e proclamation of independence (May 9/21, 1877) represented a decisive moment in the evolution of modern Romania, a prerequisite for the Romanian state unity. While the international status of Romania had been established by the 1856 Treaty of Paris, its independence had to be recognized by the seven signatory state powers whose reactions have varied according to their position concerning the „Eastern Question”. e proclamation of Romanian State Independence wasn’t well received by Europe, being accomplished without its will and even contrary to its interests due to the fact that the emancipation of small European peoples tendency, carried out without the consent of the great powers, was not well-regarded. e Romanian separation from the Ottoman Empire was an act of great courage, especially that this was implying the transformation of the whole European Political map. Although in Berlin, both Romania, as well as the other South-Eastern European states, have managed to obtain only small parts of their solicitations, the recognition of the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and the signi"cant improvement of the situation of the Bulgarians, through the creation of the Autonomous Principality of Bulgaria, had great importance. e recognition of the Romanian State Independence brought a new international statute, thus becoming both subject of international a#airs, as well as a matter of international law. is meant that Romania received, at least theoretically, legal equality with the other sovereign states, no state having the right to interfere in the a#airs carried out by the Romanian state, both internally, as well as externally. e Romanian diplomacy, enlivened by a deep patriotism, defended with dignity the interests of the tiny state which was representing in front of the diplomats of the great powers of the time, exponents of an unfavorable or even hostile foreign policy towards the small and medium-sized countries.
{"title":"Aspecte diplomatice privind recunoaşterea internaţională a independenţei depline a Romaniei / Diplomatic aspects concerning the recognition of the International Romanian State Independence","authors":"T. Mot","doi":"10.55201/kxpa1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/kxpa1145","url":null,"abstract":"e proclamation of independence (May 9/21, 1877) represented a decisive moment in the evolution of modern Romania, a prerequisite for the Romanian state unity. While the international status of Romania had been established by the 1856 Treaty of Paris, its independence had to be recognized by the seven signatory state powers whose reactions have varied according to their position concerning the „Eastern Question”. e proclamation of Romanian State Independence wasn’t well received by Europe, being accomplished without its will and even contrary to its interests due to the fact that the emancipation of small European peoples tendency, carried out without the consent of the great powers, was not well-regarded. e Romanian separation from the Ottoman Empire was an act of great courage, especially that this was implying the transformation of the whole European Political map. Although in Berlin, both Romania, as well as the other South-Eastern European states, have managed to obtain only small parts of their solicitations, the recognition of the independence of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro and the signi\"cant improvement of the situation of the Bulgarians, through the creation of the Autonomous Principality of Bulgaria, had great importance. e recognition of the Romanian State Independence brought a new international statute, thus becoming both subject of international a#airs, as well as a matter of international law. is meant that Romania received, at least theoretically, legal equality with the other sovereign states, no state having the right to interfere in the a#airs carried out by the Romanian state, both internally, as well as externally. e Romanian diplomacy, enlivened by a deep patriotism, defended with dignity the interests of the tiny state which was representing in front of the diplomats of the great powers of the time, exponents of an unfavorable or even hostile foreign policy towards the small and medium-sized countries.","PeriodicalId":383374,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVI 2018","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131312695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
e Void is a fundamental notion in the tradition of milenary wisdom that dessignates Nothingness, Non-being or those determinations that are opposed to existence. Vacuity or the Void is a central ontological category to many philosophical sistems and spiritual traditions (budism, platonism, early mystical christianity, Hegel’s philosophy). Many physicists including Harold Aspen, Paul Dirac, Shiuji Inomata and omas Bearden have postulated the existance of void as a real energetic "eld. is article o#ers a short description of the traditional chinese painting that was viewed as a philosophy that combines symbols and cosmic elements to express the soul and inner movements of creation. e void in chinese paintings represents the space that is not created, or the space that was not touched by ink, often depicted as clouds, fog, water Fig.1. Artists of the artistic avangard of XX century are included, such as: Kazimir Malevici, Piet Mondrian, Paul Klee, Mark Rothko, Yves Klein, Barnett Newman, contemporary artist Anish Kapoor, Lee Ufan. ey explored new ways, new regions, they found new possibilities to create and express the unseen and the space that is behind existence and sustains it. ese are part of the artists that have created works of art by destroing the object into art, with the purpose to bring closer the art to the inner truth of conscience, reaching to total abstraction the art is absorbed by the life of spirit that animates all creation. ey had the intuition that reality is not what is seems, and it is much more than we are able to perceive, it is mysterious, animated by the vital breaths1, and so the painting becomes a microcosmos that mirrors the macrocosmos.
空是千年智慧传统中的一个基本概念，它指的是虚无、非存在或那些与存在相对立的决定。虚空是许多哲学体系和精神传统(佛教、柏拉图主义、早期神秘基督教、黑格尔哲学)的中心本体论范畴。包括Harold Aspen, Paul Dirac, Shiuji Inomata和omas Bearden在内的许多物理学家都假设空是一个真正的能量“场”。他的文章是对传统中国画的简短描述，中国画被视为一种结合符号和宇宙元素来表达创作灵魂和内在运动的哲学。中国画中的空指的是没有被创造出来的空间，或者是没有被水墨触及的空间，通常被描绘成云、雾、水。包括20世纪艺术先锋艺术家，如:Kazimir malevevi, Piet Mondrian, Paul Klee, Mark Rothko, Yves Klein, Barnett Newman，当代艺术家Anish Kapoor, Lee Ufan。他们探索新的方式，新的区域，他们发现了新的可能性来创造和表达看不见的东西和存在背后的空间，并维持着它。Ese是艺术家的一部分，他们通过将物体摧毁为艺术来创造艺术作品，目的是使艺术更接近良心的内在真理，达到完全抽象，艺术被赋予所有创造活力的精神生命所吸收。我有一种直觉，那就是现实并不是我们所看到的那样，它比我们所能感知的要多得多，它是神秘的，被生命的呼吸所激活，所以这幅画就变成了一个反映宏观世界的微观世界。
{"title":"Conceptul de vid in arta modernă şi contemporană / Concept of Void in Modern and Contemporary Art","authors":"Ana Giulia Delcea","doi":"10.55201/vciv4105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/vciv4105","url":null,"abstract":"e Void is a fundamental notion in the tradition of milenary wisdom that dessignates Nothingness, Non-being or those determinations that are opposed to existence. Vacuity or the Void is a central ontological category to many philosophical sistems and spiritual traditions (budism, platonism, early mystical christianity, Hegel’s philosophy). Many physicists including Harold Aspen, Paul Dirac, Shiuji Inomata and omas Bearden have postulated the existance of void as a real energetic \"eld. is article o#ers a short description of the traditional chinese painting that was viewed as a philosophy that combines symbols and cosmic elements to express the soul and inner movements of creation. e void in chinese paintings represents the space that is not created, or the space that was not touched by ink, often depicted as clouds, fog, water Fig.1. Artists of the artistic avangard of XX century are included, such as: Kazimir Malevici, Piet Mondrian, Paul Klee, Mark Rothko, Yves Klein, Barnett Newman, contemporary artist Anish Kapoor, Lee Ufan. ey explored new ways, new regions, they found new possibilities to create and express the unseen and the space that is behind existence and sustains it. ese are part of the artists that have created works of art by destroing the object into art, with the purpose to bring closer the art to the inner truth of conscience, reaching to total abstraction the art is absorbed by the life of spirit that animates all creation. ey had the intuition that reality is not what is seems, and it is much more than we are able to perceive, it is mysterious, animated by the vital breaths1, and so the painting becomes a microcosmos that mirrors the macrocosmos.","PeriodicalId":383374,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVI 2018","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134167063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marius Oanţă (coordonator), Studii de Istorie Eclesiastică, Craiova, Editura Sitech, 2018, 320 p.","authors":"C. Călin","doi":"10.55201/bwcq7253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/bwcq7253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383374,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVI 2018","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126903714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the conquest of Timişoara by the Habsburgs in 1716, the new administration of the province proceeded with the organisation of the region, even before the Peace of Passarowitz (1718) o"cially awarded the Banat region and its capital Timişoara to the Habsburg Empire. #e present instruction, issued on October 7, 1717, was addressed to Alexander von Kallanek and Ignatz Hahn, which were appointed as the members of a commission meant to prepare the permanent organisation of the imperial province Banat of Temes. #ese dispositions of the central authorities from Vienna were partially modi$ed later, but that comes as no surprise given the fact that, in spite of reports received from Banat, they did not yet fully know the real situation of this region. #e present study handles di%erent aspects, regarding the initial organisation of the province e.g. administrative, demographic or religious aspects.
{"title":"Instrucţiune privind organizarea Banatului Timişan (7 octombrie 1717) / Instruction regarding the organisation of Banat of Temes region (October 7, 1717)","authors":"Ciprian Glăvan","doi":"10.55201/yrri9367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/yrri9367","url":null,"abstract":"After the conquest of Timişoara by the Habsburgs in 1716, the new administration of the province proceeded with the organisation of the region, even before the Peace of Passarowitz (1718) o\"cially awarded the Banat region and its capital Timişoara to the Habsburg Empire. #e present instruction, issued on October 7, 1717, was addressed to Alexander von Kallanek and Ignatz Hahn, which were appointed as the members of a commission meant to prepare the permanent organisation of the imperial province Banat of Temes. #ese dispositions of the central authorities from Vienna were partially modi$ed later, but that comes as no surprise given the fact that, in spite of reports received from Banat, they did not yet fully know the real situation of this region. #e present study handles di%erent aspects, regarding the initial organisation of the province e.g. administrative, demographic or religious aspects.","PeriodicalId":383374,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVI 2018","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132429119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1932, the “Working Group on Genetic Biology” (Die Erbbiologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft) was established at the Anthropological Institute of the University of Vienna (Anthropologisches Institut, Universität Wien) under Josef Weninger (1886–1959).!is paper discusses the anthropological research carried out by this Working Group during the winter of 1933–34 in the village of Marienfeld (Teremia-Mare) in the Banat, which endeavoured to shed light on the racial constitution, genetic biology, and ontogenetics of that village’s German community. It consisted of the anthropological examination of 1081 people out of a total of 251 families. According to Eberhard Geyer, the novel aspects of this anthropological research were “its coverage of individuals of all ages including very young children”, as well as the specialized recording techniques.Eight work-stations operated simultaneously, all focusing on di"erent tasks: the #rst station compiled personal and genealogical data; the second took stereo-photographic images of the ear; the third made photographic and schematic views of the hand and the foot; the fourth took a three-part (face, pro#le, back) photographic image of the head and the ocular region; the #fth, measured the head, body and took hair samples; the sixth took #ngerprints; the seventh made drawings of the iris and recorded eye colour; and, #nally, the eighth took measurements of the nose. Josef Weninger concentrated on identifying traits of the eye; Eberhard Geyer focused on the ear; Dora Maria Könner was responsible for taking photographs of the hand and foot; Robert Routil was in charge of taking hair samples and analysing metric dimensions; Margarete Weninger’s specialty were the papillary lines of the hand; Albert Harrasser was in charge of developing photographs; and, #nally, Karl Stump% conducted psychological examinations. Only on closer inspection does it become apparent that the main actors pursued very di"erent interest – political, commercial or personal – in the realisation of this project and that their divergent ideological positioning was decisive for the course of the project.
{"title":"Erbbiologie und “Volkstums”-Forschung am Wiener Anthropologischen Institut: Das „Marienfeld- Projekt“ 1933/34","authors":"Maria Teschler-Nicola","doi":"10.55201/apgh6612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/apgh6612","url":null,"abstract":"In 1932, the “Working Group on Genetic Biology” (Die Erbbiologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft) was established at the Anthropological Institute of the University of Vienna (Anthropologisches Institut, Universität Wien) under Josef Weninger (1886–1959).!is paper discusses the anthropological research carried out by this Working Group during the winter of 1933–34 in the village of Marienfeld (Teremia-Mare) in the Banat, which endeavoured to shed light on the racial constitution, genetic biology, and ontogenetics of that village’s German community. It consisted of the anthropological examination of 1081 people out of a total of 251 families. According to Eberhard Geyer, the novel aspects of this anthropological research were “its coverage of individuals of all ages including very young children”, as well as the specialized recording techniques.Eight work-stations operated simultaneously, all focusing on di\"erent tasks: the #rst station compiled personal and genealogical data; the second took stereo-photographic images of the ear; the third made photographic and schematic views of the hand and the foot; the fourth took a three-part (face, pro#le, back) photographic image of the head and the ocular region; the #fth, measured the head, body and took hair samples; the sixth took #ngerprints; the seventh made drawings of the iris and recorded eye colour; and, #nally, the eighth took measurements of the nose. Josef Weninger concentrated on identifying traits of the eye; Eberhard Geyer focused on the ear; Dora Maria Könner was responsible for taking photographs of the hand and foot; Robert Routil was in charge of taking hair samples and analysing metric dimensions; Margarete Weninger’s specialty were the papillary lines of the hand; Albert Harrasser was in charge of developing photographs; and, #nally, Karl Stump% conducted psychological examinations. Only on closer inspection does it become apparent that the main actors pursued very di\"erent interest – political, commercial or personal – in the realisation of this project and that their divergent ideological positioning was decisive for the course of the project.","PeriodicalId":383374,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVI 2018","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129867778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historical research of the noble families of the Habsburg Empire occupies an important place in the concerns of the researchers interested in the social elites. !e approach, as interesting, as necessary, is meant to contextualize and provide important data on the involvement of the nobility in the social, political and ecclesiastical life of the Empire. To fully understand the asset of nobility for the multicultural, multiethnic and multireligious space of the Banat region, it is necessary to present all the noble families, regardless of their ethnic and religious a"liation. In this context, the presentation of the family Vuchetich nobles of Brinye and Ceney can bring clari#cation also on the establishment of the Croatian families in the region of Banat, as well as on the role played by this family in the noble elites of the time.
{"title":"Familia nobiliară Vuchetich de Brinye şi Cenei / The family Vuchetich nobles of Brinye and Ceney","authors":"Sașa Iașin","doi":"10.55201/pyts7540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/pyts7540","url":null,"abstract":"Historical research of the noble families of the Habsburg Empire occupies an important place in the concerns of the researchers interested in the social elites. !e approach, as interesting, as necessary, is meant to contextualize and provide important data on the involvement of the nobility in the social, political and ecclesiastical life of the Empire. To fully understand the asset of nobility for the multicultural, multiethnic and multireligious space of the Banat region, it is necessary to present all the noble families, regardless of their ethnic and religious a\"liation. In this context, the presentation of the family Vuchetich nobles of Brinye and Ceney can bring clari#cation also on the establishment of the Croatian families in the region of Banat, as well as on the role played by this family in the noble elites of the time.","PeriodicalId":383374,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVI 2018","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114917983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In my paper I would like to outline the defensive system of the province of Cappadocia and widely of the Northern part of the Eastern Limes between the end of the 1st century and the beginning of the 2nd century A.D. !e Romans were able to develop successfully operating defensive in Cappadocia with a remarkable army and with the network of client states in the foreground of the limes quite e"ectively. !is network included not only those client states which were in direct geographical contact with Roman territories, but also the strategically important regions further away from the limes. I also outline the protection of the mountain passes of the Caucasus in the mentioned period.
{"title":"The defensive system of the Cappadocia limes at the beginning of the 2nd century","authors":"Péter Forisek","doi":"10.55201/jmry3169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/jmry3169","url":null,"abstract":"In my paper I would like to outline the defensive system of the province of Cappadocia and widely of the Northern part of the Eastern Limes between the end of the 1st century and the beginning of the 2nd century A.D. !e Romans were able to develop successfully operating defensive in Cappadocia with a remarkable army and with the network of client states in the foreground of the limes quite e\"ectively. !is network included not only those client states which were in direct geographical contact with Roman territories, but also the strategically important regions further away from the limes. I also outline the protection of the mountain passes of the Caucasus in the mentioned period.","PeriodicalId":383374,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVI 2018","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127775820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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