Alex I. Macdougall, J. Veen, Allard R. Feddes, L. Nickolson, B. Doosje
Radicalising individuals gradually accept violence as legitimate to instigate political and/or societal changes. In two studies, we investigate the beginning phase of the radicalisation process. We examine whether different trajectories into radicalism can be distinguished based on underlying needs, related to identity, injustice, sensation, or significance. Study 1 (N = 179, Mage = 37.6, SDage = 12.1, Rangeage 19–75 years, 46.4% female) investigated the relation between these psychological needs and risk factors of radicalisation such as relative deprivation. Study 2 (N = 183, Mage = 27.2, SDage = 12.0, Rangeage 18–81 years, 53.0% female) examined whether individuals are attracted to organisations that cater to their own psychological needs, and whether individuals who are thought to be more at risk indeed support violent organisations to a greater extent. Findings indicate that individuals with stronger desires for justice and status are attracted to organisations that can gratify such desires. In addition, at-risk individuals indeed support violent organisations to a greater extent. The implications of these findings for future research and government policy are discussed.
{"title":"Different Strokes for Different Folks: The Role of Psychological Needs and Other Risk Factors in Early Radicalisation","authors":"Alex I. Macdougall, J. Veen, Allard R. Feddes, L. Nickolson, B. Doosje","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170232","url":null,"abstract":"Radicalising individuals gradually accept violence as legitimate to instigate political and/or societal changes. In two studies, we investigate the beginning phase of the radicalisation process. We examine whether different trajectories into radicalism can be distinguished based on underlying needs, related to identity, injustice, sensation, or significance. Study 1 (N = 179, Mage = 37.6, SDage = 12.1, Rangeage 19–75 years, 46.4% female) investigated the relation between these psychological needs and risk factors of radicalisation such as relative deprivation. Study 2 (N = 183, Mage = 27.2, SDage = 12.0, Rangeage 18–81 years, 53.0% female) examined whether individuals are attracted to organisations that cater to their own psychological needs, and whether individuals who are thought to be more at risk indeed support violent organisations to a greater extent. Findings indicate that individuals with stronger desires for justice and status are attracted to organisations that can gratify such desires. In addition, at-risk individuals indeed support violent organisations to a greater extent. The implications of these findings for future research and government policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47417829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endorsement for Extremism, Exposure to Extremism via Social Media and Self-Reported Political/Religious Aggression","authors":"L. Pauwels, Wim Hardyns","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41978745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extreme Right Women, (Dis-)Engagement and Deradicalisation: Findings from a Qualitative Study","authors":"de Wetering, A. Zick, Hannah Mietke","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47243896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma A. Bäck, H. Bäck, Niklas Altermark, Holly Knapton
It is a human fundamental to desire to be valued, loved and respected - to be significant. Social exclusion induce significance loss which elicits a 'quest for significance' - the search for opportunities to re-gain significance. The present article establishes this relation in a laboratory experiment (N = 71, mean age = 28, SD = 10.42, 65% women, 35% men), showing that socially excluded individuals who are subsequently included by a radical group, adapt their attitudes in line with this group. We use a modified version of the well-known paradigm 'Cyberball' to elicit the quest for significance. The results show that when experiencing social exclusion, highly rejection sensitive individuals tend to adapt to the radical group's opinions. The results are important, highlighting a mechanism in the radicalization process and the importance of taking social factors into account in this process. (Less)
{"title":"The Quest for Significance: Attitude Adaption to a Radical Group Following Social Exclusion","authors":"Emma A. Bäck, H. Bäck, Niklas Altermark, Holly Knapton","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170230","url":null,"abstract":"It is a human fundamental to desire to be valued, loved and respected - to be significant. Social exclusion induce significance loss which elicits a 'quest for significance' - the search for opportunities to re-gain significance. The present article establishes this relation in a laboratory experiment (N = 71, mean age = 28, SD = 10.42, 65% women, 35% men), showing that socially excluded individuals who are subsequently included by a radical group, adapt their attitudes in line with this group. We use a modified version of the well-known paradigm 'Cyberball' to elicit the quest for significance. The results show that when experiencing social exclusion, highly rejection sensitive individuals tend to adapt to the radical group's opinions. The results are important, highlighting a mechanism in the radicalization process and the importance of taking social factors into account in this process. (Less)","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45191341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protective Factors Against Extremism and Violent Radicalization: A Systematic Review of Research","authors":"F. Lösel, Sonja King, D. Bender, Irina Jugl","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Scheithauer, Vincenz Leuschner, Nils Böckler, Babak Akhgar, Holger Nitsch
Over the last decade, a tremendous amount of papers have been published, dealing with the concept “radicalization”. Radicalization can be defined as “a personal process in which individuals adopt extreme political, social, and/or religious ideals and aspirations, and where the attainment of particular goals justifies the use of indiscriminate violence” which may lead to “a mental and emotional process that prepares and motivates an individual to pursue violent behavior” (Wilner & Dubouloz, 2010, p. 38). Recently the main focus of the literature has been
在过去的十年里，发表了大量的论文，讨论“激进化”这个概念。激进化可以被定义为“一种个人过程，在这种过程中，个人采用极端的政治、社会和/或宗教理想和愿望，并且在实现特定目标的过程中证明使用不分青红皂白的暴力是正当的”，这可能导致“一种心理和情感过程，准备和激励个人追求暴力行为”(Wilner & Dubouloz, 2010, p. 38)。近年来，文献的主要焦点是
{"title":"Developmental Pathways towards Violent Left-, Right-Wing, Islamist Extremism and Radicalization","authors":"H. Scheithauer, Vincenz Leuschner, Nils Böckler, Babak Akhgar, Holger Nitsch","doi":"10.3233/DEV-189001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-189001","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, a tremendous amount of papers have been published, dealing with the concept “radicalization”. Radicalization can be defined as “a personal process in which individuals adopt extreme political, social, and/or religious ideals and aspirations, and where the attainment of particular goals justifies the use of indiscriminate violence” which may lead to “a mental and emotional process that prepares and motivates an individual to pursue violent behavior” (Wilner & Dubouloz, 2010, p. 38). Recently the main focus of the literature has been","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-189001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47096732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aysun Doğan, Eda Keser, Zeynep Şen, T. Yanagida, Petra Gradinger, Dagmar Strohmeier
The ViSC program is the first evidence based anti-bullying program implemented in Turkey. A quasi-experimental longitudinal control group design comprising six schools and 26 classes was realized to examine the program effectiveness regarding different forms of perpetration and victimization. The effectiveness of two dosages of interventions – school and class level vs. school level – was investigated. In total, 642 grade 5 students (227 in school and class level, 201 in school level, 214 in control group, 49% girls, Mage = 10.06) participated. Multilevel growth models revealed baseline effects indicating that the two intervention groups had lower levels of perpetration and victimization at pre-test than the controls. Perpetration and victimization increased in the two intervention groups compared to control group between preand post-test, but also decreased between post-test and follow-up indicating a sensitizing effect of the program. Results are important for both intervention research and social policy in Turkey.
{"title":"Evidence Based Bullying Prevention in Turkey: Implementation of the ViSC Social Competence Program","authors":"Aysun Doğan, Eda Keser, Zeynep Şen, T. Yanagida, Petra Gradinger, Dagmar Strohmeier","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170223","url":null,"abstract":"The ViSC program is the first evidence based anti-bullying program implemented in Turkey. A quasi-experimental longitudinal control group design comprising six schools and 26 classes was realized to examine the program effectiveness regarding different forms of perpetration and victimization. The effectiveness of two dosages of interventions – school and class level vs. school level – was investigated. In total, 642 grade 5 students (227 in school and class level, 201 in school level, 214 in control group, 49% girls, Mage = 10.06) participated. Multilevel growth models revealed baseline effects indicating that the two intervention groups had lower levels of perpetration and victimization at pre-test than the controls. Perpetration and victimization increased in the two intervention groups compared to control group between preand post-test, but also decreased between post-test and follow-up indicating a sensitizing effect of the program. Results are important for both intervention research and social policy in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"93-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44394684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-National Data on Victims of Bullying: How does PISA Measure up with Other Surveys? An Update and Extension of the Study by Smith, Robinson, and Marchi (2016)","authors":"P. Smith, Leticia López-Castro","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46728726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated the associations between bullying perpetration and victimization and physiological reactivity to social exclusion. The participants were 28 early adolescents (17 boys and 11 girls; Mage= 11.55; SD = 1.34). Bullying perpetration and victimization were assessed by peer nominations. To elicit social exclusion, participants were first included and then excluded in a laboratory paradigm (Cyberball). Physiological reactivity (i.e., nose tip temperature) was detected through thermal infrared imaging during the computer simulation. Nose temperature variations during inclusion and exclusion were compared between each other. Results showed increasing skin temperature during exclusion, compared to inclusion, for the whole sample, indicating that being excluded affected physiological reactivity. However, victimization was associated with higher skin temperature during exclusion, compared to bullying. The present findings suggest the importance of combining behavioral and contact-free physiological measures when studying bullying perpetration and victimization by peers.
{"title":"Bullying Perpetration and Victimization in Early Adolescence: Physiological Response to Social Exclusion","authors":"A. Mazzone, M. Camodeca, D. Cardone, A. Merla","doi":"10.3233/DEV-170225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-170225","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the associations between bullying perpetration and victimization and physiological reactivity to social exclusion. The participants were 28 early adolescents (17 boys and 11 girls; Mage= 11.55; SD = 1.34). Bullying perpetration and victimization were assessed by peer nominations. To elicit social exclusion, participants were first included and then excluded in a laboratory paradigm (Cyberball). Physiological reactivity (i.e., nose tip temperature) was detected through thermal infrared imaging during the computer simulation. Nose temperature variations during inclusion and exclusion were compared between each other. Results showed increasing skin temperature during exclusion, compared to inclusion, for the whole sample, indicating that being excluded affected physiological reactivity. However, victimization was associated with higher skin temperature during exclusion, compared to bullying. The present findings suggest the importance of combining behavioral and contact-free physiological measures when studying bullying perpetration and victimization by peers.","PeriodicalId":38324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Developmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/DEV-170225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43578941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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