Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974039
S. Crozier, Huawei Zhao, Liu Feng
In modern MRI, patients are exposed to strong, rapidly switched magnetic field gradients that may be able to elicit nerve stimulation. This paper provides the numerical results of an investigation into induced current spatial distributions inside human tissue when exposed to these pulsed magnetic field gradients. Conventional FDTD methods are unable to model these effects as the effective frequencies of the input source are less than 100 kHz or so, relatively low for FDTD calculations. A new high definition FDTD variant was developed to operate over this bandwidth and a number. of body and gradient models are analysed using the new method.
{"title":"A new FDTD method for the study of MRI pulsed field gradient-induced fields in the human body","authors":"S. Crozier, Huawei Zhao, Liu Feng","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974039","url":null,"abstract":"In modern MRI, patients are exposed to strong, rapidly switched magnetic field gradients that may be able to elicit nerve stimulation. This paper provides the numerical results of an investigation into induced current spatial distributions inside human tissue when exposed to these pulsed magnetic field gradients. Conventional FDTD methods are unable to model these effects as the effective frequencies of the input source are less than 100 kHz or so, relatively low for FDTD calculations. A new high definition FDTD variant was developed to operate over this bandwidth and a number. of body and gradient models are analysed using the new method.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125764264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974088
T. Hanselmann, L. Noakes
This paper introduces a prototype algorithm for decomposing a binary image into simpler images, such as regions bounded by low-degree polynomials. The algorithm is based on the algebraic perceptron, but can be extended to use other support vector schemes.
{"title":"A decomposition algorithm based on the algebraic perceptron","authors":"T. Hanselmann, L. Noakes","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974088","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a prototype algorithm for decomposing a binary image into simpler images, such as regions bounded by low-degree polynomials. The algorithm is based on the algebraic perceptron, but can be extended to use other support vector schemes.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"27 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126096558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974073
Y. Mitsukura, M. Fukumi, N. Akamatsu
Threshold selection in multi-value images is performed based on their color information. When the threshold in an image is fixed it lacks versatility for the others. Because the color information varies under the influence of light conditions. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select the most likely values of lips and skin colors in a light condition. It is possible to extract objects from the multi-value image only with the color information. In this paper, the objects of extraction are chosen to be the human lips and skin colors.
{"title":"Fast face detection system using the GA-based threshold method","authors":"Y. Mitsukura, M. Fukumi, N. Akamatsu","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974073","url":null,"abstract":"Threshold selection in multi-value images is performed based on their color information. When the threshold in an image is fixed it lacks versatility for the others. Because the color information varies under the influence of light conditions. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select the most likely values of lips and skin colors in a light condition. It is possible to extract objects from the multi-value image only with the color information. In this paper, the objects of extraction are chosen to be the human lips and skin colors.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125021013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974118
M. H. Too, K. Leong, C. Chua, C. Cheah, S. L. Ho
The feasibility of fabricating three-dimensional (3-D) non-random porous scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (TE) purposes using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process is investigated. The structural characteristics of FDM fabricated parts, namely, 3-D pore inter-connectivity, porosity, pore size and mechanical properties were evaluated, to determine their suitability for use as TE scaffolds. The influence of FDM process parameters on these structural characteristics is presented in this paper. From the investigations, the FDM process is found to be highly capable of providing good control and reproducibility of the desired part geometry, degree of porosity and microstructure. The high influence exerted by the FDM process parameters on the part microstructure, offers the user flexibility and ease of varying the structural characteristics of built parts to meet specific structural and functional requirements of TE scaffolds.
{"title":"Feasibility of tissue engineering scaffold fabrication using fused deposition modelling","authors":"M. H. Too, K. Leong, C. Chua, C. Cheah, S. L. Ho","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974118","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of fabricating three-dimensional (3-D) non-random porous scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (TE) purposes using the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process is investigated. The structural characteristics of FDM fabricated parts, namely, 3-D pore inter-connectivity, porosity, pore size and mechanical properties were evaluated, to determine their suitability for use as TE scaffolds. The influence of FDM process parameters on these structural characteristics is presented in this paper. From the investigations, the FDM process is found to be highly capable of providing good control and reproducibility of the desired part geometry, degree of porosity and microstructure. The high influence exerted by the FDM process parameters on the part microstructure, offers the user flexibility and ease of varying the structural characteristics of built parts to meet specific structural and functional requirements of TE scaffolds.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127212204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974094
I. Brown, A. Lai, A. Nunn
A number of studies in the literature have reported on the responses of the physiological systems of SCI patients and this includes recent sleep studies [1-2]. This paper examines the possibility of monitoring a range of physiological parameters in SCI patients during extended periods of activity undertaken in a rehabilitation setting. The aim of these initial studies is to look at the feasibility of developing a monitoring system that would enable researchers to study the behaviour of physiological parameters during rehabilitation, and in response to prescribed activity. The approach was to use a portable system that had been developed for home based sleep studies, and to evaluate the potential of this system to provide a wheelchair based monitoring platform. Initial studies reported here suggest that a totally portable system can provide a clinically useful monitoring system for SCI rehabilitation studies, and that such a system would allow the rehabilitation to the be optimised to match the individual patients needs. Future equipment developments are discussed.
{"title":"Monitoring the physiological parameters of SCI patients during rehabilitation","authors":"I. Brown, A. Lai, A. Nunn","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974094","url":null,"abstract":"A number of studies in the literature have reported on the responses of the physiological systems of SCI patients and this includes recent sleep studies [1-2]. This paper examines the possibility of monitoring a range of physiological parameters in SCI patients during extended periods of activity undertaken in a rehabilitation setting. The aim of these initial studies is to look at the feasibility of developing a monitoring system that would enable researchers to study the behaviour of physiological parameters during rehabilitation, and in response to prescribed activity. The approach was to use a portable system that had been developed for home based sleep studies, and to evaluate the potential of this system to provide a wheelchair based monitoring platform. Initial studies reported here suggest that a totally portable system can provide a clinically useful monitoring system for SCI rehabilitation studies, and that such a system would allow the rehabilitation to the be optimised to match the individual patients needs. Future equipment developments are discussed.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124823072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974071
S. L. Phung, D. Chai, A. Bouzerdoum
This paper describes a new approach to face detection. A colour input image is first processed using neural networks to detect skin regions in the image. Each neural network separates skin and non-skin pixels on the basis of chrominance information. The skin-colour classifier employs the committee machine technique, which improves skin colour detection by combining the classification results of a set of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). The skin colour classifier achieves a classification rate of 84% compared to 81% for the best individual MLP classifier. The output of the committee machine is processed by a 2D smoothing filter before being converted into a binary map using a threshold. Finally, several post-processing techniques based on shape and luminance features are proposed for rejecting non-facial regions.
{"title":"Skin colour based face detection","authors":"S. L. Phung, D. Chai, A. Bouzerdoum","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974071","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new approach to face detection. A colour input image is first processed using neural networks to detect skin regions in the image. Each neural network separates skin and non-skin pixels on the basis of chrominance information. The skin-colour classifier employs the committee machine technique, which improves skin colour detection by combining the classification results of a set of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). The skin colour classifier achieves a classification rate of 84% compared to 81% for the best individual MLP classifier. The output of the committee machine is processed by a 2D smoothing filter before being converted into a binary map using a threshold. Finally, several post-processing techniques based on shape and luminance features are proposed for rejecting non-facial regions.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122019453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974059
M. Zheng, S. Krishnan
In endoscopic image analysis, there are many effective methods to detect the abnormality of an image. However, no individual technique is suitable for detection of any disease pattern in any image. This paper aims to develop a fusion approach to combine multiple techniques to help the physician obtain an accurate diagnosis. Multisensor data fusion technique based on Bayesian Inference is applied in the proposed approach. The combination is based on probability theory and employed nonlinear combination. Before the fusion process, a knowledge-based technique is used for the evaluation of sub-decisions. Similar processed endoscopic case done previously is automatically selected from a case repository and expert physician experience is sought for the supervised evaluation. Meantime, a machine-learning technique is incorporated in the fusion process to increase the accuracy of the decision-making. The new case obtained after the evaluation is fed back as learning data to the fusion process. The proposed decision support approach has been developed. The preliminary results are encouraging and lead support to the feasibility of the method.
{"title":"Decision support by fusion in endoscopic diagnosis","authors":"M. Zheng, S. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974059","url":null,"abstract":"In endoscopic image analysis, there are many effective methods to detect the abnormality of an image. However, no individual technique is suitable for detection of any disease pattern in any image. This paper aims to develop a fusion approach to combine multiple techniques to help the physician obtain an accurate diagnosis. Multisensor data fusion technique based on Bayesian Inference is applied in the proposed approach. The combination is based on probability theory and employed nonlinear combination. Before the fusion process, a knowledge-based technique is used for the evaluation of sub-decisions. Similar processed endoscopic case done previously is automatically selected from a case repository and expert physician experience is sought for the supervised evaluation. Meantime, a machine-learning technique is incorporated in the fusion process to increase the accuracy of the decision-making. The new case obtained after the evaluation is fed back as learning data to the fusion process. The proposed decision support approach has been developed. The preliminary results are encouraging and lead support to the feasibility of the method.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116458816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974051
S. Kwok, R. Chandrasekhar, Y. Attikiouzel
Mammograms, which are X-ray images of the female breast, are used widely by radiologists to screen for breast cancer. The first stage of any computerized analysis of the digitised mammogram is to divide the image into anatomically distinct regions. The pectoral muscle is one of these regions and it appears on mediolateral oblique views of mammograms. In this paper, the rationale and algorithms for fully automatic, two-part segmentation of the pectoral muscle are presented. The algorithm consists of (a) estimation of the muscle edge by a straight line; and (b) refinement of the detected edge by surface smoothing and edge detection in a restricted neighbourhood derived from the first estimate.
{"title":"Automatic pectoral muscle segmentation on mammograms by straight line estimation and cliff detection","authors":"S. Kwok, R. Chandrasekhar, Y. Attikiouzel","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974051","url":null,"abstract":"Mammograms, which are X-ray images of the female breast, are used widely by radiologists to screen for breast cancer. The first stage of any computerized analysis of the digitised mammogram is to divide the image into anatomically distinct regions. The pectoral muscle is one of these regions and it appears on mediolateral oblique views of mammograms. In this paper, the rationale and algorithms for fully automatic, two-part segmentation of the pectoral muscle are presented. The algorithm consists of (a) estimation of the muscle edge by a straight line; and (b) refinement of the detected edge by surface smoothing and edge detection in a restricted neighbourhood derived from the first estimate.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129804724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974053
I. Brown, Z. Mayooran, C. Seligman, D. L. Healy, M. Guglielmetti, M. Reston, S. Hart
Endoscopic surgeons have identified the need for a system that enables them to practice a range of complex 3D surgical procedures that involve the use of a video endoscopic instrument system. Physical simulators have been developed to enable the evaluation of skills required in endoscopic surgery and a VR surgical simulator is being developed that incorporates the ability of virtual instruments to interact with virtual anatomical structures, and for the operator to feel virtual anatomy as it resists movement. The emphasis of this work is to use available graphics tools to visually represent the anatomy, to represent instrument/anatomy interactions in a visually convincing way, and to represent instrument resistance to movement in a tactile sensory convincing way.
{"title":"Engineering design of a virtual reality simulator for gynaecological endoscopy","authors":"I. Brown, Z. Mayooran, C. Seligman, D. L. Healy, M. Guglielmetti, M. Reston, S. Hart","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974053","url":null,"abstract":"Endoscopic surgeons have identified the need for a system that enables them to practice a range of complex 3D surgical procedures that involve the use of a video endoscopic instrument system. Physical simulators have been developed to enable the evaluation of skills required in endoscopic surgery and a VR surgical simulator is being developed that incorporates the ability of virtual instruments to interact with virtual anatomical structures, and for the operator to feel virtual anatomy as it resists movement. The emphasis of this work is to use available graphics tools to visually represent the anatomy, to represent instrument/anatomy interactions in a visually convincing way, and to represent instrument resistance to movement in a tactile sensory convincing way.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122922591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974083
D. Chai, A. Bouzerdoum
This paper presents an overview of the new JPEG2000 image compression standard. It provides brief background, explains the core coding structure, highlights the new features and applications, and demonstrates the coding performance of JPEG2000. For readers to probe further, directions to access a number of publicly available software implementations, documents and relevant web sites are also given.
{"title":"JPEG2000 image compression: an overview","authors":"D. Chai, A. Bouzerdoum","doi":"10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974083","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the new JPEG2000 image compression standard. It provides brief background, explains the core coding structure, highlights the new features and applications, and demonstrates the coding performance of JPEG2000. For readers to probe further, directions to access a number of publicly available software implementations, documents and relevant web sites are also given.","PeriodicalId":383878,"journal":{"name":"The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134114988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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