Carrie Bajenski, Brianna Brandon, Cailey Curry, Leslie Fajardo, Ryan T. Conners
Exercising using an underwater treadmill (UTM) has become a popular modality; however, few studies have focused on the physiological demands of UTM walking at varying water depths. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate changes in heart rate (HR) and core temperature (CT) values in college-aged males and females while exercising at different water immersion depths using an UTM. Twenty participants (age = 21.50 ± 2.19 years; height = 169.04 ± 10.85cm; weight = 75.56 ± 22.28kg) walked at water depths of 10cm below the xiphoid process and at the level of the superior iliac crest (I.C.). Each UTM session lasted 15 minutes, consisting of 5-minute bouts at 1, 2, and 3 mph. Polar HR monitors and ingestible thermoregulatory pills were used to measure HR and CT. Results indicated that HR at 1 (p = .305) and 2 mph (p = .864) were not significantly different between water depths. Heart rate was significantly higher at 3 mph (p = .003) at the I.C. water level. No significant differences were found in CT at 1 (p = .919), 2 (p = .392), or 3 mph (p = .310) during either immersion depth. As a result, higher immersion depths resulted in a lower average HR during higher intensity exercise due to the increased buoyancy effects and the reduced gravity environment of the water. Thus, exercising in higher immersion depths allows participants to exercise at a higher intensity with less overall stress placed on the lower extremities.
{"title":"Effect of Water Depth on Heart Rate and Core Temperature During Underwater Treadmill Walking","authors":"Carrie Bajenski, Brianna Brandon, Cailey Curry, Leslie Fajardo, Ryan T. Conners","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Exercising using an underwater treadmill (UTM) has become a popular modality; however, few studies have focused on the physiological demands of UTM walking at varying water depths. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate changes in heart rate (HR) and core temperature (CT) values in college-aged males and females while exercising at different water immersion depths using an UTM. Twenty participants (age = 21.50 ± 2.19 years; height = 169.04 ± 10.85cm; weight = 75.56 ± 22.28kg) walked at water depths of 10cm below the xiphoid process and at the level of the superior iliac crest (I.C.). Each UTM session lasted 15 minutes, consisting of 5-minute bouts at 1, 2, and 3 mph. Polar HR monitors and ingestible thermoregulatory pills were used to measure HR and CT. Results indicated that HR at 1 (p = .305) and 2 mph (p = .864) were not significantly different between water depths. Heart rate was significantly higher at 3 mph (p = .003) at the I.C. water level. No significant differences were found in CT at 1 (p = .919), 2 (p = .392), or 3 mph (p = .310) during either immersion depth. As a result, higher immersion depths resulted in a lower average HR during higher intensity exercise due to the increased buoyancy effects and the reduced gravity environment of the water. Thus, exercising in higher immersion depths allows participants to exercise at a higher intensity with less overall stress placed on the lower extremities.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84342328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purposes of this study were (a) to describe the perspectives and practices of instructors working in an out-of-school swimming program (OSSP) for underserved children and youth and (b) to examine the factors which shaped these perspectives and practices. The theoretical framework employed was occupational socialization. Two female instructors participated in the study. Five qualitative techniques were used to collect data and standard interpretive techniques were employed to analyze them. Key findings were that the instructors were highly skilled and had well-developed sets of beliefs about teaching swimming and working with disadvantaged children and youth. These perspectives and practices were influenced by the interaction of the instructor's acculturation, professional socialization, and organizational socialization. Implications for selecting instructors for OSSPs included asking potential instructors about their occupational socialization and hiring experienced physical educators. The study also suggested that instructor training includes a substantial teaching component and elements on technical pedagogy and teaching philosophy in the aquatic context.
{"title":"“It’s Up to Us:” Factors Influencing the Perspectives and Practices of Instructors Working in an Out-of-School Swimming Program for Underserved Children and Youth","authors":"Daniela M. Susnara, M. Curtner-Smith","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"The purposes of this study were (a) to describe the perspectives and practices of instructors working in an out-of-school swimming program (OSSP) for underserved children and youth and (b) to examine the factors which shaped these perspectives and practices. The theoretical framework employed was occupational socialization. Two female instructors participated in the study. Five qualitative techniques were used to collect data and standard interpretive techniques were employed to analyze them. Key findings were that the instructors were highly skilled and had well-developed sets of beliefs about teaching swimming and working with disadvantaged children and youth. These perspectives and practices were influenced by the interaction of the instructor's acculturation, professional socialization, and organizational socialization. Implications for selecting instructors for OSSPs included asking potential instructors about their occupational socialization and hiring experienced physical educators. The study also suggested that instructor training includes a substantial teaching component and elements on technical pedagogy and teaching philosophy in the aquatic context.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80877036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extensive research has focused on human resource management (HRM) and recruitment and selection practices across different settings. However, there is a gap in the scholarly literature in ARC settings, including lifeguards. Additionally, the aquatics industry is experiencing unprecedented levels of lifeguard turnover within aquatic facilities. The recruitment and selection process can impact employee turnover. Therefore, an important first step to address lifeguard turnover is to better understand the current recruitment and selection practices of lifeguards. This study focuses on the recruitment and selection practices of ARC management to better understand the recruitment and selection of lifeguards. The analysis is based on 16 semi-structured interviews with ARC managers involved in lifeguard recruitment and selection. Participants included center managers, assistant center managers, and operations managers/coordinators. A deductive analysis was able to effectively explain the current recruitment and selection practices for recruiting lifeguards in Victorian ARCs.
{"title":"Understanding Lifeguard Recruitment and Selection Practices in Victorian Aquatic and Recreation Centers (ARCs)","authors":"M. Butson, J. Tower, Eric J. Schwarz","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive research has focused on human resource management (HRM) and recruitment and selection practices across different settings. However, there is a gap in the scholarly literature in ARC settings, including lifeguards. Additionally, the aquatics industry is experiencing unprecedented levels of lifeguard turnover within aquatic facilities. The recruitment and selection process can impact employee turnover. Therefore, an important first step to address lifeguard turnover is to better understand the current recruitment and selection practices of lifeguards. This study focuses on the recruitment and selection practices of ARC management to better understand the recruitment and selection of lifeguards. The analysis is based on 16 semi-structured interviews with ARC managers involved in lifeguard recruitment and selection. Participants included center managers, assistant center managers, and operations managers/coordinators. A deductive analysis was able to effectively explain the current recruitment and selection practices for recruiting lifeguards in Victorian ARCs.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89093781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Tipton, Joe E. Muller, Cristian Abelairas Gómez, J. Corbett
A person, usually a child or young adult, dies by drowning every 90 seconds around the planet. Most drowning prevention initiatives do not assess the efficacy of the intervention. In this study, thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds had their level of water safety knowledge (covering cold shock, rips and tides) assessed before, just after, and 3-6 months after one, 25-minute water safety lesson on these topics. We evaluated the knowledge gained and retained on water safety “awareness” (i.e., knowledge of risks) and “confidence” in terms of knowing what to do in an emergency. The results demonstrated that the lesson significantly increased water safety awareness and confidence in pupils, and these benefits were retained for at least six months. We accept our hypothesis that theoretical, classroom-based instruction in water safety can improve the water safety awareness and confidence of children and may represent a “lesson for life.” Given the large numbers who drown around the globe annually, a lesson on water safety should be part of every national curriculum.
{"title":"Do Water Safety Lessons Improve Water Safety Knowledge?","authors":"Michael Tipton, Joe E. Muller, Cristian Abelairas Gómez, J. Corbett","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"A person, usually a child or young adult, dies by drowning every 90 seconds around the planet. Most drowning prevention initiatives do not assess the efficacy of the intervention. In this study, thirteen- to fourteen-year-olds had their level of water safety knowledge (covering cold shock, rips and tides) assessed before, just after, and 3-6 months after one, 25-minute water safety lesson on these topics. We evaluated the knowledge gained and retained on water safety “awareness” (i.e., knowledge of risks) and “confidence” in terms of knowing what to do in an emergency. The results demonstrated that the lesson significantly increased water safety awareness and confidence in pupils, and these benefits were retained for at least six months. We accept our hypothesis that theoretical, classroom-based instruction in water safety can improve the water safety awareness and confidence of children and may represent a “lesson for life.” Given the large numbers who drown around the globe annually, a lesson on water safety should be part of every national curriculum.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91328826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah L. M. Calverley, Lauren A. Petrass, J. Blitvich
Globally, alcohol consumption is a public health issue and a risk factor for drownings among young adults. While studies have identified a prominence of alcohol in youth drownings, little is known about the factors that influence young adults’ involvement in alcohol-influenced aquatic activity. The current study aimed to identify the predictors of young adults’ intention to participate, and past participation, in alcohol-influenced aquatic activity. A reliable and valid survey, informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, was distributed to young adults (aged 18-24 years) educated in the UK and Australia. Cumulative odds ordinal logistic regressions with proportional odds were conducted to establish predictors. Overall, 182 participants completed the survey. Subjective norms (Wald χ2 (2) = 8.43, p = .015), cognitive attitudes (Wald χ2 (2) = 6.40, p = .041) and previous involvement (χ2 (1) = 8.98, p = .003) were significant predictors of intention, whilst the influence of friends (Wald χ2 (2) = 10.99, p = .004) and intention (Wald χ2 (2) = 10.80, p = .005) were significant predictors of behavior. Practitioners should enhance risk awareness and norm perceptions in prevention programs to encourage informed decision making in social aquatic situations.
在全球范围内，饮酒是一个公共卫生问题，也是年轻人溺水的一个风险因素。虽然研究已经确定了酒精在青少年溺水中的突出作用，但对影响年轻人参与受酒精影响的水上活动的因素知之甚少。目前的研究旨在确定年轻人参与酒精影响的水上活动的意图和过去参与的预测因素。在计划行为理论的指导下，一项可靠而有效的调查被分发给在英国和澳大利亚受过教育的年轻人(18-24岁)。累积机率与比例机率的序贯逻辑回归建立预测因子。总共有182名参与者完成了调查。主观规范(Wald χ2 (2) = 8.43, p = 0.015)、认知态度(Wald χ2 (2) = 6.40, p = 0.041)和既往参与(χ2 (1) = 8.98, p = 0.003)是意向的显著预测因子，而朋友的影响(Wald χ2 (2) = 10.99, p = 0.004)和意向(Wald χ2 (2) = 10.80, p = 0.005)是行为的显著预测因子。从业人员应提高风险意识和规范观念，在预防方案，以鼓励在社会水生环境知情决策。
{"title":"Predicting Young Adults’ Intentions and Involvement in Alcohol-Influenced Aquatic Activity","authors":"Hannah L. M. Calverley, Lauren A. Petrass, J. Blitvich","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, alcohol consumption is a public health issue and a risk factor for drownings among young adults. While studies have identified a prominence of alcohol in youth drownings, little is known about the factors that influence young adults’ involvement in alcohol-influenced aquatic activity. The current study aimed to identify the predictors of young adults’ intention to participate, and past participation, in alcohol-influenced aquatic activity. A reliable and valid survey, informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, was distributed to young adults (aged 18-24 years) educated in the UK and Australia. Cumulative odds ordinal logistic regressions with proportional odds were conducted to establish predictors. Overall, 182 participants completed the survey. Subjective norms (Wald χ2 (2) = 8.43, p = .015), cognitive attitudes (Wald χ2 (2) = 6.40, p = .041) and previous involvement (χ2 (1) = 8.98, p = .003) were significant predictors of intention, whilst the influence of friends (Wald χ2 (2) = 10.99, p = .004) and intention (Wald χ2 (2) = 10.80, p = .005) were significant predictors of behavior. Practitioners should enhance risk awareness and norm perceptions in prevention programs to encourage informed decision making in social aquatic situations.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82778491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body composition of collegiate swimmers has been extensively studied; however, there are limited reports of body composition among Masters swimmers. This study compared the accuracy of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) to the gold standard method of underwater weighing (UWW) in Masters level swimmers. The relationship between percent body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) was also assessed. Recruitment (n = 6 females, 11 males) occurred at two Masters swim clubs. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed no significant differences between ADP, BIA, and UWW (p > 0.05). For both female and male Masters swimmers, the mean %BF was in the healthy range (30.4 ± 11.7% female, 21.3 ± 8.0% male); however, BMI was in the overweight range (27.0 ± 7.2 kg/m2 female, 26.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2 male). These findings suggest that while ADP, BIA, and UWW were comparable methods for assessing %BF in Masters swimmers, BMI did not adequately represent body composition and health risk for Masters swimmers.
{"title":"Body Composition Assessment in Masters Level Swimmers","authors":"Megan Larson, A. Morgan, J. Kiss, M. Ludy","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Body composition of collegiate swimmers has been extensively studied; however, there are limited reports of body composition among Masters swimmers. This study compared the accuracy of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) to the gold standard method of underwater weighing (UWW) in Masters level swimmers. The relationship between percent body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) was also assessed. Recruitment (n = 6 females, 11 males) occurred at two Masters swim clubs. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed no significant differences between ADP, BIA, and UWW (p > 0.05). For both female and male Masters swimmers, the mean %BF was in the healthy range (30.4 ± 11.7% female, 21.3 ± 8.0% male); however, BMI was in the overweight range (27.0 ± 7.2 kg/m2 female, 26.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2 male). These findings suggest that while ADP, BIA, and UWW were comparable methods for assessing %BF in Masters swimmers, BMI did not adequately represent body composition and health risk for Masters swimmers.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83682279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Love-Smith, W. Koon, Lauren Tabios, S. Bartell
Despite expert consensus and evidence-based preventative strategies against drowning, limited formal study exists on translating recommendations into practical and effective interventions. This paper describes the design of an education-based drowning prevention intervention and reports results from a pilot evaluation of the program’s effect on self-reported water-safe behaviors, attitudes, self-efficacy, and knowledge. Parents and caregivers attending children’s swim lessons in July and August 2018 participated in a brief water-safety education program. A pre-post-test design evaluated "Theory of Planned Behavior" indicators to assess for changes. We found significant increases in scores related to water safety knowledge, attitudes on maintaining arms reach distance to children in the pool, recognizing a child in distress, and self-efficacy of responding to water emergencies involving a child between pre- and post-program. Swim lessons provided a captive audience receptive to drowning prevention information. Due to minimal costs, the program could easily be replicated and delivered to a variety of parent groups.
{"title":"Eyes Save Lives Water Safety Program for Parents and Caregivers: Program Design and Pilot Evaluation from Southern California","authors":"Rachel Love-Smith, W. Koon, Lauren Tabios, S. Bartell","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"Despite expert consensus and evidence-based preventative strategies against drowning, limited formal study exists on translating recommendations into practical and effective interventions. This paper describes the design of an education-based drowning prevention intervention and reports results from a pilot evaluation of the program’s effect on self-reported water-safe behaviors, attitudes, self-efficacy, and knowledge. Parents and caregivers attending children’s swim lessons in July and August 2018 participated in a brief water-safety education program. A pre-post-test design evaluated \"Theory of Planned Behavior\" indicators to assess for changes. We found significant increases in scores related to water safety knowledge, attitudes on maintaining arms reach distance to children in the pool, recognizing a child in distress, and self-efficacy of responding to water emergencies involving a child between pre- and post-program. Swim lessons provided a captive audience receptive to drowning prevention information. Due to minimal costs, the program could easily be replicated and delivered to a variety of parent groups.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72475493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors presented a poster at the International Life Saving Foundation's World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2019 in Durban, South Africa titled, "Finding an Aquatic Voice," that was the basis for this article. The conference theme was "Growing Global Drowning Prevention Capacity,” and the aim of our poster’s contribution to the conference was to explore internal reasons for the variable capacity of water-wary persons to engage in water experiences which often manifest as a “water entry and exit conundrum." The paper provides critical decision points associated with these issues to encourage further reflective practice by aquatic professionals. The poster triggered interest from a wide range of aquatic professionals. The paper intends to generate support for vulnerable persons and their instructors as a silent manifesto on the pool deck. A need for tools to create support for autotelic approaches has not been explored before and this paper starts to lay out a scientific case for why it matters.
{"title":"The Challenge of Water Entries","authors":"Andrea Andrews, Shayne D. Baker","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"The authors presented a poster at the International Life Saving Foundation's World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2019 in Durban, South Africa titled, \"Finding an Aquatic Voice,\" that was the basis for this article. The conference theme was \"Growing Global Drowning Prevention Capacity,” and the aim of our poster’s contribution to the conference was to explore internal reasons for the variable capacity of water-wary persons to engage in water experiences which often manifest as a “water entry and exit conundrum.\" The paper provides critical decision points associated with these issues to encourage further reflective practice by aquatic professionals. The poster triggered interest from a wide range of aquatic professionals. The paper intends to generate support for vulnerable persons and their instructors as a silent manifesto on the pool deck. A need for tools to create support for autotelic approaches has not been explored before and this paper starts to lay out a scientific case for why it matters.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83925942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As aquatic programs re-open and/or expand as COVID restrictions lift, avoiding virus transmission is a top health and safety concern. This article presents options for safe social distancing for professionals and participants during teaching of swim lessons, coaching sessions, and aquatic exercise classes. Emphasis is on practical, session-to-session issues. Suggestions are applicable to all ages of participants in aquatic programs. Focus is on information for aquatic professionals providing direct participant service. Guidelines for program management are also included.
{"title":"Post Pandemic Aquatics: Professionals on Deck","authors":"Susan J. Grosse","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"As aquatic programs re-open and/or expand as COVID restrictions lift, avoiding virus transmission is a top health and safety concern. This article presents options for safe social distancing for professionals and participants during teaching of swim lessons, coaching sessions, and aquatic exercise classes. Emphasis is on practical, session-to-session issues. Suggestions are applicable to all ages of participants in aquatic programs. Focus is on information for aquatic professionals providing direct participant service. Guidelines for program management are also included.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78097843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New Zealand has an aging population and, despite falling drowning tolls in all other age groups (WSNZ, 2019c), older adults have continued to drown in both increasing numbers and proportion. The reasons for this are not well understood since very little drowning research has focused on older people. A water safety survey (N = 389) seeking information on older adults’ aquatic recreational practices and perceptions of safety was conducted at the end of the summer season, 2019. Most adults (86%, n = 335) reported some aquatic activity in the previous year, but those aged 65+ years (66%) were significantly less likely than younger age groups to engage in aquatic recreation. Respondents aged 65+ years were less likely (74%) to perceive they could swim more than five minutes non-stop. We discuss the implications of lower perceived swimming and floating competence and less frequent participation in aquatic activities on risk of drowning.
{"title":"Perceptions of Water Competencies, Drowning Risk and Aquatic Participation among Older Adults","authors":"T. Stanley, K. Moran","doi":"10.25035/ijare.13.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25035/ijare.13.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand has an aging population and, despite falling drowning tolls in all other age groups (WSNZ, 2019c), older adults have continued to drown in both increasing numbers and proportion. The reasons for this are not well understood since very little drowning research has focused on older people. A water safety survey (N = 389) seeking information on older adults’ aquatic recreational practices and perceptions of safety was conducted at the end of the summer season, 2019. Most adults (86%, n = 335) reported some aquatic activity in the previous year, but those aged 65+ years (66%) were significantly less likely than younger age groups to engage in aquatic recreation. Respondents aged 65+ years were less likely (74%) to perceive they could swim more than five minutes non-stop. We discuss the implications of lower perceived swimming and floating competence and less frequent participation in aquatic activities on risk of drowning.","PeriodicalId":38535,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79993566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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