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Comparison of different classifiers in movement recognition using WSN-based wrist-mounted sensors 基于wsn的腕式传感器运动识别中不同分类器的比较
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133646
Peter Sarcevic, Zoltán Kincses, Szilveszter Pletl
The analysis of human movement is a widely studied field of health applications, such as telerehabilitation, analysis of daily activities, and emergency detection. In this paper, the comparison of different classifiers is presented for a new movement recognition system, which can be used for the detection of emergency situations. The system uses 9-degree-of-freedom (9DOF) sensor boards that are attached to wrist-mounted Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) motes. The 9DOF sensor boards are built up from a tri-axial accelerometer, a tri-axial gyroscope, and a tri-axial magnetometer. Measurement data for classification were collected from multiple subjects. Eleven movement classes were constructed in order to recognize specific arm movements in stationary positions and also during the movement of the body. Various time-domain features (TDF) were calculated in different processing window widths. Depending on the used window size, sensors and TDFs, 48 different data sets were constructed, which were used for training and for validating of the system. Different classifiers were tested and compared using the original and the dimensionally reduced data sets. The dimension reduction is performed using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) method. The tested classifiers were the minimum distance classifier, the MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) network, the naive Bayes classifier and the Support Vector Machine (SVM).
人体运动分析是一个广泛研究的健康应用领域,如远程康复、日常活动分析和紧急情况检测。本文针对一种新的运动识别系统,对不同的分类器进行了比较,该系统可用于紧急情况的检测。该系统使用9自由度(9DOF)传感器板,连接在手腕上的无线传感器网络(WSN) mote。9DOF传感器板由三轴加速度计、三轴陀螺仪和三轴磁力计组成。分类的测量数据收集自多个受试者。为了识别固定位置和身体运动期间的特定手臂运动,构建了11个运动类。在不同的处理窗口宽度下计算不同的时域特征(TDF)。根据使用的窗口大小、传感器和tdf,构建了48个不同的数据集,用于训练和验证系统。使用原始数据集和降维数据集对不同的分类器进行测试和比较。使用线性判别分析(LDA)方法进行降维。测试的分类器有最小距离分类器、多层感知器(MLP)网络、朴素贝叶斯分类器和支持向量机(SVM)。
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引用次数: 11
Low-power lessons from designing a wearable logger for long-term deployments 设计长期部署的可穿戴记录仪的低功耗经验
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133581
Eugen Berlin, Martin Zittel, Michael Braunlein, Kristof Van Laerhoven
The advent of a range of wearable products for monitoring one's healthcare and fitness has pushed decades of research into the market over the past years. These units record motion and detect common physical activities to assist the wearer in monitoring fitness, general state of health, and sleeping trends. Most of the detection algorithms on board of these devices however are closed-source and the devices do not allow the recording of raw inertial data. This paper presents a project that, faced by these limitations of commercial wearable products, set out to create an open-source recording platform for activity recognition research that (1) is sufficiently power-efficient, and (2) remains small and comfortable enough to wear, to be able to record raw inertial data for extended periods of time. We study especially, via high-resolution power profiling, several trade-offs present in the choice for the basic hardware components of our prototype, and contribute with three key design areas that have had a significant impact on our prototype design.
在过去的几年里,一系列可穿戴产品的出现推动了数十年的研究进入市场,这些产品用于监测个人的健康状况和健身状况。这些设备记录运动并检测常见的身体活动,以帮助佩戴者监测健康状况、总体健康状况和睡眠趋势。然而,这些设备上的大多数检测算法都是闭源的,设备不允许记录原始惯性数据。面对商业可穿戴产品的这些限制,本文提出了一个项目,着手创建一个用于活动识别研究的开源记录平台,该平台(1)足够节能,(2)穿戴小巧舒适,能够长时间记录原始惯性数据。通过高分辨率功率分析,我们特别研究了原型基本硬件组件选择中的几个权衡,并为对原型设计产生重大影响的三个关键设计领域做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 6
Towards a sensor system to tame the human elephant conflict 朝着一个传感器系统去驯服人象的冲突
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133595
Charitha Elvitigala, Eranda Tennakoon, Ayyoob Hamza, Yasith Lokuge, K. Zoysa, C. Keppitiyagama, V. Iyer, Kasun Hewage, T. Voigt
The human elephant conflict in Sri Lanka has been a cause of major concern over the past decade. Frequent clashes between wild elephants and villagers have resulted in severe damage to property, as well as loss of lives for both humans and elephants. Competition for space is the primary reason for conflict between humans and elephants. Elephants that escape from the wildlife national parks venture into villages creating destruction in their wake. To prevent such mishaps, a proper system is required to contain and monitor elephants in national parks. In this paper, we describe different approaches to detect elephants and possible ways of monitoring the national wildlife parks. We also elaborate on the advantages and limitations of each approach, and determine what sort of system is needed to tame the human elephant conflict.
在过去的十年里,斯里兰卡的人象冲突一直是人们关注的焦点。野生大象和村民之间频繁的冲突造成了严重的财产损失,以及人类和大象的生命损失。争夺空间是人类和大象冲突的主要原因。从野生动物国家公园逃出来的大象冒险进入村庄,在它们的身后造成破坏。为了防止此类事故的发生,需要一个适当的系统来控制和监控国家公园里的大象。在本文中,我们描述了检测大象的不同方法和监测国家野生动物园的可能方法。我们还详细阐述了每种方法的优点和局限性,并确定需要什么样的系统来驯服人象冲突。
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引用次数: 3
Smart meters as part of a sensor network for monitoring the low voltage grid 智能电表作为传感器网络的一部分,用于监测低压电网
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133616
A. Dede, D. D. Giustina, S. Rinaldi, P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, A. Vezzoli
Traditional low voltage grids are equipped with meters for the accounting of the energy consumed by customers. Recently, the use of electronic meters offers the possibility of the remote reading. This paper deals with smart sensing: a second-generation Smart Meters replacing traditional metering device, and the first generation of electronic meters, in order to extract a richer and near real-time information. This information in then transferred on a fast communication network where is needed. In other words, the Smart Meters deployed over the distribution grid create a Sensor Network used for grid control and management. The intelligent unit employed in the proposed system is able to communicate using standard metering protocols like DLMS/COSEM, allowing high-level integration with systems that use this information for both billing and customer relationship management - as is today with Automatic Meter Management systems - and for the technical management of the LV power infrastructure like Distribution Management Systems. The paper presents a pilot installation in a real grid of the smart sensor network composed about 50 new-generation Smart Meters using fast - broad-band - communication. The network of Smart Meters has been used to monitor, during a measurement campaign of two months, the Power Quality of a part of the distribution grid. During the campaign, the grid voltage is below the 5 % of the nominal value only for the 3 % of the time, despite the large presence of distributed renewable resources.
传统的低压电网都配有电表,用于对用户消耗的电能进行核算。最近,电子仪表的使用为远程读数提供了可能。本文讨论了智能传感:取代传统计量装置的第二代智能电表和第一代电子电表,以提取更丰富和接近实时的信息。这些信息随后在需要的地方通过快速通信网络传输。换句话说,部署在配电网上的智能电表创建了一个用于电网控制和管理的传感器网络。拟议系统中采用的智能单元能够使用标准计量协议(如DLMS/COSEM)进行通信,允许与使用这些信息进行计费和客户关系管理的系统进行高级集成(如今天的自动仪表管理系统),以及低压电力基础设施(如配电管理系统)的技术管理。本文介绍了一个由50多台新一代快速宽带通信智能电表组成的智能传感器网络在实际电网中的试点安装。在为期两个月的测量活动中,智能电表网络被用来监测部分配电网的电能质量。在活动期间,电网电压只有3%的时间低于标称值的5%,尽管分布式可再生资源大量存在。
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引用次数: 28
Portable FBG based optical sensor array 基于光纤光栅的便携式光学传感器阵列
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133657
Ivan Drazic-Segrt, Ana Krnjak, M. Sprem, M. Bosiljevac, Z. Šipuš
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have become quite common in many applications for monitoring strain, temperature and similar. These systems are usually fixed since the FBG interrogation unit is sensitive to the environment and therefore mounted into the equipment cabinet. However, a portable FBG interrogation unit would be of great benefit in applications where there is no need for continuous monitoring. For this reason here we propose a portable interrogation system based on a temperature stable SLED broadband source, calibrated tunable optical filter and an adaptive peak search algorithm.
光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器在应变、温度等方面的监测已经得到了广泛的应用。这些系统通常是固定的,因为FBG审讯单元对环境很敏感,因此安装在设备柜中。然而,在不需要连续监测的应用中,便携式光纤光栅审讯装置将有很大的好处。为此,我们提出了一种基于温度稳定的SLED宽带源、校准可调谐光滤波器和自适应峰值搜索算法的便携式讯问系统。
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引用次数: 2
Seismic and gas monitoring of volcanic sites 火山遗址的地震和气体监测
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133618
B. Andò, S. Baglio, C. O. Lombardo, A. Pistorio
Geophysical and geochemical monitoring of volcanic areas have a notable impact for the assessment of the geological instability and for safety of the populations. Nowadays the low cost Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) could represent a good way to perform a real-time monitoring task. In this paper a customized wireless multi-sensor architecture is presented, suitable for the implementation of a distributed monitoring system of geophysical and geochemical quantities within volcanic areas. The idea behind the proposed solution is the use of a “Smart Dust” approach, consisting in the spread of low cost devices over the while inspected area. In particular, the sensor node proposed is equipped with two Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) devices, a triaxial accelerometer and a CO2 sensor, and a novel low cost inkjet printed CO2 sensor. A microcontroller platform and a ZigBee communication tool have been adopted to allow a context-adaptive architecture by selecting different operating modes.
火山地区的地球物理和地球化学监测对地质不稳定性的评价和人口的安全具有显著的影响。目前,低成本的微机电系统(MEMS)器件和无线传感器网络(WSNs)是执行实时监控任务的好方法。本文提出了一种适合于火山区地球物理和地球化学量分布式监测系统实现的定制无线多传感器架构。提出的解决方案背后的想法是使用“智能灰尘”方法,包括在被检查区域内散布低成本设备。特别是,该传感器节点配备了两个商用现货(COTS)器件,一个三轴加速度计和一个二氧化碳传感器,以及一个新型的低成本喷墨印刷二氧化碳传感器。采用了微控制器平台和ZigBee通信工具,通过选择不同的工作模式来实现上下文自适应架构。
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引用次数: 1
A Kinect-based system to enable interaction by pointing in smart spaces 一个基于kinect的系统,可以通过指向智能空间进行交互
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133613
A. Fernandez, L. Bergesio, A. Bernardos, J. Besada, J. Casar
Pointing is a universal gesture that naturally expresses interest or attraction towards the pointed items. If some `magic' is added, the gesture may also make these items perform actions. In this paper, we describe a system that enables to interact by pointing with digital or physical controllable resources distributed in a smart space. The system facilitates building an interactive room using COTS devices, in particular a pair of Kinect sensors. The pointing direction is inferred from the user's elbow-wrist vector, which together with a secondary elbow-object vector serves to filter the controllable objects in the area of pointing. Experiments with 8 users in a real setting demonstrate the feasibility of the concept and show that the accuracy of the system is very dependent on the relative position user-resource and on the user behaviour itself.
“指向”是一种普遍的手势,用来自然地表达对指向物体的兴趣或吸引力。如果添加了一些“魔法”,手势也可以使这些物品执行动作。在本文中,我们描述了一个能够通过指向分布在智能空间中的数字或物理可控资源进行交互的系统。该系统便于使用COTS设备(特别是一对Kinect传感器)构建交互式房间。指向方向由用户的手肘-手腕矢量推断,该矢量与辅助手肘-物体矢量一起用于过滤指向区域内的可控物体。8个用户在真实环境中的实验证明了该概念的可行性,并表明系统的准确性非常依赖于用户资源的相对位置和用户行为本身。
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引用次数: 16
Operating frequency selection for low-power magnetic induction-based wireless underground sensor networks 基于低功率磁感应的地下无线传感器网络工作频率选择
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133600
Agnelo R. Silva, M. Moghaddam
The possibility of employing sensor nodes that wireless communicate under the ground, through concrete, or under-the-debris (disaster scenario) has been recently highlighted at the Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSN) literature. Nonetheless, the best operating frequency for such systems is still an open research aspect. In this work, we address this question for mid-range distances (e.g., 15..30m) by proposing a soil path attenuation model for an underground magnetic induction (MI)-based system involving a pair of nodes. The model is empirically validated and based on simulation results it is possible to conclude that for mid-range MI systems it is strategic to adopt a dynamic frequency selection scheme where audio frequencies are chosen whenever high soil moisture levels are detected.
无线地下传感器网络(WUSN)文献最近强调了在地下、混凝土或废墟(灾难场景)下使用无线通信的传感器节点的可能性。然而,这种系统的最佳工作频率仍然是一个开放的研究方面。在这项工作中,我们通过提出涉及一对节点的地下磁感应(MI)系统的土壤路径衰减模型,解决了中距离(例如15…30米)的这个问题。该模型经过经验验证,基于模拟结果,可以得出结论,对于中档MI系统,采用动态频率选择方案是战略性的,每当检测到高土壤湿度水平时,就选择音频。
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引用次数: 15
De-icing system with integrated ice detection and temperature sensing for meteorological devices 用于气象设备的融冰探测和温度传感系统
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133572
M. Flatscher, M. Neumayer, T. Bretterklieber, M. Moser, H. Zangl
We present a de-icing system indented for application with meteorological sensors in harsh environments. The heating unit is implemented as a double-meander structure on a printed circuit board. The double-meander structure allows for measuring capacitance in the differential mode. The presence of ice (and water) leads to an increase of the capacitance and can thus be detected. Additionally, the temperature of the heating unit can be obtained from the temperature dependent variation of the ohmic resistance of the heating structure. With this information the heating unit can be controlled efficiently as excessive heating or heating in the absence of ice can be avoided.
我们提出了一种适用于恶劣环境下气象传感器的除冰系统。加热单元在印刷电路板上实现为双曲流结构。双曲线结构允许在差分模式下测量电容。冰(和水)的存在导致电容的增加,因此可以被检测到。另外,可以从加热结构欧姆电阻的温度相关变化中获得加热单元的温度。有了这些信息,可以有效地控制加热装置,因为可以避免过度加热或在没有冰的情况下加热。
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引用次数: 15
Wireless sensor based home automation as an educational springboard 基于无线传感器的家庭自动化教育跳板
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1109/SAS.2015.7133610
Scott Newberry, G. S. Gupta
This paper details the design and development of a system that is intended to be used as a tool to educate and excite young school leaver to pursue engineering education, especially in the field of sensors and sensor applications. The system is essentially a home automation platform that allows users to interact with a network of sensors and actuators. The system consists of four hardware components; the computer/webserver that controls the network of sensors and actuators, the device the user will use to access the web server, the sensors/actuators of the system, and the microcontroller that bridges the web server and the sensor/actuator network. The end user of this system will be expected to assemble various components of the system together and in doing so, will gain an exposure to the engineering field. This exposure will increase the awareness of what engineering entails and hopes to prompt future students to take up engineering as a field of study. The system, while being a platform for exposing engineering, can also be a platform for future projects requiring remote access to an autonomous sensor network with the ability to change the environment around them, such as zoological research projects tracking the endangered birds. Finally, the system, capable of sensing temperature and light, controlling 230V 10A mains appliances and a keyless entry device, could be used simply as a home automation system in its own right by an interested hobbyist.
本文详细介绍了一个系统的设计和开发,该系统旨在作为一种工具,教育和激励年轻的离校学生追求工程教育,特别是在传感器和传感器应用领域。该系统本质上是一个家庭自动化平台,允许用户与传感器和执行器网络进行交互。该系统由四个硬件部分组成;控制传感器和执行器网络的计算机/web服务器,用户将用来访问web服务器的设备,系统的传感器/执行器,以及连接web服务器和传感器/执行器网络的微控制器。该系统的最终用户将被期望将系统的各种组件组装在一起,这样做将获得工程领域的接触。这种接触将增加对工程需要的认识,并希望促使未来的学生将工程作为一个研究领域。该系统不仅是一个展示工程的平台,也可以成为未来需要远程访问自主传感器网络的项目的平台,这些项目具有改变周围环境的能力,例如跟踪濒危鸟类的动物学研究项目。最后,该系统能够感应温度和光线,控制230V 10A电源电器和无钥匙进入装置,可以简单地作为一个家庭自动化系统本身的权利,有兴趣的爱好者使用。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2015 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)
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