The present article describes an acoustic thermometer to measure the average air temperature integrated along a path ranging from 1 m to 11 m. It is based on time-of-flight measurement of ultrasound pulses at frequencies close to 40 kHz. Several methods for the detection of arrival times were investigated, notably cross-correlation and cross-spectrum. The uncertainty of the instrument itself, independent of that of the Cramer equation has been estimated at between 0.13 K to 0.09 K for distances ranging from 3 m to 11 m respectively. In practice, an experimental comparison with Pt100 probes (uncertainty of 0.1 K) has shown that the estimated uncertainty levels are relatively compatible, although the linearity of the system does not appear to be very good. To solve this problem, appropriate values for the Cramer coefficients a0 and a1 for an acoustic frequency of about 40 kHz have been determined, which contributes to improved knowledge of this equation as a function of acoustic frequency.
{"title":"Acoustic thermometer operating up to 11 m: uncertainty assessment and new values for Cramer coefficients around 40 kHz","authors":"Karim-Mounssif Mimoune, J. Guillory, Mark Plimmer","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2023011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2023011","url":null,"abstract":"The present article describes an acoustic thermometer to measure the average air temperature integrated along a path ranging from 1 m to 11 m. It is based on time-of-flight measurement of ultrasound pulses at frequencies close to 40 kHz. Several methods for the detection of arrival times were investigated, notably cross-correlation and cross-spectrum. The uncertainty of the instrument itself, independent of that of the Cramer equation has been estimated at between 0.13 K to 0.09 K for distances ranging from 3 m to 11 m respectively. In practice, an experimental comparison with Pt100 probes (uncertainty of 0.1 K) has shown that the estimated uncertainty levels are relatively compatible, although the linearity of the system does not appear to be very good. To solve this problem, appropriate values for the Cramer coefficients a0 and a1 for an acoustic frequency of about 40 kHz have been determined, which contributes to improved knowledge of this equation as a function of acoustic frequency.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A linear pyrometer is used to realize the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) for temperature ranges above 961.78 °C in most National Metrology Institute (NMI) radiation thermometry labs. The different components of the linear pyrometer system working together to measure temperature may exhibit some errors which should be accounted for. The errors can be characterized by several equipment parameters that should be measured before the radiation thermometer is used to realize ITS-90 temperatures. Relative spectral responsivity (s), size of source effect (SSE), gain ratio (GR), non-linearity (NL), distance effect (DE), temperature coefficient and zero drift are all major equipment parameters that characterize the efficiency of a linear pyrometer in realizing ITS-90. In this work, an attempt was made to describe and demonstrate these major parameters by using actual measured characterization results of a linear pyrometer. Uncertainty contributions from some of the parameters considered in scale realizations was also demonstrated using the measurement results.
{"title":"Characterizing a linear pyrometer at the National Metrology Institute of South Africa","authors":"E. Ejigu","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2023002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2023002","url":null,"abstract":"A linear pyrometer is used to realize the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) for temperature ranges above 961.78 °C in most National Metrology Institute (NMI) radiation thermometry labs. The different components of the linear pyrometer system working together to measure temperature may exhibit some errors which should be accounted for. The errors can be characterized by several equipment parameters that should be measured before the radiation thermometer is used to realize ITS-90 temperatures. Relative spectral responsivity (s), size of source effect (SSE), gain ratio (GR), non-linearity (NL), distance effect (DE), temperature coefficient and zero drift are all major equipment parameters that characterize the efficiency of a linear pyrometer in realizing ITS-90. In this work, an attempt was made to describe and demonstrate these major parameters by using actual measured characterization results of a linear pyrometer. Uncertainty contributions from some of the parameters considered in scale realizations was also demonstrated using the measurement results.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianhai Peng, Fan Yang, Lei Su, Lingyan Sun, Yu Chen
Fires caused by electrical reasons such as short circuits and leakage in low-voltage distribution network lines account for a relatively large proportion of the high-rise building fires. Building an electrical fire monitoring system for high-rise buildings based on the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology can monitor electrical circuits in real-time and reduce electrical fires. Aiming at the interconnection and intercommunication of the information exchange of the IoT terminals in the electrical fire monitoring system of high-rise buildings, this paper firstly analyzes the functional communication requirements of the electrical fire monitoring system of high-rise buildings, and combined with the requirements of functional communication, the information model required for electrical quantity collection and non-electricity collection functions is studied based on IEC 61850, which is conducive to the fusion and application of low-voltage distribution network monitoring data and existing distribution automation system data. At the same time, the location information logical node is established by supplementing, which realizes the determination of the spatial position of the terminal and the sensor, the location of the fire source can be determined by analyzing and calculating according to the spatial location information and the spatiotemporal sequence of the detection information. Finally, the information modeling of different types of monitoring terminal equipment is carried out and the configuration suggestion based on SCL language is proposed. By realizing the integration of low-voltage terminal unit (LTU) into the system and the configuration of LTU, the standard system of IEC 61850 can be actually operated. A monitoring terminal based on the proposed information model has been developed and applied to a building in Wuhan.
{"title":"Information model of power distribution IoT terminal for high-rise building electrical fire monitoring","authors":"Tianhai Peng, Fan Yang, Lei Su, Lingyan Sun, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2023005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2023005","url":null,"abstract":"Fires caused by electrical reasons such as short circuits and leakage in low-voltage distribution network lines account for a relatively large proportion of the high-rise building fires. Building an electrical fire monitoring system for high-rise buildings based on the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology can monitor electrical circuits in real-time and reduce electrical fires. Aiming at the interconnection and intercommunication of the information exchange of the IoT terminals in the electrical fire monitoring system of high-rise buildings, this paper firstly analyzes the functional communication requirements of the electrical fire monitoring system of high-rise buildings, and combined with the requirements of functional communication, the information model required for electrical quantity collection and non-electricity collection functions is studied based on IEC 61850, which is conducive to the fusion and application of low-voltage distribution network monitoring data and existing distribution automation system data. At the same time, the location information logical node is established by supplementing, which realizes the determination of the spatial position of the terminal and the sensor, the location of the fire source can be determined by analyzing and calculating according to the spatial location information and the spatiotemporal sequence of the detection information. Finally, the information modeling of different types of monitoring terminal equipment is carried out and the configuration suggestion based on SCL language is proposed. By realizing the integration of low-voltage terminal unit (LTU) into the system and the configuration of LTU, the standard system of IEC 61850 can be actually operated. A monitoring terminal based on the proposed information model has been developed and applied to a building in Wuhan.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57887295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for multivariate measurand equations requires an expected vector value and a corresponding covariance matrix in order to accurately calculate measurement uncertainties for models that involve correlation effects. Typically in scientific metrology applications the covariance matrix is estimated from Monte Carlo numerical simulations with the assumption of a Gaussian joint probability density function, however this procedure is often times considered too complex or cumbersome for many practicing metrologists in industrial metrology calibration laboratories, and as a result a problem which occurs is that correlation effects are frequently omitted so that uncertainties are approximated through a simple root-sum-square of uncertainties which leads to inaccuracies of measurement uncertainties. In this paper, a general purpose deterministic approach is developed using a computer algebra system (CAS) approach that avoids the need for Monte Carlo simulations in order to analytically construct the covariance matrix for arbitrary nonlinear implicit multivariate measurement models. An illustrative example for a multivariate Sakuma-Hattori pyrometer equation with the proposed method is demonstrated with explanations of underlying Python code.
{"title":"Determining the covariance matrix for a nonlinear implicit multivariate measurement equation uncertainty analysis","authors":"V. Ramnath","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2022008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022008","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for multivariate measurand equations requires an expected vector value and a corresponding covariance matrix in order to accurately calculate measurement uncertainties for models that involve correlation effects. Typically in scientific metrology applications the covariance matrix is estimated from Monte Carlo numerical simulations with the assumption of a Gaussian joint probability density function, however this procedure is often times considered too complex or cumbersome for many practicing metrologists in industrial metrology calibration laboratories, and as a result a problem which occurs is that correlation effects are frequently omitted so that uncertainties are approximated through a simple root-sum-square of uncertainties which leads to inaccuracies of measurement uncertainties. In this paper, a general purpose deterministic approach is developed using a computer algebra system (CAS) approach that avoids the need for Monte Carlo simulations in order to analytically construct the covariance matrix for arbitrary nonlinear implicit multivariate measurement models. An illustrative example for a multivariate Sakuma-Hattori pyrometer equation with the proposed method is demonstrated with explanations of underlying Python code.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heber Figueiredo Junior, R. Moreira, pedro bastos costa
The Feeler PIG is equipment that uses a geometric sensor to carry out the internal inspection of piping of different sizes. Several experiments on laboratory benches were carried out to evaluate the measuring accuracy of the Feeler PIG, considering a rotating metallic disk with discontinuities machined in its body and a single sensor for the detection of defects. The present work aims to study the measurement uncertainties with the Feeler PIG, through a laboratory experiment, comparing the results found by the device measurements, in a pipe with a nominal diameter of 6” in PVC, with synthetic discontinuities made in a calibrated 3D printer in a laboratory. The tests were based on the operational use of the PIG, in which it moves inside the pipe under different speed conditions and with an arrangement of synthetic discontinuities with 5 different geometries. The methodology used was the same performed in a calibration laboratory, in which the sum of type A and B uncertainties are multiplied by the coverage factor (k), which proved capable of reaching expanded uncertainties of the order of ± 3.1% to 5.0% using a confidence level of 95.45%.
{"title":"Discontinuity measurement uncertainty evaluation using the Feeler PIG","authors":"Heber Figueiredo Junior, R. Moreira, pedro bastos costa","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2022017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022017","url":null,"abstract":"The Feeler PIG is equipment that uses a geometric sensor to carry out the internal inspection of piping of different sizes. Several experiments on laboratory benches were carried out to evaluate the measuring accuracy of the Feeler PIG, considering a rotating metallic disk with discontinuities machined in its body and a single sensor for the detection of defects. The present work aims to study the measurement uncertainties with the Feeler PIG, through a laboratory experiment, comparing the results found by the device measurements, in a pipe with a nominal diameter of 6” in PVC, with synthetic discontinuities made in a calibrated 3D printer in a laboratory. The tests were based on the operational use of the PIG, in which it moves inside the pipe under different speed conditions and with an arrangement of synthetic discontinuities with 5 different geometries. The methodology used was the same performed in a calibration laboratory, in which the sum of type A and B uncertainties are multiplied by the coverage factor (k), which proved capable of reaching expanded uncertainties of the order of ± 3.1% to 5.0% using a confidence level of 95.45%.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are used in many fields so as to rank alternatives and find the best one. However, rank reversal after adding or removing an alternative can occur in using some of the methods. In this study, two methods RAFSI and PIV were compared for application of making multi-criteria decisions. They are known to be capable of avoiding rank reversal problems. Sixteen 9XC steel turning tests were performed for the experiment. Tool holder length, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut are parameters that vary in each test. Three criteria for evaluating the turning process consist of MRR, RE and Ra. Four methods including MEREC, ROC, RS and EQUAL were used for determining weights of the criteria. The blend of two multi-criteria decision making methods (RAFSI and PIV) with four weight-determining methods resulted in eight ranking options. This is a new approach of the study. A positive outcome was reached that all eight ranking options identified the same best test. The best experiment must ensure to have maximum MRR and minimum RE and Ra simultaneously. A detailed discussion of the ranking results in each case was also carried out. Finally, the directions and issues that need to be studied further were pointed out in this paper as well.
{"title":"Comparison of the RAFSI and PIV method in multi-criteria decision making: application to turning processes","authors":"D. Trung, H. Thinh, Le Dang Ha","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2022014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022014","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are used in many fields so as to rank alternatives and find the best one. However, rank reversal after adding or removing an alternative can occur in using some of the methods. In this study, two methods RAFSI and PIV were compared for application of making multi-criteria decisions. They are known to be capable of avoiding rank reversal problems. Sixteen 9XC steel turning tests were performed for the experiment. Tool holder length, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut are parameters that vary in each test. Three criteria for evaluating the turning process consist of MRR, RE and Ra. Four methods including MEREC, ROC, RS and EQUAL were used for determining weights of the criteria. The blend of two multi-criteria decision making methods (RAFSI and PIV) with four weight-determining methods resulted in eight ranking options. This is a new approach of the study. A positive outcome was reached that all eight ranking options identified the same best test. The best experiment must ensure to have maximum MRR and minimum RE and Ra simultaneously. A detailed discussion of the ranking results in each case was also carried out. Finally, the directions and issues that need to be studied further were pointed out in this paper as well.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Yang, Zhuoyuan Cai, Lei Su, Y. Xue, Xiao Chen, Yu Shen, Junjie Wang
Frequent building electrical fire accidents have brought great harm to life and property. In order to prevent the occurrence of accidents and reduce the losses to the greatest extent, it is necessary to take effective measures for building electrical fires. Based on the Internet of things (IoT) technology, a system for online monitoring and cause identification of building electrical fire is proposed in this paper. For both hardware and software, this paper introduces the overall structure, component units and system functions in detail. According to the characteristics of arc fault and fire, the complete scheme of online monitoring is given, and the system workflow is also described to realize the cause identification. Finally, the effectiveness of this system is verified by practical testing. The results show that the proposed system is helpful to solve the problems in monitoring and cause identification of building electrical fire, which can not only provide decision-making basis for firefighting, but also provide strong technical support for improving the safety of low-voltage power grid.
{"title":"Research on online monitoring and cause identification system of building electrical fire","authors":"F. Yang, Zhuoyuan Cai, Lei Su, Y. Xue, Xiao Chen, Yu Shen, Junjie Wang","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2022009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022009","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent building electrical fire accidents have brought great harm to life and property. In order to prevent the occurrence of accidents and reduce the losses to the greatest extent, it is necessary to take effective measures for building electrical fires. Based on the Internet of things (IoT) technology, a system for online monitoring and cause identification of building electrical fire is proposed in this paper. For both hardware and software, this paper introduces the overall structure, component units and system functions in detail. According to the characteristics of arc fault and fire, the complete scheme of online monitoring is given, and the system workflow is also described to realize the cause identification. Finally, the effectiveness of this system is verified by practical testing. The results show that the proposed system is helpful to solve the problems in monitoring and cause identification of building electrical fire, which can not only provide decision-making basis for firefighting, but also provide strong technical support for improving the safety of low-voltage power grid.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dahnel, Muhamad Ali Abdul Ghani, N. A. Raof, Suhaily Mokhtar, N. K. M. Khairussaleh
Aluminum alloys 7075 (Al 7075) are widely used for various industrial components in which machining operations are often conducted during their manufacturing process. However, the machining operations could introduce defects on the machined surfaces of the components which will be carried over and may lead to either issues in the subsequent fabrication process or failure during the products' service life. This study investigates the machined surface's defects of Al 7075 underwent drilling operations using imaging and topographical techniques which include optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and 3D surface profiler. Surface roughness was analysed with respect to the surface defects to investigate the correlation between the roughness parameters and topographical features of the machined surfaces. The defects found on the machined surfaces of Al 7075 are microcrack, adhesion, feed mark and burr. Surface roughness was found to be highly influenced by topographical features particularly feed mark. Thus, in addition to measuring the roughness, inspection through imaging and 3D topographic techniques is important for analyzing the surface characteristic in order to determine the defects, hence deducing the detailed surface features and deformation caused by the drilling operations.
{"title":"Analysis of defects on machined surfaces of aluminum alloy (Al 7075) using imaging and topographical techniques","authors":"A. Dahnel, Muhamad Ali Abdul Ghani, N. A. Raof, Suhaily Mokhtar, N. K. M. Khairussaleh","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2022012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022012","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum alloys 7075 (Al 7075) are widely used for various industrial components in which machining operations are often conducted during their manufacturing process. However, the machining operations could introduce defects on the machined surfaces of the components which will be carried over and may lead to either issues in the subsequent fabrication process or failure during the products' service life. This study investigates the machined surface's defects of Al 7075 underwent drilling operations using imaging and topographical techniques which include optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and 3D surface profiler. Surface roughness was analysed with respect to the surface defects to investigate the correlation between the roughness parameters and topographical features of the machined surfaces. The defects found on the machined surfaces of Al 7075 are microcrack, adhesion, feed mark and burr. Surface roughness was found to be highly influenced by topographical features particularly feed mark. Thus, in addition to measuring the roughness, inspection through imaging and 3D topographic techniques is important for analyzing the surface characteristic in order to determine the defects, hence deducing the detailed surface features and deformation caused by the drilling operations.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computational methods that make use of single one-way Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) for modeling the Coriolis Mass Flowmeters' (CMFs) operations are prone to inaccuracies. These errors are due to their limitations in describing a fully coupled fluid structure interaction. The aim of this study is to produce a CFD model of a CMF that uses an iterative two-way coupling of fluid structure interaction to accurately study its performance. The computational findings are benchmarked against accurate experimental measurements of the U-shape CFM. The deviation between the computed results and experimental measurements remains about 0.1% which is deemed acceptable. This reduction of uncertainties is largely attributed to the capability of the model to describe the effects of tube vibrations on the meter's operation.
{"title":"On the performance of a Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF): experimental measurement and FSI simulation","authors":"Dalson Athanase Gace","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2022002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022002","url":null,"abstract":"Computational methods that make use of single one-way Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) for modeling the Coriolis Mass Flowmeters' (CMFs) operations are prone to inaccuracies. These errors are due to their limitations in describing a fully coupled fluid structure interaction. The aim of this study is to produce a CFD model of a CMF that uses an iterative two-way coupling of fluid structure interaction to accurately study its performance. The computational findings are benchmarked against accurate experimental measurements of the U-shape CFM. The deviation between the computed results and experimental measurements remains about 0.1% which is deemed acceptable. This reduction of uncertainties is largely attributed to the capability of the model to describe the effects of tube vibrations on the meter's operation.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seal failure of an elastomer rotary shaft seal is often caused due to lead on the shaft counterface. In sealing technology, the term ‘lead’ includes all structures on sealing counterfaces that are capable of transporting fluid in axial direction through the sealing contact and thus disrupting the sealing mechanism. Lead structures are created during the manufacturing process of the shaft surface or throughout the handling. They occur in various shapes and sizes. Depending on the characteristics of the lead structures, several specialized measurement and evaluation methods exist which have to be applied in combination. However, not all types of lead can be covered with the methods known so far. State of the art are frequency-based and model-based analysis methods, which are only able to detect periodic lead structures. Aperiodic and stochastically distributed lead structures cannot be detected due to the functional principle. This article provides an approach for a structure-based evaluation of macroscopic lead structures based on optical topography measurement data. This allows to detect all known types of macroscopic lead on the shaft surface and in future to measure microscopic and macroscopic lead with a single measurement procedure.
{"title":"Three-dimensional structure-based approach for the analysis of macroscopic lead structures on sealing counterfaces","authors":"Maximilian Engelfried, Matthias Baumann, F. Bauer","doi":"10.1051/ijmqe/2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2022003","url":null,"abstract":"The seal failure of an elastomer rotary shaft seal is often caused due to lead on the shaft counterface. In sealing technology, the term ‘lead’ includes all structures on sealing counterfaces that are capable of transporting fluid in axial direction through the sealing contact and thus disrupting the sealing mechanism. Lead structures are created during the manufacturing process of the shaft surface or throughout the handling. They occur in various shapes and sizes. Depending on the characteristics of the lead structures, several specialized measurement and evaluation methods exist which have to be applied in combination. However, not all types of lead can be covered with the methods known so far. State of the art are frequency-based and model-based analysis methods, which are only able to detect periodic lead structures. Aperiodic and stochastically distributed lead structures cannot be detected due to the functional principle. This article provides an approach for a structure-based evaluation of macroscopic lead structures based on optical topography measurement data. This allows to detect all known types of macroscopic lead on the shaft surface and in future to measure microscopic and macroscopic lead with a single measurement procedure.","PeriodicalId":38371,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57886390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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