K. Moran, J. Blitvich, Lauren A. Petrass, Keith McElroy
In high income countries, jumping and diving into water are a small but persistent cause of death and serious injury especially among male youth and young adults. Although water entries maintain a high media profile, little is known about what entry competencies and underlying water safety knowledge youth bring to this practice. Undergraduates enrolled in aquatics (N= 76) completed a survey before attempting 7 entry jumping and diving tasks. While safety attitudes and self-reported behaviours were generally good, considerable variation in practical entry competence was evident. Most completed a deep-water compact jump (87%) and PFD jump (88%) with ease. Many completed a crouch dive (57%) and standing dive (53%) into deep water with ease, but only 33% completed a standing dive from a block/bulkhead (height) with ease. Ways of addressing weaknesses in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours are discussed and recommendations made to enhance the teaching of safe water entry.
{"title":"Getting In: Safe Water Entry Competencies","authors":"K. Moran, J. Blitvich, Lauren A. Petrass, Keith McElroy","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"In high income countries, jumping and diving into water are a small but persistent cause of death and serious injury especially among male youth and young adults. Although water entries maintain a high media profile, little is known about what entry competencies and underlying water safety knowledge youth bring to this practice. Undergraduates enrolled in aquatics (N= 76) completed a survey before attempting 7 entry jumping and diving tasks. While safety attitudes and self-reported behaviours were generally good, considerable variation in practical entry competence was evident. Most completed a deep-water compact jump (87%) and PFD jump (88%) with ease. Many completed a crouch dive (57%) and standing dive (53%) into deep water with ease, but only 33% completed a standing dive from a block/bulkhead (height) with ease. Ways of addressing weaknesses in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours are discussed and recommendations made to enhance the teaching of safe water entry.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82520068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drowning is a public health concern that disproportionally affects children and minorities in Washington State. Community health educators from Seattle Children’s Hospital designed a Water Safety Education and Lifejacket Giveaway Program for low-income parents of preschool-aged children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The program was interpreted into multiple languages and parents and children in attendance received free lifejackets. The mixed-methods pilot evaluation of this program found statistically significant relationships between language and self-reported parent swim skill level (English-speaker OR 4.6; 95%CI: 1.84 – 11.54); and confidence of keeping one’s child safe (English-speaker OR 3.34; 95%CI: 1.10 – 10.4). Additionally, parents who self-reported that they could swim had four times the odds of feeling confident in keeping their children safe around the water (95% CI: 1.21 - 13.28). Qualitative data from follow-up interviews identified that the program boosted parent knowledge and confidence in safe water practices. Multi-lingual delivery and the role of partner preschools was critical to this program’s success. Specific programmatic focus on adult parent/caregiver skills and knowledge that reduce risk around the water should be a priority for future efforts to reduce drowning.
{"title":"Water Safety Education Programs in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Seattle Communities: Program Design and Pilot Evaluation","authors":"W. Koon, E. Bennett, Sarah Stempski, J. Blitvich","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Drowning is a public health concern that disproportionally affects children and minorities in Washington State. Community health educators from Seattle Children’s Hospital designed a Water Safety Education and Lifejacket Giveaway Program for low-income parents of preschool-aged children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The program was interpreted into multiple languages and parents and children in attendance received free lifejackets. The mixed-methods pilot evaluation of this program found statistically significant relationships between language and self-reported parent swim skill level (English-speaker OR 4.6; 95%CI: 1.84 – 11.54); and confidence of keeping one’s child safe (English-speaker OR 3.34; 95%CI: 1.10 – 10.4). Additionally, parents who self-reported that they could swim had four times the odds of feeling confident in keeping their children safe around the water (95% CI: 1.21 - 13.28). Qualitative data from follow-up interviews identified that the program boosted parent knowledge and confidence in safe water practices. Multi-lingual delivery and the role of partner preschools was critical to this program’s success. Specific programmatic focus on adult parent/caregiver skills and knowledge that reduce risk around the water should be a priority for future efforts to reduce drowning.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84758375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wynand Volschenk, Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan, J. Whitting, R. Meir, Alec McKenzie
Surfboard paddling is an essential activity when surfing. Research investigating surfboard paddling, especially as it pertains to neuromechanical control and techniques used, is limited. Previous research made use of swim ergometers to examine surfboard paddling demands. The validity of using swim ergometers in surfboard paddling research and training deserves further analysis. To establish ecologically valid findings, researchers have begun to use swim flumes and still-water paddling environments to investigate paddling efficiency and technique. This emerging body of research has reported that muscle activation patterns, intensities, and timings differ as surfers move through different paddle stroke phases. A deeper understanding of paddling's neuromechanical control may help enhance the understanding of how to improve paddle performance and perhaps reduce injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify the gaps in the existing literature to help identify future research directions in relation to surfboard paddling techniques and neuromechanical control.
{"title":"Surfboard Paddling Technique and Neuromechanical Control: A Narrative Review","authors":"Wynand Volschenk, Zachary J. Crowley-McHattan, J. Whitting, R. Meir, Alec McKenzie","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Surfboard paddling is an essential activity when surfing. Research investigating surfboard paddling, especially as it pertains to neuromechanical control and techniques used, is limited. Previous research made use of swim ergometers to examine surfboard paddling demands. The validity of using swim ergometers in surfboard paddling research and training deserves further analysis. To establish ecologically valid findings, researchers have begun to use swim flumes and still-water paddling environments to investigate paddling efficiency and technique. This emerging body of research has reported that muscle activation patterns, intensities, and timings differ as surfers move through different paddle stroke phases. A deeper understanding of paddling's neuromechanical control may help enhance the understanding of how to improve paddle performance and perhaps reduce injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify the gaps in the existing literature to help identify future research directions in relation to surfboard paddling techniques and neuromechanical control.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89377472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to experimentally verify the efficacy of wearing flotation aids to add buoyancy from the pelvis to the side of the thigh on the swimming performance of beginning swimmers who were capable of swimming around 25 meters at a time. The study recruited seven male university students who were members of the Physical Education Department and who lacked experience in specialized swimming instruction. The study found statistical difference in prone flotation between the use of flotation aids (7.27±1.92 sec) and without flotation aids (3.50±0.72 sec). During swimming for distance in a 5 min. swim test, we found statistical difference between the use of flotation aids (185.0±29.6 m) and without flotation aids (172.6±24.4 m). Moreover, no overall differences in stroke length and stroke rate were observed flotation and no flotation use.
{"title":"Efficacy of Flotation Aids Attached to the Pelvis and Thighs of Beginning Swimmers","authors":"Yasunori Watanabe, S. Moriyama, K. Wakayoshi","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to experimentally verify the efficacy of wearing flotation aids to add buoyancy from the pelvis to the side of the thigh on the swimming performance of beginning swimmers who were capable of swimming around 25 meters at a time. The study recruited seven male university students who were members of the Physical Education Department and who lacked experience in specialized swimming instruction. The study found statistical difference in prone flotation between the use of flotation aids (7.27±1.92 sec) and without flotation aids (3.50±0.72 sec). During swimming for distance in a 5 min. swim test, we found statistical difference between the use of flotation aids (185.0±29.6 m) and without flotation aids (172.6±24.4 m). Moreover, no overall differences in stroke length and stroke rate were observed flotation and no flotation use.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86296376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In This Issue (13:2)","authors":"Langendorfer, J. Stephen","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Front matter to Volume 13 Issue 2","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84531969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Ramos, Roy R. Fielding, K. Anderson, Peter G. Wernicki
Several water safety organizations have attempted to improve reporting regarding lifeguard actions in order to better understand the characteristics of successful, non-fatal rescues. In 2003, a collective effort initiated the Lifeguard Rescue Reporting System, an online survey distributed to lifeguards and facility managers across the United States and Canada to better understand rescue actions performed in pools/spas, water parks, and open water areas. After seven years of data collection, the online survey accumulated data reflecting 1,676 rescue actions, collecting information including location, victim characteristics and outcome, rescuer characteristics and strategies, and other general circumstances. Descriptive results indicated that at least half of victims were 14 years old or younger across all settings. Depths of 0.9-1.5m (3-5 ft) represented the range at which incidents most frequently occurred in pools and spas and waterparks, whereas the depth of incidents was generally deeper in natural and open waterways. During rescue incidents, water safety personnel generally identified victims either visually (83-92% of the time) and/or audibly (18-29%), although victim “profiling” was also employed 10-14% of the time to identify at-risk swimmers. Notably, across all three water setting types, no medical aid was required in most cases (60-72%), suggesting the efficacy and essentiality of lifeguards as aquatic first responders. Accordingly, as water-based recreation maintains its popularity, systematically collecting and analyzing data specific to everyday, rescue actions are critical to improving lifeguard education and strategic, data-based operating procedures.
{"title":"The Lifeguard Rescue Reporting System: Survey Results from a Collaborative Data Collection Method","authors":"William Ramos, Roy R. Fielding, K. Anderson, Peter G. Wernicki","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Several water safety organizations have attempted to improve reporting regarding lifeguard actions in order to better understand the characteristics of successful, non-fatal rescues. In 2003, a collective effort initiated the Lifeguard Rescue Reporting System, an online survey distributed to lifeguards and facility managers across the United States and Canada to better understand rescue actions performed in pools/spas, water parks, and open water areas. After seven years of data collection, the online survey accumulated data reflecting 1,676 rescue actions, collecting information including location, victim characteristics and outcome, rescuer characteristics and strategies, and other general circumstances. Descriptive results indicated that at least half of victims were 14 years old or younger across all settings. Depths of 0.9-1.5m (3-5 ft) represented the range at which incidents most frequently occurred in pools and spas and waterparks, whereas the depth of incidents was generally deeper in natural and open waterways. During rescue incidents, water safety personnel generally identified victims either visually (83-92% of the time) and/or audibly (18-29%), although victim “profiling” was also employed 10-14% of the time to identify at-risk swimmers. Notably, across all three water setting types, no medical aid was required in most cases (60-72%), suggesting the efficacy and essentiality of lifeguards as aquatic first responders. Accordingly, as water-based recreation maintains its popularity, systematically collecting and analyzing data specific to everyday, rescue actions are critical to improving lifeguard education and strategic, data-based operating procedures.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84256676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drowning amongst older people is a growing concern. Exploring demographic and other factors associated with unintentional drowning incidents amongst older adults may assist to identify key target groups and refine prevention strategies. This study sought to examine the heterogeneity of older individuals who have drowned and identify population subgroups in Western Australia (WA). A cluster analysis was used to segment the population by examining coronial data 2001-2018 (n = 93). Analysis identified four groups; 1) ‘men who boat & fish in company’ 2) ‘affluent men with poor health’ 3) ‘non-drinkers who boat and fish’, and 4) ‘older men, who slipped or fell’. Males aged 65-74 years were particularly at-risk while participating in various aquatic activities such as boating, fishing (incl. rock-fishing) and swimming/recreating. This study provided insights into an underserved area and will directly inform the development of new strategies for this target group in WA.
{"title":"Who are the Older Adults Who Drown in Western Australia? A Cluster Analysis Using Coronial Drowning Data","authors":"M. Abercromby, J. Leavy, L. Nimmo, G. Crawford","doi":"10.25035/IJARE.13.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/IJARE.13.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Drowning amongst older people is a growing concern. Exploring demographic and other factors associated with unintentional drowning incidents amongst older adults may assist to identify key target groups and refine prevention strategies. This study sought to examine the heterogeneity of older individuals who have drowned and identify population subgroups in Western Australia (WA). A cluster analysis was used to segment the population by examining coronial data 2001-2018 (n = 93). Analysis identified four groups; 1) ‘men who boat & fish in company’ 2) ‘affluent men with poor health’ 3) ‘non-drinkers who boat and fish’, and 4) ‘older men, who slipped or fell’. Males aged 65-74 years were particularly at-risk while participating in various aquatic activities such as boating, fishing (incl. rock-fishing) and swimming/recreating. This study provided insights into an underserved area and will directly inform the development of new strategies for this target group in WA.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"34 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87529740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-14DOI: 10.33258/BIRCI.V3I4.1393
Sunarya Sunarya
The onomatopoeia discussed in this article is specifically those of the Javanese words, such as the words used in Javanese magazines, Djaka Lodang (DJ), Panjebar Semangat (PS), and Jaya Baya (JB). The described Javanese onomatopoeia words were adjusted to the formation process according to Brandstatter's theory, the onomatopoeic elements can, therefore, be identified. The Javanese onomatopoeic words were analyzed based on qualitative methods, by referring to two techniques of data analysis (Sudaryanto's method), namely the technique of directly comparing the linguistic elements (which Sudaryanto termed agih), and comparing the elements of language with elements outside the language (‘padan’ equivalent), such as utterances or articulators.The onomatopoeic elements in a number of words can be explained based on the formation of root words derived from sound imitation, the type of sound moving objects and its phonestemic aspects, such as the opposition of the size of the sound, and so forth. In this study there are several types of sound imitation, such as sounds of bursting, friction, rounding, rolling, throwing, falling, slapping, opening-closing sounds, coming out- coming in sounds, absorption sounds, etc. This article provides an evidence for the richness of the Javanese words in terms of the sound imitation. Therefore, not only Japanese and Korean are identical to onomatopoeia, the Javanese language spoken in the Island of Java, Indonesia is quite rich with onomatopoeia, especially the secondary one. In addition, the results of this study will hopefully be beneficial for those doing similar studies.
{"title":"Sounds in Javanese Words: Onomatopoeia, Phonesthemic and Language Logic","authors":"Sunarya Sunarya","doi":"10.33258/BIRCI.V3I4.1393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33258/BIRCI.V3I4.1393","url":null,"abstract":"The onomatopoeia discussed in this article is specifically those of the Javanese words, such as the words used in Javanese magazines, Djaka Lodang (DJ), Panjebar Semangat (PS), and Jaya Baya (JB). The described Javanese onomatopoeia words were adjusted to the formation process according to Brandstatter's theory, the onomatopoeic elements can, therefore, be identified. The Javanese onomatopoeic words were analyzed based on qualitative methods, by referring to two techniques of data analysis (Sudaryanto's method), namely the technique of directly comparing the linguistic elements (which Sudaryanto termed agih), and comparing the elements of language with elements outside the language (‘padan’ equivalent), such as utterances or articulators.The onomatopoeic elements in a number of words can be explained based on the formation of root words derived from sound imitation, the type of sound moving objects and its phonestemic aspects, such as the opposition of the size of the sound, and so forth. In this study there are several types of sound imitation, such as sounds of bursting, friction, rounding, rolling, throwing, falling, slapping, opening-closing sounds, coming out- coming in sounds, absorption sounds, etc. This article provides an evidence for the richness of the Javanese words in terms of the sound imitation. Therefore, not only Japanese and Korean are identical to onomatopoeia, the Javanese language spoken in the Island of Java, Indonesia is quite rich with onomatopoeia, especially the secondary one. In addition, the results of this study will hopefully be beneficial for those doing similar studies.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84352240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenny Smith, G. Long, P. Dawes, Oliver R. Runswick, M. Tipton
Recommended Citation Smith, Jennifer; Long, Geoff; Dawes, Peter; Runswick, Oliver; and Tipton, Michael J. (2020) "Changes in Lifeguards’ Hazard Detection and Eye Movements with Experience: Is One Season Enough?," International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education: Vol. 13 : No. 1 , Article 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.01.06 Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/vol13/iss1/6
Jennifer Smith;长,Geoff;彼得·道斯;奥利弗Runswick;迈克尔·j·蒂普顿(2020)救生员危险探测和眼球运动随经验的变化:一个季节就够了吗?，《国际水产研究与教育杂志》，第13卷，第1期，第6条。DOI: https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.01.06可在:https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/vol13/iss1/6
{"title":"Changes in Lifeguards’ Hazard Detection and Eye Movements with Experience: Is One Season Enough?","authors":"Jenny Smith, G. Long, P. Dawes, Oliver R. Runswick, M. Tipton","doi":"10.25035/IJARE.13.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/IJARE.13.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Recommended Citation Smith, Jennifer; Long, Geoff; Dawes, Peter; Runswick, Oliver; and Tipton, Michael J. (2020) \"Changes in Lifeguards’ Hazard Detection and Eye Movements with Experience: Is One Season Enough?,\" International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education: Vol. 13 : No. 1 , Article 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.01.06 Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/vol13/iss1/6","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"66 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquatic locomotion exercises are frequently used in rehabilitation and cross-training for land-based athletes. Hydrostatic pressure, thermal conductivity and drag force affect a person's ability to move; therefore, it is important to understand differences of biomechanical gait in water vs land. This review investigated biomechanical differences between shallow water and land-based exercises. PubMed, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus and Scopus were searched; 33 studies included walking forward (27), backward (6) and running (6). Electromyographic amplitude was similar or less in submaximal intensity during aquatic gait, in comparison to on land. At maximal intensities, however, the amplitude was similar (n=5) or higher (n=4) in water than on land. Kinetic variables (i.e. ground reaction force, lower extremity joint moments) were reduced in water (about 30-35%), while kinematic variables varied between shallow water and land-based exercise. The research highlighted in this review provides a strong foundation for improving rehabilitation and research practices associated with aquatic activities.
{"title":"Biomechanical Properties of Land Based and Shallow Water Wait: A Comparative Review of Literature","authors":"M. Yaghoubi, P. Fink, W. Page, S. Shultz","doi":"10.25035/IJARE.13.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/IJARE.13.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic locomotion exercises are frequently used in rehabilitation and cross-training for land-based athletes. Hydrostatic pressure, thermal conductivity and drag force affect a person's ability to move; therefore, it is important to understand differences of biomechanical gait in water vs land. This review investigated biomechanical differences between shallow water and land-based exercises. PubMed, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus and Scopus were searched; 33 studies included walking forward (27), backward (6) and running (6). Electromyographic amplitude was similar or less in submaximal intensity during aquatic gait, in comparison to on land. At maximal intensities, however, the amplitude was similar (n=5) or higher (n=4) in water than on land. Kinetic variables (i.e. ground reaction force, lower extremity joint moments) were reduced in water (about 30-35%), while kinematic variables varied between shallow water and land-based exercise. The research highlighted in this review provides a strong foundation for improving rehabilitation and research practices associated with aquatic activities.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"39 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89424869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：