和S. nigricolor大大扩展了这些物种的分布范围,而Z. magna的新记录缩短了已知分布的很大空白。虽然分隔亚马逊和大西洋森林的干燥对角线似乎并没有成为一些沙林迪尼物种的扩散屏障,但其他物种似乎分别局限于干燥对角线的北部或南部地区。因此,玻利维亚沙林迪尼的高物种丰富度可能是由于广泛分布的多面手物种和在玻利维亚具有各自区系元素的几个超级区域的相遇。
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引用次数: 0
Hidden among the prickles: new records and updated distribution of Tmarus longicaudatus Millot, 1942 (Araneae: Thomisidae) 隐藏在刺丛中的田鼠的新记录和最新分布,1942(蜘蛛目:田鼠科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2022.19.1.1
Arnau Calatayud‐Mascarell, Pedro Alonso-Alonso, Z. Boratyński, A. Dippenaar-Schoeman, M. Pabijan, Xabier Salgado-Irazabal
Abstract We report the first records of the poorly known crab spider Tmarus longicaudatus Millot, 1942 in Mauritania, Namibia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The new record in Mauritania extends the distribution of the species by almost 2750 km to the west from the closest and type locality in Niger. The new record in Namibia is 1000 km north of the closest locality in South Africa. New records in the UAE are more than 900 km east of the closest locality in central Saudi Arabia. Using all available records, we present the known distribution of the species and its climate-based predicted range, indicating a wide distribution in arid to semi-arid regions. Considering its wide expected distribution, extending throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, integrative taxonomic studies are needed to clarify the species status of this masquerading spider.
摘要本文报道了1942年在毛里塔尼亚、纳米比亚和阿拉伯联合酋长国首次发现的鲜为人知的蟹蛛Tmarus longicaudatus Millot。毛里塔尼亚的新记录将该物种的分布范围从尼日尔最近的类型区向西扩展了近2750公里。纳米比亚的新纪录位于南非最近地点以北1000公里处。阿联酋的新纪录位于沙特阿拉伯中部最近的地点以东900多公里处。利用现有资料,给出了该物种的已知分布及其基于气候的预测范围,表明该物种在干旱至半干旱地区分布广泛。考虑到其广泛的预期分布,延伸到整个非洲和阿拉伯半岛,需要综合分类研究来澄清这种伪装蜘蛛的物种地位。
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引用次数: 0
First documentation of Plexippus minor Wesołowska & van Harten, 2010 (Araneae: Salticidae) from India 印度丛蜂属(Plexippus minor) Wesołowska & van Harten, 2010(蜘蛛目:沙蜂科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2022.19.1.66
Abstract The jumping spider species Plexippus minor Wesołowska & van Harten, 2010, known from the United Arab Emirates is here reported from India, from the Desert National Park Wildlife Sanctuary in the state of Rajasthan. Detailed redescriptions with high quality illustrations of both Indian and type specimens of P. minor, including 3D models of the type, are presented, and the distribution is updated. This work increases the number of Plexippus species in India to seven.
摘要:印度拉贾斯坦邦沙漠国家公园野生动物保护区报道了阿拉伯联合酋长国的跳蛛物种Plexippus minor Wesołowska & van Harten, 2010。详细的重新描述与高质量的插图,包括该类型的3D模型的印度和模式标本,并更新了分布。这项工作使印度的丛属物种增加到7种。
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引用次数: 2
Redescription of the theraphosine Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903 and description of four new species of Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 from Peru and Bolivia (Araneae: Theraphosidae) 秘鲁和玻利维亚Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903的再描述及4新种记述(蜘蛛目:蜥螨科)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2021.18.9.965
D. Sherwood, N. Ferretti, R. Gabriel, R. West
Abstract The holotype of Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903 is redescribed. Four new species of the genus Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 are described: Hapalotremus apasanka sp. nov., Hapalotremus hananqheswa sp. nov., and Hapalotremus kaderkai sp. nov. from Peru, and Hapalotremus yuraqchanka sp. nov. from Bolivia. Discussion on palpal bulb morphology, ontogenetic spermathecal morphology, and biogeography is presented. Historical information about collectors and comments on the accession numbers and other label information of historical specimens is also presented.
摘要对Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903的全型进行了重新描述。记述了秘鲁Hapalotremus apasanka sp. nov、Hapalotremus hananqheswa sp. nov、Hapalotremus kaderkai sp. nov和玻利维亚Hapalotremus yuraqchanka sp. nov四新种。讨论了触须球形态、个体发生精囊形态和生物地理学。还提供了有关收藏者的历史信息和对历史标本的加入号和其他标签信息的评论。
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引用次数: 4
First record of Bolostromus panamanus (Petrunkevitch, 1925) (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Cyrtaucheniidae) from Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加巴拿马Bolostromus panamanus (Petrunkevitch, 1925)(蜘蛛目:mygalomorae: cytaucheniidae)首次记录
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2021.18.9.1017
Arnau Calatayud‐Mascarell, Pedro Alonso-Alonso, J. Korba
Abstract The poorly known species of wafer-lid trapdoor spider Bolostromus panamanus (Petrunkevitch, 1925) (Mygalomorphae: Cyrtaucheniidae) is formally reported from Costa Rica for the first time, based on a female collected in Puerto Viejo de Talamanca. The specimen is described and the first pictures of a living specimen, diagnostic traits, and spermathecae of the species are provided
摘要根据在Puerto Viejo de Talamanca采集的一只雌蜘蛛,首次在哥斯达黎加正式报道了一种鲜为人知的圆盖活门蜘蛛(Bolostromus panamanus, Petrunkevitch, 1925) (mygalomorae: Cyrtaucheniidae)。描述了该标本,并提供了该物种的活标本、诊断特征和精子的第一张图片
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引用次数: 1
Record of mygalomorph spider (Araneae: Theraphosidae) predation by a scorpion (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest 巴西季节性干燥热带森林中mygalomorph蜘蛛(蜘蛛目:刺蛛科)被蝎子(蝎目:刺蛛科)捕食的记录
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2021.18.9.1068
Aleson Aparecido da Silva, C. Rohde, André Felipe de Araujo Lira
An adult female of the buthid scorpion Tityus stigmurus Thorell, 1876 was found in the Caatinga vegetation (c. 20 cm height), feeding on a juvenile of the mygalomorph genus Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 (Fig. 1). Because of the difficulty in identifying juveniles, the spider was classified to the genus level only. Dolichothele is represented by 11 small to medium-sized species, with no urticating setae (Valencia-Cuellar et al. 2019; World Spider Catalog 2021). These spiders are typically found under rocks, fallen trunks, and in naturally formed crevices (Valencia-Cuellar et al. 2019). In the Caatinga, all these microhabitats are also occupied by T. stigmurus scorpions (Lira, Souza &Albuquerque 2018).
在Caatinga植被中发现了一只1876年成年雌蝎Tityus stimurus Thorell(约20 cm高),它以mygalomorph属Dolichothele mello - leit o, 1923年的幼蜘蛛为食(图1)。由于幼蜘蛛难以识别,因此该蜘蛛仅被分类为属级。Dolichothele以11个中小型物种为代表,没有荨麻疹的刚毛(Valencia-Cuellar et al. 2019;《世界蜘蛛目录》(2021)。这些蜘蛛通常在岩石、倒下的树干和自然形成的裂缝中发现(Valencia-Cuellar et al. 2019)。在Caatinga,所有这些微栖息地也都被T. stigmurus蝎子占据(Lira, Souza &Albuquerque 2018)。
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引用次数: 1
Sexual dimorphism and static allometry in the South African scorpion Opistophthalmus karrooensis 南非蝎的两性二态性和静态异速发育
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2021.18.9.1057
J. Visser, S. Geerts
Abstract Sexual dimorphism in scorpions is generally retrieved for a similar subset of body parts and is presumed to result from alternative types of selection operating on homologous structures in each sex. Even so, investigations which use static allometry as a method for testing specific hypotheses relating to selection remain limited. Sexual dimorphism in the majority of South African scorpion species is poorly investigated, especially in the genus Opistophthalmus, of which the endemic Karoo burrowing scorpion O. karrooensis is nearly completely data deficient. The current study investigates patterns of sexual dimorphism and static allometry in O. karrooensis, based on external morphology. Following character scaling on carapace length, patterns of sexual dimorphism in this species indicate the elongation of male appendages (pedipalp segments, legs, pectines, metasoma, and telson), while females display wider bodies and wide, thick pedipalp segments. These patterns possibly point to an enhanced reproductive output and parental care in females, coupled to a sedentary lifestyle and generalist feeding strategy. Conversely, the male morphology is likely adapted for greater vagility, but should also function during mate-trailing and sexual interactions. In line with these explanations, the body parts in both sexes indicate static allometric patterns pointing (at least in part) to the potential influence of either natural or sexual selection, but further reveal the possibility of intense selection on a number of body parts. Taken together, the selective forces which shape scorpion morphology may be complex, relating to multiple functions of body parts and life-history differences between the sexes.
摘要:蝎子的两性二态性通常是在身体部位的相似子集中检索到的,并且被认为是在每种性别的同源结构上运行的替代选择类型的结果。即便如此,使用静态异速生长作为检验与选择有关的特定假设的方法的研究仍然有限。大多数南非蝎子的性别二型性调查很少,特别是在Opistophthalmus属,其中特有的Karoo穴居蝎子O. karrooensis几乎完全缺乏数据。目前的研究基于外部形态调查了O. karrooensis的两性二态性和静态异速生长模式。根据甲壳长度的特征尺度,雌雄二态模式表明雄性附属物(肢节、腿、果胶、瘤和肢节)的伸长,而雌性则表现出更宽的身体和更宽、更厚的肢节。这些模式可能表明,女性的繁殖能力和亲代照顾能力有所提高,再加上久坐不动的生活方式和多样化的喂养策略。相反,雄性的形态可能适应更大的灵活性,但也应该在配偶追踪和性互动中发挥作用。与这些解释一致,两性的身体部位都显示出静态异速模式(至少部分地)指向自然选择或性选择的潜在影响,但进一步揭示了许多身体部位存在激烈选择的可能性。总之,形成蝎子形态的选择力可能是复杂的,与身体部位的多种功能和两性之间的生活史差异有关。
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引用次数: 0
Wind effects on web structure of grass spiders Agelenopsis actuosa 风对草蛛网结构的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2021.18.9.993
Jacob C. Ulrich
Abstract Habitat selection can be influenced by abiotic factors such as rain and wind. Spiders build webs that are subjected to wind, thus making habitat selection that much more important for individual spiders. I examined the webs of the grass spider Agelenopsis actuosa (Gertsch & Ivie, 1936), to determine whether they differed in shape, size, and attachment points in short versus tall vegetation in the same general area. I hypothesized that short-grass webs would be larger in diameter, closer to the ground, have more numerous attachments to vegetation, and have specific orientations that accounted for the dominant wind directions. Webs in short grass were significantly shorter in diameter (mean short = 23 ± 6 cm, mean tall = 25 ± 6 cm), lower to the ground (mean short = 7 + 3 cm, mean tall = 17 + 5 cm), and had more numerous attachments (mean short = 24 + 6 attachments, mean tall = 10 + 2 attachments) than webs in tall grass. Short-grass webs were significantly oriented towards north while tall-grass webs showed no significant web orientation. My findings suggest that short-grass webs were smaller because of the wind, and are a predictable circular shape with more attachments. Tall-grass webs were a longer oval in shape, with fewer attachments. Webs are possibly more rigid in short grass with significant orientation perpendicular to the dominant wind direction, possibly for spider thermoregulation.
生境选择受雨、风等非生物因素的影响。蜘蛛结的网受风的影响,因此对单个蜘蛛来说,栖息地的选择更加重要。我检查了草蛛Agelenopsis actuosa (Gertsch & Ivie, 1936)的网,以确定它们在同一地区的矮和高植被上的形状、大小和附着点是否不同。我假设短草网直径更大,离地面更近,与植被有更多的附着物,并且有特定的方向,可以解释主要的风向。矮草网直径短(平均短= 23±6 cm,平均高= 25±6 cm),离地低(平均短= 7 + 3 cm,平均高= 17 + 5 cm),附着物多(平均短= 24 + 6个,平均高= 10 + 2个),显著高于高草网。矮草网向北取向显著,而高草网向北取向不显著。我的研究结果表明,由于风的影响,短草网更小,而且是一个可预测的圆形,有更多的附着物。高草网的形状较长,呈椭圆形,附着物较少。在垂直于主要风向的短草中,蜘蛛网可能更加坚硬,可能是为了调节蜘蛛的体温。
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引用次数: 2
Five new jumping spiders from Nigeria (Araneae: Salticidae: Thiratoscirtina) 尼日利亚五种新跳蛛(蜘蛛目:跳蛛科:跳蛛亚目)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.13156/arac.2021.18.9.998
W. Wesołowska
Abstract Three new genera of salticids are established: Detalik gen. n., Drobinka gen. n., and Malizna gen. n. Five new species of thiratoscirtine jumping spiders from Nigeria are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: Detalik anthonyi sp. n. (♂♀), D. ibadan sp. n. (♂), D. idanrensis sp. n. (♀), Drobinka parvula sp. n. (♂♀), and Malizna admirabilis sp n. (♂♀). The last species is also found in Uganda.
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引用次数: 1
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Arachnology
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