C.C. Fandjio Yonzoua, U.J.M. Pettang Nana, M.B. Manjiaa, C. Pettanga
Les différentes catastrophes survenues en milieu urbain au Cameroun récemment, mettent en exergue les désormais dangers permanents qui pèsent sur les habitants. On note une augmentation des extrêmes : de hautes températures, des perturbations des régimes pluvieux et la récurrence des vents violents. Certains de ces effets sont amplifiés par la géographie contraignante de plusieurs villes et par l’influence anthropique sur l’environnement. En effet, d’une part les sites de plusieurs villes camerounaises ont soit des reliefs accidentés qui favorisent l’érosion des terrains, soit des configurations planes qui limitent l’évacuation gravitaire de l’eau de ruissellement. D’autre part, la croissance urbaine rapide et la prolifération des bidonvilles qui couvrent près de 65 à 70% de la superficie urbaine, usent plus rapidement les ouvrages et infrastructures d’assainissement urbaines lorsqu’ils existent dus à l’imperméabilisation accélérée et continue du sol urbain ainsi qu’à la mauvaise gestion des déchets. L’urgence de trouver des solutions durables à ce phénomène est désormais sans équivoque. Elle nécessite un encadrement normatif inclusif plus performant que celui actuellement en vigueur, qui amène le pays vers la résilience. The disasters that’ve occurred recently in urban areas in Cameroon, highlight the permanent dangers weighing on the inhabitants. There is an increase in extremes climate parameters: high temperatures, rainfall disturbances and the recurrence of gales. Some of these effects are amplified by both the constraining relief of several cities and human influence on the environment. In fact, on the one hand, the sites of several Cameroonian cities either have rugged reliefs that promote land erosion, or flat configurations that limit the gravity discharge of runoff water. On the other hand, the rapid urban growth and the proliferation of slums which cover nearly 65 to 70% of the urban area, wear out more quickly the works and urban sanitation infrastructures when they exist due to the accelerated and continuous waterproofing soil in addition to the poor waste management. The urgency to find lasting solutions to this phenomenon is now unequivocal. It requires an inclusive normative framework that is more effective than that currently in force, which brings the country towards resilience.
最近发生在喀麦隆城市地区的各种灾难突出了居民现在面临的永久危险。极端天气的增加:高温、降雨模式的中断和强风的复发。一些城市的地理限制和人类对环境的影响放大了其中一些影响。一方面，喀麦隆几个城市的地貌要么是崎岖的地形，有利于土壤侵蚀，要么是平坦的地形，限制了径流的重力排放。;另一方面,增长迅速的城市和贫民窟的城市占地面积近65 - 70%,更快地利用工程和城乡环卫基础设施加速和持续存在时由于土壤的土壤以及城市废物管理不善。现在显然迫切需要为这一现象找到持久的解决办法。它需要一个比目前更有效的包容性监管框架，使国家走向复原力。最近在喀麦隆城市地区发生的灾害突出了居民面临的持续危险。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该县总面积为，其中土地和(1.6%)水。一些城市的限制性救济和人类对环境的影响都放大了其中一些影响。事实上，一方面，喀麦隆几个城市的地貌要么是崎岖的地形，促进了土地侵蚀，要么是平坦的地形，限制了径流水的重力排放。On the other hand, the rapid城市贫民窟的growth and the增殖which cover是65度70% out more of the urban area)、威尔很快发现the works and urban to the加速and when they exist环卫设施由于持续waterproofing soil in the poor to waste management加成。为这一现象找到持久解决办法的紧迫性现在已不再明确。它需要一个比目前有效的更有效的包容性规范框架，使国家走向复原力。
{"title":"Mesure de la vulnérabilité des milieux urbains au Cameroun face au changement climatique","authors":"C.C. Fandjio Yonzoua, U.J.M. Pettang Nana, M.B. Manjiaa, C. Pettanga","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Les différentes catastrophes survenues en milieu urbain au Cameroun récemment, mettent en exergue les désormais dangers permanents qui pèsent sur les habitants. On note une augmentation des extrêmes : de hautes températures, des perturbations des régimes pluvieux et la récurrence des vents violents. Certains de ces effets sont amplifiés par la géographie contraignante de plusieurs villes et par l’influence anthropique sur l’environnement. En effet, d’une part les sites de plusieurs villes camerounaises ont soit des reliefs accidentés qui favorisent l’érosion des terrains, soit des configurations planes qui limitent l’évacuation gravitaire de l’eau de ruissellement. D’autre part, la croissance urbaine rapide et la prolifération des bidonvilles qui couvrent près de 65 à 70% de la superficie urbaine, usent plus rapidement les ouvrages et infrastructures d’assainissement urbaines lorsqu’ils existent dus à l’imperméabilisation accélérée et continue du sol urbain ainsi qu’à la mauvaise gestion des déchets. L’urgence de trouver des solutions durables à ce phénomène est désormais sans équivoque. Elle nécessite un encadrement normatif inclusif plus performant que celui actuellement en vigueur, qui amène le pays vers la résilience. \u0000The disasters that’ve occurred recently in urban areas in Cameroon, highlight the permanent dangers weighing on the inhabitants. There is an increase in extremes climate parameters: high temperatures, rainfall disturbances and the recurrence of gales. Some of these effects are amplified by both the constraining relief of several cities and human influence on the environment. In fact, on the one hand, the sites of several Cameroonian cities either have rugged reliefs that promote land erosion, or flat configurations that limit the gravity discharge of runoff water. On the other hand, the rapid urban growth and the proliferation of slums which cover nearly 65 to 70% of the urban area, wear out more quickly the works and urban sanitation infrastructures when they exist due to the accelerated and continuous waterproofing soil in addition to the poor waste management. The urgency to find lasting solutions to this phenomenon is now unequivocal. It requires an inclusive normative framework that is more effective than that currently in force, which brings the country towards resilience.","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130434590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, cellulose from sugarcane bagasse and wood pulp were converted to nanocellulose and utilized to treat water from different sources within Yola Metropolis to study the efficacy of both methods. From the analysed water parameters, both nanocellulose materials were effective in treating contaminated water. They showed the capability of reducing the concentrations of the various tested parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Nitrate, Chloride, and Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). Interestingly, analysis of the heavy metal concentrations before and after water treatment with the nanocellulose, showed very significant reduction of the heavy metals. This is encouraging as we explore more efficient methods of water treatment, in order to tackle rising cases of lead and other heavy metal poisoning in Nigeria due to illegal mining activities and deregulated industrial activities. Dans cette recherche, la cellulose de la bagasse de canne à sucre et de la pulpe de bois a été converties en nanocellulose et utilisées pour l’épuration d’eau de différentes sources au sein de Yola Metropolis afin d’étudier l’efficacité des deux méthodes. D’après les paramètres d’eau analysés avec les deux types de nanocelluloses étaient efficaces dans le traitement de l’eau contaminée. Ils ont considérablement réduit les concentrations des différents contaminants testés tels que le TDS, le nitrate, le chlorure et le NTU. En effet, l’analyse de la concentration en métaux lourds avant et après le traitement de l’eau avec la nanocellulose a montré une réduction très significative des métaux lourds. C’est une bonne chose car nous explorons des méthodes plus efficaces de traitement de l’eau, pour lutter contre l’augmentation des cas d’empoisonnement au plomb et à d’autres métaux lourds au Nigeria en raison d’activités minières illégales et d’activités industrielles non réglementées.
本研究将甘蔗渣和木浆中的纤维素转化为纳米纤维素，并利用纳米纤维素处理Yola Metropolis地区不同来源的水，研究两种方法的效果。从分析的水参数来看，两种纳米纤维素材料对污染水均有较好的处理效果。它们显示了降低各种测试参数浓度的能力，如总溶解固体(TDS)、硝酸盐、氯化物和浊度单位(NTU)。有趣的是，对纳米纤维素水处理前后重金属浓度的分析表明，重金属含量显著降低。这是令人鼓舞的，因为我们正在探索更有效的水处理方法，以解决尼日利亚因非法采矿活动和放松管制的工业活动而导致的铅和其他重金属中毒病例不断上升的问题。在研究过程中，将纳米纤维素转化为固体甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣，转化为甘蔗渣。D ' aprires les partrires D 'eau分析了两种类型的纳米纤维素，它们的净化效果优于其他类型的纳米纤维素。我们不会考虑不同的污染物的浓度，比如TDS、硝酸盐、氯化物和NTU。因此，我分析了纳米纤维素的浓度，并分析了纳米纤维素的浓度，分析了纳米纤维素的浓度，并对纳米纤维素的浓度进行了监测。这是一个好的选择汽车常识explorons des方法+ efficaces de traitement de城市威尼斯,倒附近地区靠l 'augmentation des ca d 'empoisonnement盟plomb等其他metaux lourds盟尼日利亚en存在'activites minieres非法et d 'activites产业政策非reglementees。
{"title":"Experimental study on the analysis of nanocellulose treated water in Yola metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"L. Okoro, B. Agboola, P. O. Yakubu","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, cellulose from sugarcane bagasse and wood pulp were converted to nanocellulose and utilized to treat water from different sources within Yola Metropolis to study the efficacy of both methods. From the analysed water parameters, both nanocellulose materials were effective in treating contaminated water. They showed the capability of reducing the concentrations of the various tested parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Nitrate, Chloride, and Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). Interestingly, analysis of the heavy metal concentrations before and after water treatment with the nanocellulose, showed very significant reduction of the heavy metals. This is encouraging as we explore more efficient methods of water treatment, in order to tackle rising cases of lead and other heavy metal poisoning in Nigeria due to illegal mining activities and deregulated industrial activities. \u0000Dans cette recherche, la cellulose de la bagasse de canne à sucre et de la pulpe de bois a été converties en nanocellulose et utilisées pour l’épuration d’eau de différentes sources au sein de Yola Metropolis afin d’étudier l’efficacité des deux méthodes. D’après les paramètres d’eau analysés avec les deux types de nanocelluloses étaient efficaces dans le traitement de l’eau contaminée. Ils ont considérablement réduit les concentrations des différents contaminants testés tels que le TDS, le nitrate, le chlorure et le NTU. En effet, l’analyse de la concentration en métaux lourds avant et après le traitement de l’eau avec la nanocellulose a montré une réduction très significative des métaux lourds. C’est une bonne chose car nous explorons des méthodes plus efficaces de traitement de l’eau, pour lutter contre l’augmentation des cas d’empoisonnement au plomb et à d’autres métaux lourds au Nigeria en raison d’activités minières illégales et d’activités industrielles non réglementées.","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127120243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aimed at evaluating the phenptypic and genetic diversity of local cattle breeds in Cameroon. To this end, biometric data were collected randomly in six (6) localities of the Mayo-Banyo Division, on a sample of 321 adult Banyo Gudali zebu cattle (234 cows and 87 bulls) aged between 6 and 16 years and having a body condition score varying from 2 to 4. Results reveal a variability of the coat color i.e., 19,00% white coat and its derivatives (speckled, stoat, grey, truiture); 9.99% black coat and its derivatives (black list and black piebald); 18.06% piebald (4.67% black piebald and 13.39 red piebald); 52.94% red and its derivatives (red piebald and red list). The single-colored coats are less represented (38.94%)compared to double-colored coats (61.06%). The frequency of alleles S+, D, ED, Aa, E+, s, A+, e and P are respectively 0.315; 0.201; 0.140; 0.267; 0.859; 0.685; 0.733; 0.386 and 1.000. There is a predominance of white-black horns (50.2%) over grey horns (42.4%). This population is characterized by long hairs, straight-edged ears oriented laterally and with humps occupying a cervico-thoracic position. The facial and back profiles are straight. The neck has a horizontal curved profile, the rump with a low set tail. Crescent shaped horns predominate (73,5%) followed by the horns in low lyre (15,9%) with the other shapes (stump, lateral pointed tip, crown and asymmetrical deformed right or left) being the least represented. The raised horns (92.5%) are predominant. Erect and moderate humps (86.6%) are dominant over drooping ones (13.4%).
{"title":"Phenotypic characteristics and Gene Frequency of the Banyo Gudali zebu (Bos indicus) variety in the high Guinean Savannah zone of Cameroon","authors":"A. Nsangou, F. Meutchieye, T. K. Manchang, G. Bah","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at evaluating the phenptypic and genetic diversity of local cattle breeds in Cameroon. To this end, biometric data were collected randomly in six (6) localities of the Mayo-Banyo Division, on a sample of 321 adult Banyo Gudali zebu cattle (234 cows and 87 bulls) aged between 6 and 16 years and having a body condition score varying from 2 to 4. Results reveal a variability of the coat color i.e., 19,00% white coat and its derivatives (speckled, stoat, grey, truiture); 9.99% black coat and its derivatives (black list and black piebald); 18.06% piebald (4.67% black piebald and 13.39 red piebald); 52.94% red and its derivatives (red piebald and red list). The single-colored coats are less represented (38.94%)compared to double-colored coats (61.06%). The frequency of alleles S+, D, ED, Aa, E+, s, A+, e and P are respectively 0.315; 0.201; 0.140; 0.267; 0.859; 0.685; 0.733; 0.386 and 1.000. There is a predominance of white-black horns (50.2%) over grey horns (42.4%). This population is characterized by long hairs, straight-edged ears oriented laterally and with humps occupying a cervico-thoracic position. The facial and back profiles are straight. The neck has a horizontal curved profile, the rump with a low set tail. Crescent shaped horns predominate (73,5%) followed by the horns in low lyre (15,9%) with the other shapes (stump, lateral pointed tip, crown and asymmetrical deformed right or left) being the least represented. The raised horns (92.5%) are predominant. Erect and moderate humps (86.6%) are dominant over drooping ones (13.4%).","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125053549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaccines have been recognized as major and effective tools for the control and eventual elimination of infectious diseases and cancer. This brief review examines vaccine classification and development pipeline as well as recent innovations driving the vaccine development process. Using COVID-19 as an example recent innovation in vaccine development are highlighted. The review ends with a call for intensified efforts to build vaccine production capacity in Cameroon and other other African countries. Les vaccins ont été reconnus comme des outils majeurs et efficaces pour le contrôle et l’élimination éventuelle des maladies infectieuses et du cancer. Cette brève revue examine la classification et le pipeline de développement de vaccins ainsi que les innovations récentes à l’origine du processus de développement de vaccins. En utilisant COVID-19 comme exemple, les innovations récentes dans le développement de vaccins sont mises en évidence. La revue se termine par un appel à intensifier les efforts pour renforcer les capacités de production de vaccins au Cameroun et dans d’autres pays africains.
{"title":"New approaches to vaccines for endemic and pandemic diseases of Africa with particular focus on building local competencies in Cameroon","authors":"V. Titanji","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines have been recognized as major and effective tools for the control and eventual elimination of infectious diseases and cancer. This brief review examines vaccine classification and development pipeline as well as recent innovations driving the vaccine development process. Using COVID-19 as an example recent innovation in vaccine development are highlighted. The review ends with a call for intensified efforts to build vaccine production capacity in Cameroon and other other African countries. \u0000Les vaccins ont été reconnus comme des outils majeurs et efficaces pour le contrôle et l’élimination éventuelle des maladies infectieuses et du cancer. Cette brève revue examine la classification et le pipeline de développement de vaccins ainsi que les innovations récentes à l’origine du processus de développement de vaccins. En utilisant COVID-19 comme exemple, les innovations récentes dans le développement de vaccins sont mises en évidence. La revue se termine par un appel à intensifier les efforts pour renforcer les capacités de production de vaccins au Cameroun et dans d’autres pays africains.","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"1574 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129146458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Bayoi, Florent Menyene Etoundi, Elvis Mouyakan A. Moumbock, M. J. Y. Ngaba
Les produits forestiers ligneux (PFL) et non ligneux (PFNL) jouent un rôle important pour le bien-être des populations au Cameroun. Malheureusement, elles font face à plusieurs menaces telle que l’exploitation commerciale de la ressource et l’exploitation anarchique de bois d’œuvre ; l’absence ou l’insuffisance de donnée scientifiques nécessaires pour les prises de décision d’aménagement. L’objectif de l’étude est d’identifier et d’évaluer la disponibilité des espèces végétales dans la forêt de la station polyvalente de recherche agricole d’Abong Mbang. Un inventaire d’aménagement a été effectué avec un taux de sondage de 5%. Il ressort de cette étude qu’il y une extrême diversité des PFL et PFNL dans la zone d’étude. Un total de 69 PFL (bois d’œuvre) et 18 PFNL sont utilisées dans la localité pour l’alimentation, la santé ou l’ornement. Les fruits et les feuilles sont généralement utilisés pour la consommation alors que les écorces sont à usage médicinale. Les connaissances ancestrales des populations locales sur cette ressource est approfondie et contribue à leur bien-être ont une des PFNL. Timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play an important role for the well-being of the populations in Cameroon. Unfortunately, they face several threats such as the commercial exploitation of the resource and the uncontrolled exploitation of timber; the lack or insufficiency of scientific data necessary for management decisions. The objective of the study is to identify and evaluate the availability of plant species in the forest of the Abong-Mbang Agricultural Research Station. A management inventory was conducted with a sampling rate of 5%. The study revealed that there is an extreme diversity of LFAs and NTFPs in the study area. A total of 69 LFWPs (timber) and 18 NTFPs are used in the locality for food, health or ornamental purposes. Fruits and leaves are generally used for consumption while barks are used for medicinal purposes. The ancestral knowledge of local populations on this resource is deep and contributes to their well-being have a NTFP.
{"title":"Amenagement des produits forestiers ligneux et non ligneux dans la region de l’Est-Cameroun : Cas de la station polyvalente de recherche agricole d’Abong Mbang","authors":"E. Bayoi, Florent Menyene Etoundi, Elvis Mouyakan A. Moumbock, M. J. Y. Ngaba","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Les produits forestiers ligneux (PFL) et non ligneux (PFNL) jouent un rôle important pour le bien-être des populations au Cameroun. Malheureusement, elles font face à plusieurs menaces telle que l’exploitation commerciale de la ressource et l’exploitation anarchique de bois d’œuvre ; l’absence ou l’insuffisance de donnée scientifiques nécessaires pour les prises de décision d’aménagement. L’objectif de l’étude est d’identifier et d’évaluer la disponibilité des espèces végétales dans la forêt de la station polyvalente de recherche agricole d’Abong Mbang. Un inventaire d’aménagement a été effectué avec un taux de sondage de 5%. Il ressort de cette étude qu’il y une extrême diversité des PFL et PFNL dans la zone d’étude. Un total de 69 PFL (bois d’œuvre) et 18 PFNL sont utilisées dans la localité pour l’alimentation, la santé ou l’ornement. Les fruits et les feuilles sont généralement utilisés pour la consommation alors que les écorces sont à usage médicinale. Les connaissances ancestrales des populations locales sur cette ressource est approfondie et contribue à leur bien-être ont une des PFNL. \u0000 \u0000Timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play an important role for the well-being of the populations in Cameroon. Unfortunately, they face several threats such as the commercial exploitation of the resource and the uncontrolled exploitation of timber; the lack or insufficiency of scientific data necessary for management decisions. The objective of the study is to identify and evaluate the availability of plant species in the forest of the Abong-Mbang Agricultural Research Station. A management inventory was conducted with a sampling rate of 5%. The study revealed that there is an extreme diversity of LFAs and NTFPs in the study area. A total of 69 LFWPs (timber) and 18 NTFPs are used in the locality for food, health or ornamental purposes. Fruits and leaves are generally used for consumption while barks are used for medicinal purposes. The ancestral knowledge of local populations on this resource is deep and contributes to their well-being have a NTFP. \u0000","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114852259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examined how sunlight radiation, temperature and time in Yola climate can affect the physicochemical properties of drinking water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle in Yola Metropolis Nigeria. Conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, Cl-, and NO3 - were analyzed using standard methods for 42 days. Solvent extraction and GC-MS analysis were conducted periodically to monitor the appearance and identity of any migrant organic compounds. Sunlight exposure had the highest impact wherein conductivity, TDS, and COD trended upwards while pH decreased over time. However, Cl- and NO3- stayed constant. The GC-MS results showed the highest concentration of organic compounds in the sunlight exposed samples showing the molecular ion peak of benzene. Conversely, the negative control samples, stored in a cool dry place, showed no signs of leachates.
{"title":"The Impact of Temperature, Sunlight and Time on the Quality of Drinking Water Stored in Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottle in Yola Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"L. Okoro, I. Onuigbo, B. Agboola","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined how sunlight radiation, temperature and time in Yola climate can affect the physicochemical properties of drinking water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle in Yola Metropolis Nigeria. Conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, Cl-, and NO3 - were analyzed using standard methods for 42 days. Solvent extraction and GC-MS analysis were conducted periodically to monitor the appearance and identity of any migrant organic compounds. Sunlight exposure had the highest impact wherein conductivity, TDS, and COD trended upwards while pH decreased over time. However, Cl- and NO3- stayed constant. The GC-MS results showed the highest concentration of organic compounds in the sunlight exposed samples showing the molecular ion peak of benzene. Conversely, the negative control samples, stored in a cool dry place, showed no signs of leachates.","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129391210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nsangou, D. A. Mbah, C. L. Tawah, T. Manchang, G. Bah, Y. Manjeli, C. Njehoya, Y. Mfopit, C. Nguetoum
Ce travail passe en revue les résultats des travaux de recherches sur l’amélioration génétique des zébus locaux (Goudali, White et Red Fulani) par voie de sélection et de croisement avec les races exotiques (Holstein, Montbéliarde, Brahman américain, Jersiais, Tarentaise, Limousine et Charolaise). Ces travaux ont été conduits depuis 1952 dans les Centres de Recherches Zootechniques de Wakwa et Bambui par l’Institut de Recherches Zootechniques (IRZ, aujourd’hui connue sous le nom de l’Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement) du Cameroun, en système d’élevage semi-intensif dans les zones des hautes savanes guinéennes et des hauts plateaux de l’Ouest Cameroun. Les données proviennent des rapports d’activité et de consultations, des publications scientifiques et des entrevues. L’objectif est de ressortir les résultats saillants utiles pour les décideurs politiques, les chercheurs et les éleveurs. Les principaux résultats montrent que le potentiel laitier des croisés est généralement supérieur (>4 litres) à celui des races locales (>3,5 litres). Les génotypes ayant moins de 75% de sang exotique sont les plus performants en lait et viande. Les causes de mortalité par ordre d’importance sont nutritionnelles (36,8%), accidentelles (29,6%), pathologiques (21,1%), parasitaires (7,7%) et reproductives (4,8%). Par rapport aux autres produits de croisement, les croisés Holsteins ont été plus lourds à la naissance (34,75 kg) avec une vitesse de croissance plus élevée (0,46 kg), une production laitière plus élevée (5,47 ± 0,17 litres), plus précoces (40,87 mois) et moins susceptibles au stress Nuenvironnemental. Pour la filière bovin-à-viande, les performances de viande de la race synthétique Wakwa sont légèrement supérieures à celles des zébus Goudali sélectionnés dans le cheptel local. Cependant, le taux de susceptibilité à la dermatophilose est estimé à 71,0%, 34,4% et 5,0% chez le pur, ½ et ¼ sang Brahman, respectivement. La sélection massale du zébu Goudali (variété Ngaoundéré) et la race synthétique Wakwa a permis d’obtenir des progrès génétiques significatifs, soient, respectivement, 8,60 kg et 20,40 kg. Cependant, les corrélations génétiques négatives entre les effets directs et maternels montrent que le progrès génétique serait davantage plus important si la sélection était concentrée sur les performances directes et maternelles. Les expériences d’insémination artificielle menées à la SODEPA et à « Tadu Dairy Cooperative Society»montrent que l’industrie laitière est une entreprise rentable avec un rapport bénéfice-coût de 4,21. This work reviews the results of research on the genetic improvement of local zebus (Gudali, White and Red Fulani) through selection and crossbreeding with exotic cattle breeds (Holstein, Montbeliard, American Brahman, Jersey, Tarentaise, Limousine and Charolais). This work was started since 1952 by Institute of Animal Research (IRZ, now known as the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development) at the
本研究回顾了通过选择和杂交本地斑马(Goudali, White and Red Fulani)与外来品种(Holstein, montbeliarde, american Brahman, Jersiais, Tarentaise, Limousine and Charolaise)的遗传改良研究结果。自1952年以来开展了这项工作的技术研究中心Wakwa并由技术研究所(Bambui、如今叫作农业发展研究所)的喀麦隆,在高原地区的畜牧系统半草原几内亚西部高原和喀麦隆。数据来自活动和咨询报告、科学出版物和访谈。其目的是突出对政策制定者、研究人员和农民有用的关键成果。主要结果表明，杂交品种的产奶潜力(>4升)一般高于本地品种(> 3.5升)。外来血液含量低于75%的基因型在牛奶和肉类中表现最好。按重要性排序的死亡原因为营养(36.8%)、意外(29.6%)、病理(21.1%)、寄生虫(7.7%)和生殖(4.8%)。与其他杂交品种相比，荷斯坦杂交品种出生时体重较重(34.75 kg)，生长速度较高(0.46 kg)，产奶量较高(5.47±0.17升)，早产时间较早(40.87个月)，对环境胁迫的敏感性较低。在肉牛部门，合成品种Wakwa的肉性能略高于从当地牲畜中选择的Goudali斑马。然而，纯婆罗门血、½婆罗门血和¼婆罗门血对皮肤真菌病的易感性估计分别为71.0%、34.4%和5.0%。通过对Goudali瘤牛(品种ngaoundere)和合成品种Wakwa的大规模育种，分别取得了8.60 kg和20.40 kg的显著遗传进步。然而，直接效应和母性效应之间的负遗传相关性表明，如果选择集中在直接和母性表现上，遗传进步会更大。SODEPA和Tadu乳品合作社进行的人工授精实验表明，乳品行业是一个盈利的企业，成本效益比为4.21。本工作审查了通过与外来牛品种(荷斯坦、蒙贝利亚德、美国婆罗洲、泽西、塔伦泰兹、利穆森和夏洛来)的选择和杂交来改进当地zebus (Gudali、White和Red Fulani)遗传改良的研究结果。这项工作于1952年由动物研究所(IRZ，现在称为农业研究促进发展研究所)在瓦克瓦和班布伊研究中心在阿达马瓦高原和喀麦隆西部高地高几内亚大草原地区半集约化管理条件下开始。数据来自活动和咨询报告、科学出版物和访谈。其目的是强调对政策制定者、研究人员和牲畜生产者有用的突出发现。主要结果表明，杂交品种的牛奶潜力一般(>4升)高于本地品种(>3.5升)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该地区的总面积为，其中土地和(1.2%)水。按重要性排序，报告的死亡原因为营养(36.8%)、意外(29.6%)、病理(21.1%)、寄生(7.7%)和生殖(4.8%)。与其他马驹相比，荷斯坦马驹出生时相对较重(34.75公斤)，生长速度较高(0.46公斤)，日产奶量较高(5.47±0.17升)，早熟(40.87个月)，但更适应繁殖条件，对环境压力的敏感性较低。For the牛肉产业,the meat performance of the synthetic Wakwa is的表弟better than that of the Gudali zebus from the herd当地选编》。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(0.9%)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(0.964平方公里)水。然而，直接效应和母性效应之间的负遗传相关性表明，如果选择集中在直接效应和母性效应上，遗传进展将更加重要。SODEPA和Tadu乳品合作社进行的人工授精试验表明，乳品行业是一家盈利企业，效益成本比为4.21。
{"title":"Amélioration génétique bovine par voie de croisement et de sélection en Afrique Tropicale : Expériences du Cameroun","authors":"A. Nsangou, D. A. Mbah, C. L. Tawah, T. Manchang, G. Bah, Y. Manjeli, C. Njehoya, Y. Mfopit, C. Nguetoum","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Ce travail passe en revue les résultats des travaux de recherches sur l’amélioration génétique des zébus locaux (Goudali, White et Red Fulani) par voie de sélection et de croisement avec les races exotiques (Holstein, Montbéliarde, Brahman américain, Jersiais, Tarentaise, Limousine et Charolaise). Ces travaux ont été conduits depuis 1952 dans les Centres de Recherches Zootechniques de Wakwa et Bambui par l’Institut de Recherches Zootechniques (IRZ, aujourd’hui connue sous le nom de l’Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement) du Cameroun, en système d’élevage semi-intensif dans les zones des hautes savanes guinéennes et des hauts plateaux de l’Ouest Cameroun. Les données proviennent des rapports d’activité et de consultations, des publications scientifiques et des entrevues. L’objectif est de ressortir les résultats saillants utiles pour les décideurs politiques, les chercheurs et les éleveurs. Les principaux résultats montrent que le potentiel laitier des croisés est généralement supérieur (>4 litres) à celui des races locales (>3,5 litres). Les génotypes ayant moins de 75% de sang exotique sont les plus performants en lait et viande. Les causes de mortalité par ordre d’importance sont nutritionnelles (36,8%), accidentelles (29,6%), pathologiques (21,1%), parasitaires (7,7%) et reproductives (4,8%). Par rapport aux autres produits de croisement, les croisés Holsteins ont été plus lourds à la naissance (34,75 kg) avec une vitesse de croissance plus élevée (0,46 kg), une production laitière plus élevée (5,47 ± 0,17 litres), plus précoces (40,87 mois) et moins susceptibles au stress Nuenvironnemental. Pour la filière bovin-à-viande, les performances de viande de la race synthétique Wakwa sont légèrement supérieures à celles des zébus Goudali sélectionnés dans le cheptel local. Cependant, le taux de susceptibilité à la dermatophilose est estimé à 71,0%, 34,4% et 5,0% chez le pur, ½ et ¼ sang Brahman, respectivement. La sélection massale du zébu Goudali (variété Ngaoundéré) et la race synthétique Wakwa a permis d’obtenir des progrès génétiques significatifs, soient, respectivement, 8,60 kg et 20,40 kg. Cependant, les corrélations génétiques négatives entre les effets directs et maternels montrent que le progrès génétique serait davantage plus important si la sélection était concentrée sur les performances directes et maternelles. Les expériences d’insémination artificielle menées à la SODEPA et à « Tadu Dairy Cooperative Society»montrent que l’industrie laitière est une entreprise rentable avec un rapport bénéfice-coût de 4,21. \u0000This work reviews the results of research on the genetic improvement of local zebus (Gudali, White and Red Fulani) through selection and crossbreeding with exotic cattle breeds (Holstein, Montbeliard, American Brahman, Jersey, Tarentaise, Limousine and Charolais). This work was started since 1952 by Institute of Animal Research (IRZ, now known as the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development) at the ","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128309896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of patients’ care after COVID-19 positive test","authors":"F. Yadang, G. Agbor","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract.","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122549602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined variability of soil properties under continuous cultivation in the Nigerian Savanna. Bulked soil samples were collected from eight irrigated farm plots and one uncultivated field during both wet season (WS) and dry season (DS) respectively. The samples were analyzed for Sand, silt, clay, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, and Na), exchangeable acidity (H+Al), exchangeable cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and base saturation which are the key soil fertility parameters. Percentage equivalence value of soil property was computed by expressing the mean value of each soil property in WS as a percentage of the mean value of the same property over the DS. From the results, the soil textural grades remained loamy in both seasons. The mean values obtained at topsoil during WS and DS are: sand (50.38 & 51.38%), silt (39.63 & 38.63%), clay (10% each), bulk density (1.38 & 1.42), porosity (47.75 & 64.04%), moisture content (0.26 & 0.19cm3 ), pH (5.7 & 6.03), organic matter (1.62 & 0.62%), total N (0.12 & 0.08%), available phosphorus (58.36 & 48.25mgkg-1), cations [Ca (7.76 & 6.17cmol/ kg-1), Mg (1.48 & 1.15cmol/kg-1), K (0.36 & 0.21cmol/kg-1), and Na (0.61 & 0.25cmol/kg-1)], H+Al (0.59 & 0.50cmol/kg-1), ECEC (10.63 & 8.26cmol/kg-1) and base saturation (93 & 92%). These results suggest that land use has both direct and indirect effects on the variability of soil properties.
{"title":"Variability of Soil Properties under Continuous Irrigation Farming in Nigerian Savanna","authors":"S. Yakubu, I. A. Jaiyeoba, M. Gasu, D. A. Yakubu","doi":"10.4314/jcas.v17i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v17i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined variability of soil properties under continuous cultivation in the Nigerian Savanna. Bulked soil samples were collected from eight irrigated farm plots and one uncultivated field during both wet season (WS) and dry season (DS) respectively. The samples were analyzed for Sand, silt, clay, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, and Na), exchangeable acidity (H+Al), exchangeable cation exchange capacity (ECEC) and base saturation which are the key soil fertility parameters. Percentage equivalence value of soil property was computed by expressing the mean value of each soil property in WS as a percentage of the mean value of the same property over the DS. From the results, the soil textural grades remained loamy in both seasons. The mean values obtained at topsoil during WS and DS are: sand (50.38 & 51.38%), silt (39.63 & 38.63%), clay (10% each), bulk density (1.38 & 1.42), porosity (47.75 & 64.04%), moisture content (0.26 & 0.19cm3 ), pH (5.7 & 6.03), organic matter (1.62 & 0.62%), total N (0.12 & 0.08%), available phosphorus (58.36 & 48.25mgkg-1), cations [Ca (7.76 & 6.17cmol/ kg-1), Mg (1.48 & 1.15cmol/kg-1), K (0.36 & 0.21cmol/kg-1), and Na (0.61 & 0.25cmol/kg-1)], H+Al (0.59 & 0.50cmol/kg-1), ECEC (10.63 & 8.26cmol/kg-1) and base saturation (93 & 92%). These results suggest that land use has both direct and indirect effects on the variability of soil properties.","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125409251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is aimed at showing that subtitling can be used to foster bilingualism and patriotism in Cameroon. The objectives are to investigate how deeply rooted the practice of audiovisual translation is in local media outlets, focusing on how it can help in promoting bilingualism; promote the use of subtitling in the Cameroonian audiovisual media landscape; and assess the pivotal role of the audiovisual translator in this sector. A sample of 151 persons was used. Questionnaires were administered to respondents and stakeholders were interviewed in two media houses: Hi TV and CRTV. Hi TV is based in an English-speaking region, and CRTV is a State-owned media house and believed to have the widest audience in the country. Findings revealed that subtitling does not only provide TV viewers with information in their second official language, but also enables them to improve on their reading and writing skills, as well as their bilingualism, among others. Subtitling is not advanced in media houses in Cameroon. Recommendations were made to improve on the practice of subtitling in media houses in Cameroon. These include increasing the level of subtitled programmes broadcast on TV stations, raising awareness on the importance of media information access by the hearing impaired; creating an audiovisual translation unit in each TV broadcasting house and recruiting audiovisual translators; voting of laws to make the subtitling of some, if not, all TV programmes broadcast by Cameroonian TV channels mandatory; educating the public on the importance of subtitling by gradually introducing them to viewers through TV programmes, so that their eyes and mind could progressively get used to watching subtitled material and thus avoid total rejection of the subtitles; and training more audiovisual translators in Cameroon.
{"title":"Subtitling as a Vector for the Promotion of Bilingualism and Patriotism","authors":"Lum Suzanne Ayonghe, Godson Enowmbi Besong","doi":"10.4314/JCAS.V16I3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JCAS.V16I3.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at showing that subtitling can be used to foster bilingualism and patriotism in Cameroon. The objectives are to investigate how deeply rooted the practice of audiovisual translation is in local media outlets, focusing on how it can help in promoting bilingualism; promote the use of subtitling in the Cameroonian audiovisual media landscape; and assess the pivotal role of the audiovisual translator in this sector. A sample of 151 persons was used. Questionnaires were administered to respondents and stakeholders were interviewed in two media houses: Hi TV and CRTV. Hi TV is based in an English-speaking region, and CRTV is a State-owned media house and believed to have the widest audience in the country. Findings revealed that subtitling does not only provide TV viewers with information in their second official language, but also enables them to improve on their reading and writing skills, as well as their bilingualism, among others. Subtitling is not advanced in media houses in Cameroon. Recommendations were made to improve on the practice of subtitling in media houses in Cameroon. These include increasing the level of subtitled programmes broadcast on TV stations, raising awareness on the importance of media information access by the hearing impaired; creating an audiovisual translation unit in each TV broadcasting house and recruiting audiovisual translators; voting of laws to make the subtitling of some, if not, all TV programmes broadcast by Cameroonian TV channels mandatory; educating the public on the importance of subtitling by gradually introducing them to viewers through TV programmes, so that their eyes and mind could progressively get used to watching subtitled material and thus avoid total rejection of the subtitles; and training more audiovisual translators in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":383706,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Cameroon academy of sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121584984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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