Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861794
M. Kozlov, W. Kainz
Influence of lead tolerances on the RF-induced power deposition (P) near a lead electrode was analyzed using the lead electromagnetic model and two sets of incident electric fields (Etan) with different profiles. Our results indicate that tolerance analysis shall be done for all lead lengths and clinically relevant Etan because the sensitivity of P to a given variation of the lead properties can differ by an order of magnitude.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of AIMD Lead Tolerances Using the Lead Electromagnetic Model","authors":"M. Kozlov, W. Kainz","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861794","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of lead tolerances on the RF-induced power deposition (P) near a lead electrode was analyzed using the lead electromagnetic model and two sets of incident electric fields (Etan) with different profiles. Our results indicate that tolerance analysis shall be done for all lead lengths and clinically relevant Etan because the sensitivity of P to a given variation of the lead properties can differ by an order of magnitude.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122233448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861834
Maryam Heidarian, S. Burgess, R. Prabhu, Nazila Fough
Maintaining maximum power transfer efficiency (PTE) is one of the main challenges in resonant inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. Maximum PTE can be achieved if the coupling between transmitter and receiver coils is strong. One way of achieving this is to geometrically optimise a coil by employing small ohmic resistance combined with high self-inductance. In this paper a design method for an optimum coil geometry which offers maximum PTE has been introduced. The proposed technique, in addition to minimising the system’s physical size, provides high level of PTE for both strongly- and loosely-coupled links. A design example for a typical IPT system is presented that shows, with a proper selection of strong coupling factor (e.g.: C = 220.), the designed coil geometry can provide maximum PTE of 95.4% for coupling coefficient K = 1. Also, for a loose inductive link with K = 0.215, maximum calculated and measured PTE values are 89% and 86%, respectively.
{"title":"Optimal Coil Design for Maximum Power Transfer Efficiency in Resonantly Coupled Systems","authors":"Maryam Heidarian, S. Burgess, R. Prabhu, Nazila Fough","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861834","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining maximum power transfer efficiency (PTE) is one of the main challenges in resonant inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. Maximum PTE can be achieved if the coupling between transmitter and receiver coils is strong. One way of achieving this is to geometrically optimise a coil by employing small ohmic resistance combined with high self-inductance. In this paper a design method for an optimum coil geometry which offers maximum PTE has been introduced. The proposed technique, in addition to minimising the system’s physical size, provides high level of PTE for both strongly- and loosely-coupled links. A design example for a typical IPT system is presented that shows, with a proper selection of strong coupling factor (e.g.: C = 220.), the designed coil geometry can provide maximum PTE of 95.4% for coupling coefficient K = 1. Also, for a loose inductive link with K = 0.215, maximum calculated and measured PTE values are 89% and 86%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121724494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861743
M. Kozlov, N. Weiskopf, H. Möller
We evaluated the influence of a commercial clip-on magnetic field camera with 16 field probes on electromagnetic exposure employing a human model located in a realistic 3T MRI whole body radio frequency (RF) coil. The camera setup had a relevant impact on the electric and magnetic field distribution. Variety of generated electric field depended on usage of RF cable traps.
{"title":"Influence of External Cables on EM Exposure Investigated with a Human Model in a 3T MRI Coil","authors":"M. Kozlov, N. Weiskopf, H. Möller","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861743","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the influence of a commercial clip-on magnetic field camera with 16 field probes on electromagnetic exposure employing a human model located in a realistic 3T MRI whole body radio frequency (RF) coil. The camera setup had a relevant impact on the electric and magnetic field distribution. Variety of generated electric field depended on usage of RF cable traps.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115860675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861914
Ikechukwu K. Ukaegbu, M. Aspinall, K. Gamage
This study reports on nonintrusive depth estimation of a buried caesium-137 radioactive source using a ground penetrating radar (GPR) and a gamma ray detector. Specifically, the bulk density estimates from the GPR was used to fit a gamma ray attenuation model to the data from the detector. The depth of the source was successfully estimated when buried up to 18 cm in sand, gravel and soil. This will help in nonintrusive monitoring of nuclear contaminated sites.
{"title":"Estimating the Depth of Buried Radioactive Sources using Ground Penetrating Radar and a Gamma Ray Detector","authors":"Ikechukwu K. Ukaegbu, M. Aspinall, K. Gamage","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861914","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on nonintrusive depth estimation of a buried caesium-137 radioactive source using a ground penetrating radar (GPR) and a gamma ray detector. Specifically, the bulk density estimates from the GPR was used to fit a gamma ray attenuation model to the data from the detector. The depth of the source was successfully estimated when buried up to 18 cm in sand, gravel and soil. This will help in nonintrusive monitoring of nuclear contaminated sites.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"34 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132636930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-07DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861989
M. Comisso, F. Babich, F. Vatta, G. Buttazzoni
This paper proposes a simple but accurate technique for modeling the antenna pattern in wireless communications. The technique relies on an analytical procedure based on a nonuniform discretization of the transmitting/receiving gains to reliably estimate the power received from an interfering source. The presented approach is validated by simulations considering terrestrial and space communication links.
{"title":"A Simple Method for Including the Antenna Pattern in Interfered Wireless Communications","authors":"M. Comisso, F. Babich, F. Vatta, G. Buttazzoni","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861989","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a simple but accurate technique for modeling the antenna pattern in wireless communications. The technique relies on an analytical procedure based on a nonuniform discretization of the transmitting/receiving gains to reliably estimate the power received from an interfering source. The presented approach is validated by simulations considering terrestrial and space communication links.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129526500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-07DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861710
H. Singh, R. Shubair
In this paper, the effect of user’s body is studied over previously proposed antenna. The effect of “Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) head and PDA hand (Talk mode)”, “Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) hand (Data mode)”, and “Dual hands (Read mode)” are studied for diversity performances. There are two different positions of the antenna over mobile circuit board is considered i.e., antenna at the top position and bottom position of the mobile circuit board. In the user proximity, the optimal location of the antenna over circuit board is chosen for real application based on the antenna performance parameters i.e. diversity parameters. The specific absorption rate (SAR) for American standard (1.6W/kg average over 1g tissues) and European standard (2W/kg average over 10g tissues) is calculated for the top and bottom position of the MIMO antenna elements and it is found that the values of SAR are well below the standard limit of FCC as well as European standard. Based on the study, it is found that antenna at the top position of mobile circuit board shows overall better performance in the presence of user’s body.
{"title":"User Proximity Analysis of Compact PIFA for MIMO Applications","authors":"H. Singh, R. Shubair","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861710","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of user’s body is studied over previously proposed antenna. The effect of “Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) head and PDA hand (Talk mode)”, “Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) hand (Data mode)”, and “Dual hands (Read mode)” are studied for diversity performances. There are two different positions of the antenna over mobile circuit board is considered i.e., antenna at the top position and bottom position of the mobile circuit board. In the user proximity, the optimal location of the antenna over circuit board is chosen for real application based on the antenna performance parameters i.e. diversity parameters. The specific absorption rate (SAR) for American standard (1.6W/kg average over 1g tissues) and European standard (2W/kg average over 10g tissues) is calculated for the top and bottom position of the MIMO antenna elements and it is found that the values of SAR are well below the standard limit of FCC as well as European standard. Based on the study, it is found that antenna at the top position of mobile circuit board shows overall better performance in the presence of user’s body.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115168424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-07DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861912
D. Michelson, N. Golmie, C. Gentile, J. Quimby, K. Remley, Y. D. de Jong, K. Gracie
Wireless channel models play a critical role at all stages of the development life cycle, from standards development to network deployment. Because most organized efforts to develop channel models are relatively short term and are designed mostly to support concept assessment and standards development, the distinctive needs and requirements for the channel models used at each stage of the cycle are rarely acknowledged. Here, based upon consideration of the needs and requirements for channel models across the product life cycle, we propose that such models be divided into three distinct types (I, II and III) based upon their role, generality, application, computational complexity, primary stake holders and time available to develop. We further propose that channel model development road maps be created that will allow developers concerned with particular wireless technologies and/or deployment scenarios to more effectively communicate their needs channel modelers.
{"title":"A Classification Scheme for Wireless Channel Models Across the Development Life Cycle","authors":"D. Michelson, N. Golmie, C. Gentile, J. Quimby, K. Remley, Y. D. de Jong, K. Gracie","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861912","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless channel models play a critical role at all stages of the development life cycle, from standards development to network deployment. Because most organized efforts to develop channel models are relatively short term and are designed mostly to support concept assessment and standards development, the distinctive needs and requirements for the channel models used at each stage of the cycle are rarely acknowledged. Here, based upon consideration of the needs and requirements for channel models across the product life cycle, we propose that such models be divided into three distinct types (I, II and III) based upon their role, generality, application, computational complexity, primary stake holders and time available to develop. We further propose that channel model development road maps be created that will allow developers concerned with particular wireless technologies and/or deployment scenarios to more effectively communicate their needs channel modelers.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121655237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-07DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861766
A. Nagulu, Tingjun Chen, G. Zussman, H. Krishnaswamy
Full-duplex (FD) wireless is an emerging wireless communication paradigm where the transmitter and the receiver operate simultaneously at the same frequency. One major challenge in realizing FD wireless is the interference of the TX signal saturating the receiver, commonly referred to self-interference (SI). Traditionally, self-interference cancellation (SIC) is achieved in the antenna, RF/analog, and digital domains. In the antenna domain, SIC can be achieved using a pair of separate TX and RX antennas, or using a single antenna shared by the TX and RX through a magnetic circulator, which is usually bulky, expensive, and not integrable with CMOS. Recent advances, however, have shown the feasibility of realizing high-performance non-reciprocal circulators in CMOS based on spatio-temporal modulation. In this work, we demonstrate a high power handling FD radio using a USRP SDR which employs SIC (i) at the antenna interface using a watt-level power-handling CMOS integrated, magnetic-free circulator, (ii) in the RF domain using a compact RF canceler, and (iii) in the digital domain. Our prototyped FD radio achieves +95 dB overall SIC at +15dBm TX power level. We analyze the effects of the circulator TX-RX non-linearity on the total achievable SIC.
{"title":"A Full-Duplex Radio Using a CMOS Non-Magnetic Circulator Achieving +95 dB Overall SIC","authors":"A. Nagulu, Tingjun Chen, G. Zussman, H. Krishnaswamy","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861766","url":null,"abstract":"Full-duplex (FD) wireless is an emerging wireless communication paradigm where the transmitter and the receiver operate simultaneously at the same frequency. One major challenge in realizing FD wireless is the interference of the TX signal saturating the receiver, commonly referred to self-interference (SI). Traditionally, self-interference cancellation (SIC) is achieved in the antenna, RF/analog, and digital domains. In the antenna domain, SIC can be achieved using a pair of separate TX and RX antennas, or using a single antenna shared by the TX and RX through a magnetic circulator, which is usually bulky, expensive, and not integrable with CMOS. Recent advances, however, have shown the feasibility of realizing high-performance non-reciprocal circulators in CMOS based on spatio-temporal modulation. In this work, we demonstrate a high power handling FD radio using a USRP SDR which employs SIC (i) at the antenna interface using a watt-level power-handling CMOS integrated, magnetic-free circulator, (ii) in the RF domain using a compact RF canceler, and (iii) in the digital domain. Our prototyped FD radio achieves +95 dB overall SIC at +15dBm TX power level. We analyze the effects of the circulator TX-RX non-linearity on the total achievable SIC.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132668805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861698
Zhi-Hong Lai, Jean‐Fu Kiang
A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, accelerated by imposing surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC), is implemented to compute the scattering fields from a hyper-arid soil above an aquifer. An estimation method of water-table depth beneath ground surface is proposed, which is based on the interference pattern of backscattering fields at normal incidence.
{"title":"Water-Table Detection in a Hyper-Arid Region","authors":"Zhi-Hong Lai, Jean‐Fu Kiang","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861698","url":null,"abstract":"A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, accelerated by imposing surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC), is implemented to compute the scattering fields from a hyper-arid soil above an aquifer. An estimation method of water-table depth beneath ground surface is proposed, which is based on the interference pattern of backscattering fields at normal incidence.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116060231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861702
Nash Lochner, M. Vouvakis
A multi-region formulation between Finite Element- Boundary Integral (FE-BI) regions and perfectly electric conducting (PEC) boundary element method (BEM) regions is presented. The method proceeds by first transforming the problem into a PEC equivalent one using a custom direct matrix solver within FE-BI regions, and then solving for the electric currents residing on FE-BI and BEM regions iteratively. The full field solutions within those ‘PECfied’ FE-BI regions can then be recovered using those electric currents and the matrix factors from the previous steps. Numerical results for two-dimensional radiation problems are presented.
{"title":"BEM-FEBI Formulation Through ‘PECfication’","authors":"Nash Lochner, M. Vouvakis","doi":"10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USNC-URSI.2019.8861702","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-region formulation between Finite Element- Boundary Integral (FE-BI) regions and perfectly electric conducting (PEC) boundary element method (BEM) regions is presented. The method proceeds by first transforming the problem into a PEC equivalent one using a custom direct matrix solver within FE-BI regions, and then solving for the electric currents residing on FE-BI and BEM regions iteratively. The full field solutions within those ‘PECfied’ FE-BI regions can then be recovered using those electric currents and the matrix factors from the previous steps. Numerical results for two-dimensional radiation problems are presented.","PeriodicalId":383603,"journal":{"name":"2019 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130646349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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