Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-21-008
Zonglin Jiang
After the long and strenuous efforts covering more than 50 years and the tortuous ex-periences, feasibility of the scramjet concept has finally been proven. In this paper, the main factors influencing the technical maturity of the scramjet engine are briefly analysed. A matter of utmost con-cern for this new type of air-breathing engine is the net thrust. The production of engine thrust using supersonic combustion encountered a number of practical requirements which were often found to contra-dict each other. Several flight tests showed that the net engine thrust was still not as good as expected. The acceleration capability and mode transition of scramjet with liquid hydrocarbon fuels (kerosene) operating at flight Mach numbers about 5 has become the bottleneck preventing scramjet engine from continuing development. Research showed that the use of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is not only necessary for engine cooling but also a critical measure for improving engine thrust and performance. Changes of thermo-physical-chemical characteristics of endothermic fuels during heat absorption make additional contributions to the combustion performance which is essential to the scramjet net thrust. Currently, the technology of experimental simulation and measurement is still lagging behind the needs. The complete duplication or true similarity of atmospheric flight environment, engine size and test du-ration remains impossible. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an important tool besides experiment. However, numerical simulation of supersonic combustion encountered challenges which come from both turbulence and chemical kinetics as well as their interaction. It will inevitably af-fect the proper assessment of the engine performance. Several frontiers of research in this developing field are pointed out: mode transition in the dual-mode scramjet, active cooling by endothermic hydrocarbon fuel with catalytic cracking coupled with supersonic combustion, combustion stability, experimental simulation and development of test facilities, measurements of the inner flow-field characteristics and engine performance, turbulence modeling, kerosene surrogate fuels and reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms, and so on. Also, directions for future research efforts are proposed and suggestions for the next 5-10 years are given.
{"title":"On supersonic combustion and hypersonic propulsion","authors":"Zonglin Jiang","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-21-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-21-008","url":null,"abstract":"After the long and strenuous efforts covering more than 50 years and the tortuous ex-periences, feasibility of the scramjet concept has finally been proven. In this paper, the main factors influencing the technical maturity of the scramjet engine are briefly analysed. A matter of utmost con-cern for this new type of air-breathing engine is the net thrust. The production of engine thrust using supersonic combustion encountered a number of practical requirements which were often found to contra-dict each other. Several flight tests showed that the net engine thrust was still not as good as expected. The acceleration capability and mode transition of scramjet with liquid hydrocarbon fuels (kerosene) operating at flight Mach numbers about 5 has become the bottleneck preventing scramjet engine from continuing development. Research showed that the use of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is not only necessary for engine cooling but also a critical measure for improving engine thrust and performance. Changes of thermo-physical-chemical characteristics of endothermic fuels during heat absorption make additional contributions to the combustion performance which is essential to the scramjet net thrust. Currently, the technology of experimental simulation and measurement is still lagging behind the needs. The complete duplication or true similarity of atmospheric flight environment, engine size and test du-ration remains impossible. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an important tool besides experiment. However, numerical simulation of supersonic combustion encountered challenges which come from both turbulence and chemical kinetics as well as their interaction. It will inevitably af-fect the proper assessment of the engine performance. Several frontiers of research in this developing field are pointed out: mode transition in the dual-mode scramjet, active cooling by endothermic hydrocarbon fuel with catalytic cracking coupled with supersonic combustion, combustion stability, experimental simulation and development of test facilities, measurements of the inner flow-field characteristics and engine performance, turbulence modeling, kerosene surrogate fuels and reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms, and so on. Also, directions for future research efforts are proposed and suggestions for the next 5-10 years are given.","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"51 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47039205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-20-014
吴介之, 刘罗勤
{"title":"The universal steady lift and drag theory and the physical origin of lift","authors":"吴介之, 刘罗勤","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-20-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-20-014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"51 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44877838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-08DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-16-047
E. Yujia, Wang Tianyu, Gao Ge, Geng Fangjuan, AI Junqiang, Han Jiecai, Zhu Jia-Qi
As one of the key components of a high-speed aircraft, the infrared window which is composed by matrix materials and functional films is widely applied. In the harsh environment, however, the infrared window works under complex aerothermal conditions, which may lead to its structural failure or dysfunction. Thus, the investigation on the aerothermal dynamic failure of infrared window in high-speed aircraft is of scientific importance and practical significance. This article reviews the studies on the aerodynamic thermal failure mechanisms of infrared windows in high-speed conditions, concerning typical materials, the aero-thermo-dynamics and structural failure or dysfunction. Finally, the prospects of further investigations on infrared windows are discussed.
{"title":"Aerothermal dynamic failure of infrared window in high-speed aircraft","authors":"E. Yujia, Wang Tianyu, Gao Ge, Geng Fangjuan, AI Junqiang, Han Jiecai, Zhu Jia-Qi","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-16-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-16-047","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the key components of a high-speed aircraft, the infrared window which is composed by matrix materials and functional films is widely applied. In the harsh environment, however, the infrared window works under complex aerothermal conditions, which may lead to its structural failure or dysfunction. Thus, the investigation on the aerothermal dynamic failure of infrared window in high-speed aircraft is of scientific importance and practical significance. This article reviews the studies on the aerodynamic thermal failure mechanisms of infrared windows in high-speed conditions, concerning typical materials, the aero-thermo-dynamics and structural failure or dysfunction. Finally, the prospects of further investigations on infrared windows are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"48 1","pages":"1803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-20DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-15-042
Yu Chen, Rui Li, Xiang Zhao, Dan Li, W. Xu, Aihua Liu, S. F. Sia, W. Chong, Yan Zhang
{"title":"Medical image based hemodynamic analysis","authors":"Yu Chen, Rui Li, Xiang Zhao, Dan Li, W. Xu, Aihua Liu, S. F. Sia, W. Chong, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-15-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-15-042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"46 1","pages":"323-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71156752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-14-065
M. Sun
{"title":"Aerodynamics of insect flight","authors":"M. Sun","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-14-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-14-065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"98 1","pages":"201501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71156692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-27DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-14-011
琚诒光
More than 80% of world energy is converted by combustion. Develop- ment of efficient next generation advanced engines by using alternative fuels and operating at extreme conditions is one of the most important solutions to increase energy sustainability. To realize the advanced engine design, the challenges in combustion research are therefore to advance fundamental understanding of com- bustion chemistry and dynamics from molecule scales to engine scales and to de- velop quantitatively predictive tools and innovative combustion technologies. This review will present the recent progresses and technical challenges in fundamental combustion research in seven areas including advanced engine concepts using low temperature fuel chemistry, new combustion phenomena in extreme conditions, alternative and surrogate fuels, multi-scale modeling, high pressure combustion kinetics, experimental methods and advanced combustion diagnostics Firstly, new engine concepts such as the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI),
{"title":"Recent progress and challenges in fundamental combustion research","authors":"琚诒光","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-14-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-14-011","url":null,"abstract":"More than 80% of world energy is converted by combustion. Develop- ment of efficient next generation advanced engines by using alternative fuels and operating at extreme conditions is one of the most important solutions to increase energy sustainability. To realize the advanced engine design, the challenges in combustion research are therefore to advance fundamental understanding of com- bustion chemistry and dynamics from molecule scales to engine scales and to de- velop quantitatively predictive tools and innovative combustion technologies. This review will present the recent progresses and technical challenges in fundamental combustion research in seven areas including advanced engine concepts using low temperature fuel chemistry, new combustion phenomena in extreme conditions, alternative and surrogate fuels, multi-scale modeling, high pressure combustion kinetics, experimental methods and advanced combustion diagnostics Firstly, new engine concepts such as the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI),","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"44 1","pages":"201402-201402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71157019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-14-038
Cong Zhao, Yi-Kuen Lee, Rui Xu, Chun Liang, Dayu Liu, Wei Ma, W. Piyawattanametha, Y. Zohar
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide causing human deaths.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are cells that have detached from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream; they may constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors(metastasis) in different tissues. The detection of CTCs may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications but, because their number is very small, these cells are not easily detected. Circulating tumor cells are found in the order of 10–100 CTCs per m L of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease. Isolation of tumor cells circulating in the blood stream, by immobilizing them on surfaces functionalized with bio-active coating within microfluidic devices,presents an interdisciplinary challenge requiring expertise in different research areas: cell biology, surface chemistry, fluid mechanics and microsystem technology.We first review the fundamental of cell biology of CTCs and summarize the key microfluidic techniques for isolation of CTCs via cell-ligand interactions, magnetic interactions, filtration; detection and enumeration of CTCs; in vivo CTCs imaging.
{"title":"Isolation of circulating tumor cells under hydrodynamic loading using microuidic technology","authors":"Cong Zhao, Yi-Kuen Lee, Rui Xu, Chun Liang, Dayu Liu, Wei Ma, W. Piyawattanametha, Y. Zohar","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-14-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-14-038","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide causing human deaths.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are cells that have detached from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream; they may constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors(metastasis) in different tissues. The detection of CTCs may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications but, because their number is very small, these cells are not easily detected. Circulating tumor cells are found in the order of 10–100 CTCs per m L of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease. Isolation of tumor cells circulating in the blood stream, by immobilizing them on surfaces functionalized with bio-active coating within microfluidic devices,presents an interdisciplinary challenge requiring expertise in different research areas: cell biology, surface chemistry, fluid mechanics and microsystem technology.We first review the fundamental of cell biology of CTCs and summarize the key microfluidic techniques for isolation of CTCs via cell-ligand interactions, magnetic interactions, filtration; detection and enumeration of CTCs; in vivo CTCs imaging.","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"44 1","pages":"447-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71156590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-25DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-12-054
Sun Qixia, Yang Ningning, Cai Xiaobing, Hu Gengkai
The adhesive dust particles on lunar surface can easily deposit on surfaces of detecting devices, which poses serious problems for moon surface explorations. Dust removal by electrodynamic field is recently considered as an effective method to mitigate dust pollution for future lunar or Mars surface missions. However, lack of full understanding about the mechanism of dust removal limits practical applications of this technique. In this paper, the realization of electrodynamic field by electric curtain (EC) is firstly introduced, then electric field distribution and forces acting on the particles along the EC surface, tribo-charge distribution during particle flow movement, particle movement simulation methods, dust removal efficiency and energy consumption of EC have been discussed. Particle initial leaping processes, generation of tribo-charge within particle flows and factors influencing the dust removal efficiency have been explained and analyzed in detail. The emphasis is also placed on the contribution of static particle charge to its initial leaping process. At last, the future trend of this technique has also been discussed.
{"title":"ADVANCE IN LUNAR SURFACE DUST REMOVAL METHOD BY ELECTRODYNAMIC FIELD","authors":"Sun Qixia, Yang Ningning, Cai Xiaobing, Hu Gengkai","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-12-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-12-054","url":null,"abstract":"The adhesive dust particles on lunar surface can easily deposit on surfaces of detecting devices, which poses serious problems for moon surface explorations. Dust removal by electrodynamic field is recently considered as an effective method to mitigate dust pollution for future lunar or Mars surface missions. However, lack of full understanding about the mechanism of dust removal limits practical applications of this technique. In this paper, the realization of electrodynamic field by electric curtain (EC) is firstly introduced, then electric field distribution and forces acting on the particles along the EC surface, tribo-charge distribution during particle flow movement, particle movement simulation methods, dust removal efficiency and energy consumption of EC have been discussed. Particle initial leaping processes, generation of tribo-charge within particle flows and factors influencing the dust removal efficiency have been explained and analyzed in detail. The emphasis is also placed on the contribution of static particle charge to its initial leaping process. At last, the future trend of this technique has also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"42 1","pages":"785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71156901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-25DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-12-063
Pan Zhongwen, Zeng Yaoxiang, Lian Yongzheng, Xing Yufeng
First in this paper, based on different kinds of launch vehicles, domestic and overseas overall modal analysis and experiments verification are respectively reviewed. Then dynamics modeling techniques are respectively summarized from three directions, such as dynamics modeling of cylindrical shell-stiffened, dynamics simulation of liquid propellant, prediction methods of local mode shape-slope. Finally, further research directions are suggested based on the development needs of structural dynamics of launch vehicles.
{"title":"REVIEWS IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS ANALOGY TECHNIQUE OF LAUNCH VEHICLE","authors":"Pan Zhongwen, Zeng Yaoxiang, Lian Yongzheng, Xing Yufeng","doi":"10.6052/1000-0992-12-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6052/1000-0992-12-063","url":null,"abstract":"First in this paper, based on different kinds of launch vehicles, domestic and overseas overall modal analysis and experiments verification are respectively reviewed. Then dynamics modeling techniques are respectively summarized from three directions, such as dynamics modeling of cylindrical shell-stiffened, dynamics simulation of liquid propellant, prediction methods of local mode shape-slope. Finally, further research directions are suggested based on the development needs of structural dynamics of launch vehicles.","PeriodicalId":38383,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Mechanics","volume":"42 1","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71156913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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