This paper presents a developed design and construction to improve the performance and increasing the density measuring capability of the previous Hydrostatic Weighing Apparatus (HWA-NIS) at the National Institute of Standards (NIS) up to 20 kg. The previous (HWA-NIS) has been constructed up to 10 kg on 2014. The 2-Positions mass handler in the previous (HWA) was developed with 4-Positions pentagon shape to be able to make handling for individual masses in a group at once, when transferring the traceability from the primary standard “the Silicon Sphere” to the standard masses in the density scale weighing process. The weighing pan in the previous (HWA) was developed with four suspension wires with a diameter of 0.3 mm each, leads to reduce the surface tension affect on the measurement uncertainty by factor four times. The density of the standard masses in the range from 2 kg up to 20 kg were measured with an improved expanded uncertainty from 0.150 kg/m3to 0.078 kg/m3respectively due to reducing the effect of surface tension via the developed design of the weighing pan.
{"title":"Developing the NIS solid density hydrostatic weighing system up to 20 kg","authors":"M. Hamdy, M. Bayoumi, A. Abuelezz, A. Eltawil","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a developed design and construction to improve the performance and increasing the density measuring capability of the previous Hydrostatic Weighing Apparatus (HWA-NIS) at the National Institute of Standards (NIS) up to 20 kg. The previous (HWA-NIS) has been constructed up to 10 kg on 2014. The 2-Positions mass handler in the previous (HWA) was developed with 4-Positions pentagon shape to be able to make handling for individual masses in a group at once, when transferring the traceability from the primary standard “the Silicon Sphere” to the standard masses in the density scale weighing process. The weighing pan in the previous (HWA) was developed with four suspension wires with a diameter of 0.3 mm each, leads to reduce the surface tension affect on the measurement uncertainty by factor four times. The density of the standard masses in the range from 2 kg up to 20 kg were measured with an improved expanded uncertainty from 0.150 kg/m3to 0.078 kg/m3respectively due to reducing the effect of surface tension via the developed design of the weighing pan.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57885975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid escalation of the number of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) cases has forced countries around the world to implement systems for the widest possible testing of their populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) has in fact urged all countries to carry out as many tests as they can. Clinical laboratories have had to respond urgently to numerous and rising demands for diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of laboratories have had to implement the RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase − Polymerase Chain Reaction) test method without the benefit of adequate experimental feedback. It is hoped that this article will make a useful contribution in the form of a methodology for the risk analysis of SARS-CoV-2 testing by RT-PCR and at the same time result reliability analysis of diagnostic tests, via an approach based on a combination of Fishbone Diagram and FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) methods. The risk analysis is based on lessons learned from the actual experience of a real laboratory, which enabled the authors to pinpoint the principal risks that impact the reliability of RT-PCR test results. The probability of obtaining erroneous results (false positives or negatives) is implicit in the criticality assessment obtained via FMECA. In other words, the higher the criticality, the higher the risk of obtaining an erroneous result. These risks must therefore be controlled as a priority. The principal risks are studied for the following process stages: nucleic acid extraction, preparation of the mix and validation of results. For the extraction of nucleic acids, highly critical risks (exceeding the threshold set from experimentation) are the risk of error when depositing samples on the extraction plate and sample non-conformity. For the preparation of the mix the highest risks are a non-homogenous mix and, predominantly, errors when depositing samples on the amplification plate. For the validation of results, criticality can reach the maximum severity rating: here, the risks that require particular attention concern the interpretation of raw test data, poor IQC (Internal Quality Control) management and the manual entry of results and/or file numbers. Recommendations are therefore made with regard to human factor influences, internal contamination within the laboratory, management of reagents, other consumables and critical equipment, and the effect of sample quality. This article demonstrates the necessity to monitor, both internally and externally, the performance of the test process within a clinical laboratory in terms of quality and reliability.
{"title":"Reliability of RT-PCR tests to detect SARS-CoV-2: risk analysis","authors":"Clément Bezier, G. Anthoine, A. Charki","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020009","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid escalation of the number of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) cases has forced countries around the world to implement systems for the widest possible testing of their populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) has in fact urged all countries to carry out as many tests as they can. Clinical laboratories have had to respond urgently to numerous and rising demands for diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of laboratories have had to implement the RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase − Polymerase Chain Reaction) test method without the benefit of adequate experimental feedback. It is hoped that this article will make a useful contribution in the form of a methodology for the risk analysis of SARS-CoV-2 testing by RT-PCR and at the same time result reliability analysis of diagnostic tests, via an approach based on a combination of Fishbone Diagram and FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) methods. The risk analysis is based on lessons learned from the actual experience of a real laboratory, which enabled the authors to pinpoint the principal risks that impact the reliability of RT-PCR test results. The probability of obtaining erroneous results (false positives or negatives) is implicit in the criticality assessment obtained via FMECA. In other words, the higher the criticality, the higher the risk of obtaining an erroneous result. These risks must therefore be controlled as a priority. The principal risks are studied for the following process stages: nucleic acid extraction, preparation of the mix and validation of results. For the extraction of nucleic acids, highly critical risks (exceeding the threshold set from experimentation) are the risk of error when depositing samples on the extraction plate and sample non-conformity. For the preparation of the mix the highest risks are a non-homogenous mix and, predominantly, errors when depositing samples on the amplification plate. For the validation of results, criticality can reach the maximum severity rating: here, the risks that require particular attention concern the interpretation of raw test data, poor IQC (Internal Quality Control) management and the manual entry of results and/or file numbers. Recommendations are therefore made with regard to human factor influences, internal contamination within the laboratory, management of reagents, other consumables and critical equipment, and the effect of sample quality. This article demonstrates the necessity to monitor, both internally and externally, the performance of the test process within a clinical laboratory in terms of quality and reliability.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measurement systems analysis (MSA) is a set of requirements and procedures adopted by the automotive industry and other disciplines to evaluate the accuracy and precision of measurement systems through assessing and quantifying the random and systematic errors and assigning appropriate dispositions for tolerance and performance acceptance. The methodology of variable data MSA comprises studies of a system's stability, bias, linearity and gage repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R). This paper describes advances in referencing and criteria for estimation of uncertainty errors, dispositions, and acceptability of MSA bias and linearity, proposing an extension to the basic statistical zero null-hypothesis to include overlap between confidence intervals and uncertainty associated with the reference standards used in bias and linearity studies.
{"title":"Variable data measurement systems analysis: advances in gage bias and linearity referencing and acceptability","authors":"Mahjoub Abdelgadir, C. Gerling, J. L. Dobson","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020010","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement systems analysis (MSA) is a set of requirements and procedures adopted by the automotive industry and other disciplines to evaluate the accuracy and precision of measurement systems through assessing and quantifying the random and systematic errors and assigning appropriate dispositions for tolerance and performance acceptance. The methodology of variable data MSA comprises studies of a system's stability, bias, linearity and gage repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R). This paper describes advances in referencing and criteria for estimation of uncertainty errors, dispositions, and acceptability of MSA bias and linearity, proposing an extension to the basic statistical zero null-hypothesis to include overlap between confidence intervals and uncertainty associated with the reference standards used in bias and linearity studies.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the face of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) has urged countries to test the population more widely. Clinical laboratories have been confronted with a huge demand for testing and have had to make urgent preparations for staff training, to establish new analytical processes, reorganize the workspace, and stock up on specific equipment and diagnostic test kits. The reliability of SARS-Cov-2 test results is of critical importance, given the impact it has on patient care and the management of the health crisis. A review of the literature available for the period leading up to and including June 2020 on the reliability of SARS-Cov-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) detection methods using real-time RT PCR (Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction) brings together the primary factors teams of scientists claim or demonstrate to affect the reliability of results. A description is given of the RT-PCR testing method, followed by a presentation of the characteristics and validation techniques used. A summary of data from the literature on the reliability of tests and commercial kits for SARS-Cov-2 detection, including current uncertainties with regard to the molecular targets selected and genetic diversity of SARS-Cov-2 is provided. The limitations and perspectives are then discussed in detail in the light of the bibliographic data available. Many questions have been asked that still remain unanswered. The lack of knowledge about this novel virus, which appeared at the end of 2019, has a significant impact on the technical capacity to develop reliable, rapid and practical tools for its detection.
{"title":"Reliability of real-time RT-PCR tests to detect SARS-Cov-2: A literature review","authors":"Clément Bezier, G. Anthoine, A. Charki","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020014","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) has urged countries to test the population more widely. Clinical laboratories have been confronted with a huge demand for testing and have had to make urgent preparations for staff training, to establish new analytical processes, reorganize the workspace, and stock up on specific equipment and diagnostic test kits. The reliability of SARS-Cov-2 test results is of critical importance, given the impact it has on patient care and the management of the health crisis. A review of the literature available for the period leading up to and including June 2020 on the reliability of SARS-Cov-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) detection methods using real-time RT PCR (Reverse Transcription - Polymerase Chain Reaction) brings together the primary factors teams of scientists claim or demonstrate to affect the reliability of results. A description is given of the RT-PCR testing method, followed by a presentation of the characteristics and validation techniques used. A summary of data from the literature on the reliability of tests and commercial kits for SARS-Cov-2 detection, including current uncertainties with regard to the molecular targets selected and genetic diversity of SARS-Cov-2 is provided. The limitations and perspectives are then discussed in detail in the light of the bibliographic data available. Many questions have been asked that still remain unanswered. The lack of knowledge about this novel virus, which appeared at the end of 2019, has a significant impact on the technical capacity to develop reliable, rapid and practical tools for its detection.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ijmqe/2020014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, with the irresistible pace of e-commerce development, e-commerce logistics orders show blowout growth. For the logistics industry, it is both an opportunity and a difficult problem as there are many problems such as low technology content and poor distribution efficiency. Therefore, it is a challenge that needs to be tackled to integrate technology accurately with the operation mode of e-commerce logistics. In order to improve the effect of logistics operation, bring convenience to the management of business logistics, and ultimately realize the maximum profit of logistics enterprises, based on two-dimensional code technology, this study took the specific mode of logistics operation as the research subject, applied the corresponding two-dimensional code generated to three different logistics processes, put forward specific optimization schemes, and carried out the analysis of the application results. The results showed that the intervention of two-dimensional code could protect users' privacy, prevent channel conflict, and realize logistics tracing of product information, thus effectively improve the logistics operation mode.
{"title":"Operation mode of electric business logistics based on the application of two-dimensional code technology","authors":"Jing Rao","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020001","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, with the irresistible pace of e-commerce development, e-commerce logistics orders show blowout growth. For the logistics industry, it is both an opportunity and a difficult problem as there are many problems such as low technology content and poor distribution efficiency. Therefore, it is a challenge that needs to be tackled to integrate technology accurately with the operation mode of e-commerce logistics. In order to improve the effect of logistics operation, bring convenience to the management of business logistics, and ultimately realize the maximum profit of logistics enterprises, based on two-dimensional code technology, this study took the specific mode of logistics operation as the research subject, applied the corresponding two-dimensional code generated to three different logistics processes, put forward specific optimization schemes, and carried out the analysis of the application results. The results showed that the intervention of two-dimensional code could protect users' privacy, prevent channel conflict, and realize logistics tracing of product information, thus effectively improve the logistics operation mode.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ijmqe/2020001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pressure balances are known to have a linear straight line equation of the formy = ax + bthat relates the applied pressurexto the effective areay, and recent work has investigated the use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Weighted Least Squares (WLS), and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression schemes in order to quantify the expected values of the zero-pressure areaA0 = band distortion coefficientλ = a/bin pressure balance models of the formy = A0(1 + λx). The limitations with conventional OLS, WLS and GLS approaches is that whilst they may be used to quantify the uncertaintiesu(a) andu(b) and the covariancecov(a,b), it is technically challenging to analytically quantify the covariance termcov(A0,λ) without additional Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper, we revisit an earlier Weighted Total Least Squares with Correlation (WTLSC) algorithm to determine the variancesu2(a) andu2(b) along with the covariancecov(a,b), and develop a simple analytical approach to directly infer the corresponding covariancecov(A0,λ) for pressure metrology uncertainty analysis work. Results are compared to OLS, WLS and GLS approaches and indicate that the WTLSC approach may be preferable as it avoids the need for Monte Carlo simulations and additional numerical post-processing to fit and quantify the covariance term, and is thus simpler and more suitable for industrial metrology pressure calibration laboratories. Novel aspects is that a Gnu Octave/Matlab program for easily implementing the WTLSC algorithm to calculate parameter expected values, variances and covariances is also supplied and reported.
{"title":"Comparison of straight line curve fit approaches for determining parameter variances and covariances","authors":"V. Ramnath","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020011","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure balances are known to have a linear straight line equation of the formy = ax + bthat relates the applied pressurexto the effective areay, and recent work has investigated the use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Weighted Least Squares (WLS), and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression schemes in order to quantify the expected values of the zero-pressure areaA0 = band distortion coefficientλ = a/bin pressure balance models of the formy = A0(1 + λx). The limitations with conventional OLS, WLS and GLS approaches is that whilst they may be used to quantify the uncertaintiesu(a) andu(b) and the covariancecov(a,b), it is technically challenging to analytically quantify the covariance termcov(A0,λ) without additional Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper, we revisit an earlier Weighted Total Least Squares with Correlation (WTLSC) algorithm to determine the variancesu2(a) andu2(b) along with the covariancecov(a,b), and develop a simple analytical approach to directly infer the corresponding covariancecov(A0,λ) for pressure metrology uncertainty analysis work. Results are compared to OLS, WLS and GLS approaches and indicate that the WTLSC approach may be preferable as it avoids the need for Monte Carlo simulations and additional numerical post-processing to fit and quantify the covariance term, and is thus simpler and more suitable for industrial metrology pressure calibration laboratories. Novel aspects is that a Gnu Octave/Matlab program for easily implementing the WTLSC algorithm to calculate parameter expected values, variances and covariances is also supplied and reported.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In scientific metrology practise the application of Monte Carlo simulations with the aid of the GUM Supplement 2 (GS2) technique for performing multivariate uncertainty analyses is now more prevalent, however a key remaining challenge for metrologists in many laboratories is the implicit assumption of Gaussian characteristics for summarizing and analysing measurement model results. Whilst non-Gaussian probability density functions (PDFs) may result from Monte Carlo simulations when the GS2 is applied for more complex non-linear measurement models, in practice results are typically only reported in terms of multivariate expected and covariance values. Due to this limitation the measurement model PDF summary is implicitly restricted to a multivariate Gaussian PDF in the absence of additional higher order statistics (HOS) information. In this paper an earlier classical theoretical result by Rosenblatt that allows for an arbitrary multivariate joint distribution function to be transformed into an equivalent system of Gaussian distributions with mapped variables is revisited. Numerical simulations are performed in order to analyse and compare the accuracy of the equivalent Gaussian system of mapped random variables for approximating a measurement model’s PDF with that of an exact non-Gaussian PDF that is obtained with a GS2 Monte Carlo statistical simulation. Results obtained from the investigation indicate that a Rosenblatt transformation offers a convenient mechanism to utilize just the joint PDF obtained from the GS2 data in order to both sample points from a non-Gaussian distribution, and also in addition which allows for a simple two-dimensional approach to estimate coupled uncertainties of random variables residing in higher dimensions using conditional densities without the need for determining parametric based copulas.
{"title":"Analysis of approximations of GUM supplement 2 based non-Gaussian PDFs of measurement models with Rosenblatt Gaussian transformation mappings","authors":"V. Ramnath","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2019018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2019018","url":null,"abstract":"In scientific metrology practise the application of Monte Carlo simulations with the aid of the GUM Supplement 2 (GS2) technique for performing multivariate uncertainty analyses is now more prevalent, however a key remaining challenge for metrologists in many laboratories is the implicit assumption of Gaussian characteristics for summarizing and analysing measurement model results. Whilst non-Gaussian probability density functions (PDFs) may result from Monte Carlo simulations when the GS2 is applied for more complex non-linear measurement models, in practice results are typically only reported in terms of multivariate expected and covariance values. Due to this limitation the measurement model PDF summary is implicitly restricted to a multivariate Gaussian PDF in the absence of additional higher order statistics (HOS) information. In this paper an earlier classical theoretical result by Rosenblatt that allows for an arbitrary multivariate joint distribution function to be transformed into an equivalent system of Gaussian distributions with mapped variables is revisited. Numerical simulations are performed in order to analyse and compare the accuracy of the equivalent Gaussian system of mapped random variables for approximating a measurement model’s PDF with that of an exact non-Gaussian PDF that is obtained with a GS2 Monte Carlo statistical simulation. Results obtained from the investigation indicate that a Rosenblatt transformation offers a convenient mechanism to utilize just the joint PDF obtained from the GS2 data in order to both sample points from a non-Gaussian distribution, and also in addition which allows for a simple two-dimensional approach to estimate coupled uncertainties of random variables residing in higher dimensions using conditional densities without the need for determining parametric based copulas.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ijmqe/2019018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All kinds of flour products which are made of wheat flour have already become the staple food on people's dining table. With the improvement of living standard, the quality requirements for the flour products have gradually improved. In addition to the production technique, the quality of wheat flour as the raw material is also very important for the quality of flour products. This paper briefly introduced wheat flour and two main components that affected its quality: starch and protein. Then, the related quality of starch and protein and the quality of corresponding flour products were tested for five kinds of wheat flour. The experimental results showed that the quality indexes of five kinds of wheat flour were obviously different and representative. The regression analysis on the quality data of wheat flour and flour products showed that the water absorption of flour decreased with the increase of total starch content, dry gluten content and gluten index, the water solubility of flour decreased with the increase of total starch content and gluten index and increased with the increase of ratio of amylose to amylopectin, and the radial expansion rate of the flour products decreased with the increase of wet gluten content. To sum up, the quality of wheat flour will affect the water absorption, water solubility and radial expansion rate of flour products in the production process.
{"title":"Effect of wheat flour with different quality in the process of making flour products","authors":"A. Zhang","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020005","url":null,"abstract":"All kinds of flour products which are made of wheat flour have already become the staple food on people's dining table. With the improvement of living standard, the quality requirements for the flour products have gradually improved. In addition to the production technique, the quality of wheat flour as the raw material is also very important for the quality of flour products. This paper briefly introduced wheat flour and two main components that affected its quality: starch and protein. Then, the related quality of starch and protein and the quality of corresponding flour products were tested for five kinds of wheat flour. The experimental results showed that the quality indexes of five kinds of wheat flour were obviously different and representative. The regression analysis on the quality data of wheat flour and flour products showed that the water absorption of flour decreased with the increase of total starch content, dry gluten content and gluten index, the water solubility of flour decreased with the increase of total starch content and gluten index and increased with the increase of ratio of amylose to amylopectin, and the radial expansion rate of the flour products decreased with the increase of wet gluten content. To sum up, the quality of wheat flour will affect the water absorption, water solubility and radial expansion rate of flour products in the production process.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ijmqe/2020005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57885962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electromyography (EMG) signal contains a large amount of human motion information, which can be used to classify human actions. In this study, based on the detection of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal, three actions were designed, the sEMG signal was collected by the EMG acquisition system. Four feature values, including root-mean-square value, average absolute value (MAV), wavelength, and Zero crossing point, were extracted from the signal. Then these values were taken as the input of Back-Propagation neural network (BPNN) to recognize different actions, thereby realizing the real-time control of mechanical simulated arm. The experiment found that the training time of the BPNN method designed in this study was short, 11.36 s, and the average recognition accuracy rate reached 92.2%. In the real-time control experiment of mechanical simulated arm, the recognition accuracy of different actions reached more than 90%, and the running time was short. The experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method and make some contributions to the efficient control of the mechanical simulation arm.
{"title":"Action recognition and control of mechanical simulated arm: electromyographic signal detection","authors":"Genlai Lv","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020008","url":null,"abstract":"Electromyography (EMG) signal contains a large amount of human motion information, which can be used to classify human actions. In this study, based on the detection of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal, three actions were designed, the sEMG signal was collected by the EMG acquisition system. Four feature values, including root-mean-square value, average absolute value (MAV), wavelength, and Zero crossing point, were extracted from the signal. Then these values were taken as the input of Back-Propagation neural network (BPNN) to recognize different actions, thereby realizing the real-time control of mechanical simulated arm. The experiment found that the training time of the BPNN method designed in this study was short, 11.36 s, and the average recognition accuracy rate reached 92.2%. In the real-time control experiment of mechanical simulated arm, the recognition accuracy of different actions reached more than 90%, and the running time was short. The experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method and make some contributions to the efficient control of the mechanical simulation arm.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57885990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. R. Tasé Velázquez, E. Costa Monteiro, Daniel Ramos Louzada, C. H. Barbosa
This work presents the adaptation of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach for application in the quality assurance of a biomedical measuring system under development. First attempts in applying QbD to biomedical technologies indicated a significantly higher number of parameters than its traditional application in the pharmaceutical industry. These preliminary studies did not fulfill the QbD stage of Design Space (DS) configuration for biomedical devices, an essential step to identifying the proper operating ranges of parameters and guaranteeing quality features. Therefore, it persisted the challenge of configuring DS for health devices, overcoming dependences in the interaction of multiple process parameters and critical attributes. The present work develops a hybrid QbD-Fuzzy approach for multiparametric DS configuration. The proposed method was applied in the development phase of a low-cost and high-sensitive magnetic measuring system for locating metallic foreign bodies in patients, employing sensors based on the Giant Magnetoimpedance effect. The results provided the acceptable operating ranges of the multiple process parameters to ensure the biomedical equipment's suitability. The proposed strategy contributes to the QbD implementation in biomedical technologies and, therefore, promotes the reliability of diagnostic and therapeutic results in the clinical environment.
{"title":"Multiparametric quality by design-fuzzy model applied in the development of a biomedical measuring system","authors":"D. R. Tasé Velázquez, E. Costa Monteiro, Daniel Ramos Louzada, C. H. Barbosa","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2020013","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the adaptation of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach for application in the quality assurance of a biomedical measuring system under development. First attempts in applying QbD to biomedical technologies indicated a significantly higher number of parameters than its traditional application in the pharmaceutical industry. These preliminary studies did not fulfill the QbD stage of Design Space (DS) configuration for biomedical devices, an essential step to identifying the proper operating ranges of parameters and guaranteeing quality features. Therefore, it persisted the challenge of configuring DS for health devices, overcoming dependences in the interaction of multiple process parameters and critical attributes. The present work develops a hybrid QbD-Fuzzy approach for multiparametric DS configuration. The proposed method was applied in the development phase of a low-cost and high-sensitive magnetic measuring system for locating metallic foreign bodies in patients, employing sensors based on the Giant Magnetoimpedance effect. The results provided the acceptable operating ranges of the multiple process parameters to ensure the biomedical equipment's suitability. The proposed strategy contributes to the QbD implementation in biomedical technologies and, therefore, promotes the reliability of diagnostic and therapeutic results in the clinical environment.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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