Abstract This paper will discuss the issues faced by the Rhode Island Historical Society (RIHS) in deciding how to handle the conservation and restoration needs of a very large and damaged work in their collection, and describe the innovative solution they came up with. The RIHS faced the decision of how to approach possible restoration of an 1812 painted drop scene or theater curtain, which had been conserved in the 1980s but was by now in need of cleaning and perhaps further restoration, to help celebrate the organization’s bicentennial in 2022. They had to decide what the limits of traditional restoration were for their object, if this restoration might significantly affect the integrity of the work, and whether the considerable cost of traditional restoration was too prohibitive for a smaller institution. In considering these questions the RIHS came to the conclusion that an alternative method of restoring a work such as theirs was needed, a method that would allow an institution to create a digital file of the work, and to “restore” it using a combination of photo-editing tools and traditional painting methods. Digital photo-editing on its own would not have been sufficient to produce an organic, realistic restoration of the work, and using this hybrid digital approach, which did not alter the original object in any way, was the ideal solution.
本文将讨论罗德岛历史学会(Rhode Island Historical Society, RIHS)在决定如何处理馆藏中大量受损作品的保护和修复需求时所面临的问题，并描述他们提出的创新解决方案。RIHS面临着如何修复1812年绘制的戏剧窗帘的决定，这幅画在20世纪80年代被保存下来，但现在需要清理，也许还需要进一步修复，以帮助庆祝该组织在2022年成立200周年。他们必须决定传统修复对其目标的限制是什么，这种修复是否会严重影响作品的完整性，以及传统修复的可观成本是否对较小的机构来说过于昂贵。在考虑了这些问题后，RIHS得出结论，需要一种修复像他们这样的作品的替代方法，一种允许机构创建作品的数字文件，并使用照片编辑工具和传统绘画方法相结合来“修复”它的方法。数字照片编辑本身不足以产生一个有机的、真实的作品修复，而使用这种混合数字方法，不以任何方式改变原始对象，是理想的解决方案。
{"title":"A Hybrid Approach to the Digital Restoration of Large or Damaged Works of Art","authors":"F. Frost","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will discuss the issues faced by the Rhode Island Historical Society (RIHS) in deciding how to handle the conservation and restoration needs of a very large and damaged work in their collection, and describe the innovative solution they came up with. The RIHS faced the decision of how to approach possible restoration of an 1812 painted drop scene or theater curtain, which had been conserved in the 1980s but was by now in need of cleaning and perhaps further restoration, to help celebrate the organization’s bicentennial in 2022. They had to decide what the limits of traditional restoration were for their object, if this restoration might significantly affect the integrity of the work, and whether the considerable cost of traditional restoration was too prohibitive for a smaller institution. In considering these questions the RIHS came to the conclusion that an alternative method of restoring a work such as theirs was needed, a method that would allow an institution to create a digital file of the work, and to “restore” it using a combination of photo-editing tools and traditional painting methods. Digital photo-editing on its own would not have been sufficient to produce an organic, realistic restoration of the work, and using this hybrid digital approach, which did not alter the original object in any way, was the ideal solution.","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"5 1","pages":"81 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78315558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Researchers have suggested that free-use digital humanities websites remain online for an average of five years and that larger, more functionally specialized and wealthier institutions are more likely than other organizations to continue to make them available online for a long period after their initial development. A study of fifty-nine websites created with funds provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities Education Development and Demonstration program 1996–2003 reveals a different situation. The data show that 68% of these websites remained online for free use in September, 2020, suggesting an online lifespan of approximately eleven to sixteen years. Further statistical analysis reveals that a significantly higher proportion of websites hosted by academic institutions remained available online in September, 2020 (74%) than websites hosted by non-academic institutions (45%). However, a comparison of types of academic institution revealed that a significantly lower proportion of websites hosted by R1 and R2 institutions remained available (67.5%) compared to websites hosted by Associates colleges, Baccalaureate colleges, and Masters/Comprehensive universities (100%). Comparing R1 institutions to all other types of institutions revealed identical proportions of available websites (R1: 68%; other: 68.0%). Analyses of institutional expenditures and institutional financial assets showed that neither factor produced a significant effect. Institutions with sites remaining available in 2020 showed higher levels of both expenditures and assets compared to institutions with sites not available, but neither of these differences was significant by a standard commonly used in the social sciences.
{"title":"“Where Are They Now? The 2020 Status of Early (1996–2003) Online Digital Humanities Projects and an Analysis of Institutional Factors Correlated to Their Survival”","authors":"Drew E. Vandecreek","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Researchers have suggested that free-use digital humanities websites remain online for an average of five years and that larger, more functionally specialized and wealthier institutions are more likely than other organizations to continue to make them available online for a long period after their initial development. A study of fifty-nine websites created with funds provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities Education Development and Demonstration program 1996–2003 reveals a different situation. The data show that 68% of these websites remained online for free use in September, 2020, suggesting an online lifespan of approximately eleven to sixteen years. Further statistical analysis reveals that a significantly higher proportion of websites hosted by academic institutions remained available online in September, 2020 (74%) than websites hosted by non-academic institutions (45%). However, a comparison of types of academic institution revealed that a significantly lower proportion of websites hosted by R1 and R2 institutions remained available (67.5%) compared to websites hosted by Associates colleges, Baccalaureate colleges, and Masters/Comprehensive universities (100%). Comparing R1 institutions to all other types of institutions revealed identical proportions of available websites (R1: 68%; other: 68.0%). Analyses of institutional expenditures and institutional financial assets showed that neither factor produced a significant effect. Institutions with sites remaining available in 2020 showed higher levels of both expenditures and assets compared to institutions with sites not available, but neither of these differences was significant by a standard commonly used in the social sciences.","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"3 1","pages":"91 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74726672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many communities of endangered Indigenous languages have utilised digital technologies and created online language resources with renewed motivation. In this article we explore the ways that Noongar community members have shifted, adapted and persisted in creating new language revitalisation resources for their endangered Aboriginal language, describing three case studies of video content created and shared online through social media as localised responses to the pressing need for easily produced, accessible and engaging online approaches to support Indigenous communities and their languages.
{"title":"Indigenous Online Creative Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Western Australia","authors":"Amy Budrikis, Clint Bracknell","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many communities of endangered Indigenous languages have utilised digital technologies and created online language resources with renewed motivation. In this article we explore the ways that Noongar community members have shifted, adapted and persisted in creating new language revitalisation resources for their endangered Aboriginal language, describing three case studies of video content created and shared online through social media as localised responses to the pressing need for easily produced, accessible and engaging online approaches to support Indigenous communities and their languages.","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"24 1","pages":"63 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89070242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the past decades, many Gulf cities have faced accelerated growth that has generated complicated problems of urbanization. Some Arab cities have transformed massive urban development into new global cities despite their relatively short history. Contrasting the direction of the rapid urbanization, there is a growing interest in the conservation and rehabilitation of the local heritage, which has generated a perpetual conflict between the construction of contemporary identity and the promotion of traditional architecture. The new emerging Arab cities, in the struggle for the construction of their new architectural identity, showed a growing interest in the action needed to preserve architectural heritage. The number of conservation projects has increased recognition of the local traditions in construction, rejuvenating the historical value of the Qatari heritage. This paper shows significant examples of conservation and adaptive reuse projects recently completed in Qatar. The intention is to describe several conservation interventions, compare the proposals for reusing the restored artifacts, and compare the preservation methodologies and techniques within the historical, political, and social forces that inform preservation practices. The research presents a possible methodology for classifying the proposals offering a new approach for comparing the interventions that could be applied to other adaptive reuse projects.
{"title":"Conservative and Adaptive Reuse Interventions in Qatar","authors":"S. Mazzetto","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the past decades, many Gulf cities have faced accelerated growth that has generated complicated problems of urbanization. Some Arab cities have transformed massive urban development into new global cities despite their relatively short history. Contrasting the direction of the rapid urbanization, there is a growing interest in the conservation and rehabilitation of the local heritage, which has generated a perpetual conflict between the construction of contemporary identity and the promotion of traditional architecture. The new emerging Arab cities, in the struggle for the construction of their new architectural identity, showed a growing interest in the action needed to preserve architectural heritage. The number of conservation projects has increased recognition of the local traditions in construction, rejuvenating the historical value of the Qatari heritage. This paper shows significant examples of conservation and adaptive reuse projects recently completed in Qatar. The intention is to describe several conservation interventions, compare the proposals for reusing the restored artifacts, and compare the preservation methodologies and techniques within the historical, political, and social forces that inform preservation practices. The research presents a possible methodology for classifying the proposals offering a new approach for comparing the interventions that could be applied to other adaptive reuse projects.","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"29 1","pages":"39 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82639302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fritz, Angela: Sustainable Enterprise Strategies for Optimizing Digital Stewardship: A Guide for Libraries, Archives, and Museums","authors":"Ashley Howdeshell","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"115 1","pages":"77 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79061121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cultural heritage is an intrinsic segment of the life of the individual who is connected to it and is inherited from one generation to the other. Every heritage item embeds knowledge in historical, cultural, social, scientific, spiritual, and technological forms. Creating a digital database for discovery and expression of cultural heritage plays a significant role in enhancing its visibility and ensuring long-term sustainability. Many of the natural and cultural heritage items in India which are substantially rich in their content are not identified and documented, which consequently lose their social, cultural, historic, and economic utilities. The present study highlights the potential of developing a single-window comprehensive Cultural Heritage Information System (CHIS) to efficiently preserve, document, and manage the cultural heritage assets of the country. This also examines the prerequisites, issues, and challenges which can hinder its sustainable development. It is perceived from the study that there is no such integrated single-window national-level digital platform that prevails in the country to perform the cultural heritage documentation. The study points up the need of constructive efforts, both at individual and institutional levels in India, to ameliorate the situation to safeguard and promote the cultural heritage of the country. The information system developed can act as a unique source of reference and an extensive guide for researchers from different disciplines, tourists as well conservation activists.
{"title":"Preserving the Distributed Fragments of Cultural Heritage: Need for Building a Sustainable Information System in India","authors":"T. K. Gireesh Kumar","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cultural heritage is an intrinsic segment of the life of the individual who is connected to it and is inherited from one generation to the other. Every heritage item embeds knowledge in historical, cultural, social, scientific, spiritual, and technological forms. Creating a digital database for discovery and expression of cultural heritage plays a significant role in enhancing its visibility and ensuring long-term sustainability. Many of the natural and cultural heritage items in India which are substantially rich in their content are not identified and documented, which consequently lose their social, cultural, historic, and economic utilities. The present study highlights the potential of developing a single-window comprehensive Cultural Heritage Information System (CHIS) to efficiently preserve, document, and manage the cultural heritage assets of the country. This also examines the prerequisites, issues, and challenges which can hinder its sustainable development. It is perceived from the study that there is no such integrated single-window national-level digital platform that prevails in the country to perform the cultural heritage documentation. The study points up the need of constructive efforts, both at individual and institutional levels in India, to ameliorate the situation to safeguard and promote the cultural heritage of the country. The information system developed can act as a unique source of reference and an extensive guide for researchers from different disciplines, tourists as well conservation activists.","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"75 1","pages":"51 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85765495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patricia C. Franks: The Handbook of Archival Practice","authors":"Charles J. Farrugia","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"12 1","pages":"75 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85924412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this work was due to critical literature reviews often being used as a crucial tool for the research outputs of different ideologies to access and develop the knowledge base. The main aim of this paper is to review current literature on digitization in libraries considering different facets like process of selection, acquisition, conversion, creation of metadata, storage, preparing for long term access and issues and challenges for managing these through a review of literature. The current study follows a literature review process where there is analysis of 56 full papers on different aspects of digitization and digital libraries after a filtration from 110 research papers from 2010 to 2019. A number of major issues and challenges like high budget, diversity in records, efficiency and hard labor, document security, quality control, information retrieval, and manipulation of metadata associated with digitization and digital library management with correspondence solutions to them were identified. The study provides valuable information to researchers and librarians working in the field of digitization by illustrating the process, challenge, and implication in libraries as were outlined by various scholars from different corners of the world.
{"title":"A Literature Review on Digitization in Libraries and Digital Libraries","authors":"Sasmita Patra, J. Sahoo","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this work was due to critical literature reviews often being used as a crucial tool for the research outputs of different ideologies to access and develop the knowledge base. The main aim of this paper is to review current literature on digitization in libraries considering different facets like process of selection, acquisition, conversion, creation of metadata, storage, preparing for long term access and issues and challenges for managing these through a review of literature. The current study follows a literature review process where there is analysis of 56 full papers on different aspects of digitization and digital libraries after a filtration from 110 research papers from 2010 to 2019. A number of major issues and challenges like high budget, diversity in records, efficiency and hard labor, document security, quality control, information retrieval, and manipulation of metadata associated with digitization and digital library management with correspondence solutions to them were identified. The study provides valuable information to researchers and librarians working in the field of digitization by illustrating the process, challenge, and implication in libraries as were outlined by various scholars from different corners of the world.","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"40 1","pages":"17 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73682248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum to: Preliminary Evaluation of the Terrestrial Laser Scanning Survey of the Subterranean Structures at Hagia Sophia","authors":"Hasan Fırat Diker, Mine Esmer","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2022-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-2001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"118 1","pages":"35 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89418914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The popularity of social media platforms in the library and information science field has resulted in a significant number of studies exploring their various aspects and applications. Despite this, research on social media’s relevance to library preservation and conservation issues is still limited. This study uses a descriptive statistical approach to analyse Instagram content (posts) related to library preservation and conservation issues. This research aims to propose a classification scheme for this content and to identify which categories are most frequently used. It is essential to determine how academic libraries are using Instagram to disseminate this information to the public, and this study aims to increase understanding of this area and to assist in raising preservation awareness among scholars. The results of this study show that libraries’ social media accounts have been portraying library preservation activities in positive and interesting ways on Instagram, though the subject is mentioned less frequently than other topics.
{"title":"Through the Lens of Instagram: Library Preservation and Conservation Issues","authors":"Y. Rachman","doi":"10.1515/pdtc-2021-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2021-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The popularity of social media platforms in the library and information science field has resulted in a significant number of studies exploring their various aspects and applications. Despite this, research on social media’s relevance to library preservation and conservation issues is still limited. This study uses a descriptive statistical approach to analyse Instagram content (posts) related to library preservation and conservation issues. This research aims to propose a classification scheme for this content and to identify which categories are most frequently used. It is essential to determine how academic libraries are using Instagram to disseminate this information to the public, and this study aims to increase understanding of this area and to assist in raising preservation awareness among scholars. The results of this study show that libraries’ social media accounts have been portraying library preservation activities in positive and interesting ways on Instagram, though the subject is mentioned less frequently than other topics.","PeriodicalId":38353,"journal":{"name":"Preservation, Digital Technology and Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":"27 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86420739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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