Przemysław Kwiatkowski, J. Godlewski, A. Śliwińska-Jewsiewicka, Z. Kmieć
Introduction. The interactions between individual cells as well as between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAM). Over 100 different CAM have been classified into five families: selectins, integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily, and CD44. Cell adhesion molecules play important roles in embryogenesis and organ growth, cell migration and leukocyte extravasations, wound healing, coagulation, inflammation and tumour invasion and metastasis. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present the role of CAM molecules in the biology of malignant tumours, including the growth of primary tumour, its progression and organ-specific metastases. Discussion. Cell-cell or cell-ECM interactions determine various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation and cell migration. These functions are evoked by CAM-mediated intracellular signal transduction. By activating normal or abnormal signalling, CAM become important activators of primary tumour growth, tumour cell migration through ECM and wall of blood and lymphatic vessels, thus enabling organ-specific metastases. It was shown that altered CAM expression in colon, lung, breast and prostate cancer was associated with an adverse clinical course of the disease, faster metastasising and poor prognosis. Preliminary research indicates that cancer-targeted therapy with integrin inhibitors may result in a suppression of tumour angiogenesis and growth inhibition of primary and metastatic tumours. Conclusions. Cell adhesion molecules are useful markers of some types of tumours. Measurement of CAM expression may be used to evaluate the risk of disease recurrence, metastasis formation and survival time. In addition, CAM can be considered as a new group of molecules for targeted cancer therapy.
{"title":"Cell adhesion molecules in the process of carcinogenesis and metastasis","authors":"Przemysław Kwiatkowski, J. Godlewski, A. Śliwińska-Jewsiewicka, Z. Kmieć","doi":"10.29089/paom/162205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162205","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The interactions between individual cells as well as between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAM). Over 100 different CAM have been classified into five families: selectins, integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily, and CD44. Cell adhesion molecules play important roles in embryogenesis and organ growth, cell migration and leukocyte extravasations, wound healing, coagulation, inflammation and tumour invasion and metastasis. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present the role of CAM molecules in the biology of malignant tumours, including the growth of primary tumour, its progression and organ-specific metastases. Discussion. Cell-cell or cell-ECM interactions determine various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation and cell migration. These functions are evoked by CAM-mediated intracellular signal transduction. By activating normal or abnormal signalling, CAM become important activators of primary tumour growth, tumour cell migration through ECM and wall of blood and lymphatic vessels, thus enabling organ-specific metastases. It was shown that altered CAM expression in colon, lung, breast and prostate cancer was associated with an adverse clinical course of the disease, faster metastasising and poor prognosis. Preliminary research indicates that cancer-targeted therapy with integrin inhibitors may result in a suppression of tumour angiogenesis and growth inhibition of primary and metastatic tumours. Conclusions. Cell adhesion molecules are useful markers of some types of tumours. Measurement of CAM expression may be used to evaluate the risk of disease recurrence, metastasis formation and survival time. In addition, CAM can be considered as a new group of molecules for targeted cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48279829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Peterlejtner, Michał Zdrojewski, Piotr Firkowski, Radosław Kwiasowski, Łukasz Wojtowicz, Elżbieta Buczyńska, T. Szewczyk
Introduction. Colonoscopy is now widely accepted as a gold standard for detection of pre-malignant lesions, mainly adenomatous polyps. Their removal reduces the risk for colorectal cancer in patients with adenomatous polyps. Aim. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency and safety of colonoscopic polypectomies which were performed between 2001 and 2007. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the course and results of polypectomies which were performed during 2970 colonoscopies on patients admitted to hospital with symptoms of colorectal pathology. Results and discussion. Total colonoscopy, i.e. with caecal intubation, was performed in 2602 (91%) cases. Colonoscopic polypectomies were performed during 628 (21.5%) examinations. Single polyps were found in 346 (55.1%) cases and multiple polyps in 282 (44.9%). The total number of removed polyps amounted to 901. Out of that number 690 (76.5%) were adenomas and 173 (23.5%) presented features of the so-called advanced pathology. In 26 (2.8%) cases, the detected adenomas coexisted with colorectal cancer and were removed preoperatively. Post-polypectomy bleeding occurred in 15 (2.3%) cases but only 2 patients required surgical treatment because of the inability to stop the bleeding by an endoscopic procedure. Moreover, out of 268 rectal polyps, 19 (7%) unpedunculated polyps were removed surgically (18 of them by trans-anal excision). Conclusions. The effectiveness of this method was high. Polyps were detected and removed in the course of more than 20% of colonoscopic examinations. Polypectomies were relatively complications-free, although in 2 (0.28%) cases surgical treatment was necessary to stop post-polypectomy bleeding due to the inability to stop the bleeding from the polyp stalk endoscopically. Some rectal polyps (7%) had to be removed surgically. Preoperative endoscopic clearance of large bowel polyps, coexisting with neoplastic tumours, facilitated the adjustment of the resection margin in the subsequent colorectal cancer surgery.
{"title":"Efectiveness and safety of colonoscopic polypectomy","authors":"T. Peterlejtner, Michał Zdrojewski, Piotr Firkowski, Radosław Kwiasowski, Łukasz Wojtowicz, Elżbieta Buczyńska, T. Szewczyk","doi":"10.29089/paom/162202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162202","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Colonoscopy is now widely accepted as a gold standard for detection of pre-malignant lesions, mainly adenomatous polyps. Their removal reduces the risk for colorectal cancer in patients with adenomatous polyps. Aim. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency and safety of colonoscopic polypectomies which were performed between 2001 and 2007. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the course and results of polypectomies which were performed during 2970 colonoscopies on patients admitted to hospital with symptoms of colorectal pathology. Results and discussion. Total colonoscopy, i.e. with caecal intubation, was performed in 2602 (91%) cases. Colonoscopic polypectomies were performed during 628 (21.5%) examinations. Single polyps were found in 346 (55.1%) cases and multiple polyps in 282 (44.9%). The total number of removed polyps amounted to 901. Out of that number 690 (76.5%) were adenomas and 173 (23.5%) presented features of the so-called advanced pathology. In 26 (2.8%) cases, the detected adenomas coexisted with colorectal cancer and were removed preoperatively. Post-polypectomy bleeding occurred in 15 (2.3%) cases but only 2 patients required surgical treatment because of the inability to stop the bleeding by an endoscopic procedure. Moreover, out of 268 rectal polyps, 19 (7%) unpedunculated polyps were removed surgically (18 of them by trans-anal excision). Conclusions. The effectiveness of this method was high. Polyps were detected and removed in the course of more than 20% of colonoscopic examinations.\u0000Polypectomies were relatively complications-free, although in 2 (0.28%) cases surgical treatment was necessary to stop post-polypectomy bleeding due to the inability to stop the bleeding from the polyp stalk endoscopically. Some rectal polyps (7%) had to be removed surgically. Preoperative endoscopic clearance of large bowel polyps, coexisting with neoplastic tumours, facilitated the adjustment of the resection\u0000margin in the subsequent colorectal cancer surgery.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69686295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Wolska, K. Zaborowska-Sapeta, W. Kiebzak, I. Kowalski, Miguel Torres Torres
Introduction. Aging is a natural and prevalent process. It concerns all organs and systems, even if there are no signs of pathology. At present there is no age limit which indicates specifically the beginning of senility. The border between physiology and pathology is blurred; consequently, the treatment of some geriatric diseases is difficult, especially when preventive measures have not been taken. Rehabilitation should focus on personal well-being of the patients and improving their quality of life. Aim. The aim of this article is to discuss issues concerning the planning of complex rehabilitation of geriatric patients and its management. Materials and methods. This article analyses selected clinical aspects of: osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, pulmonary and circulatory disturbances, prevention of bedsore and contractures in bedridden patients. The process of planning the therapy, including cardiologic and orthopaedic rehabilitation, is presented. The application of the Get Up and Go Test to evaluate patients’ fitness and the SMART principle when planning a rehabilitation course is proposed. Essential factors in a correctly planned therapy of geriatric patients are emphasised. Discussion. Due to scientific evidence confirming the efficiency of regular physical activity in the case of senior patients, they should be motivated to undertake physical exercises and to cooperate. Rehabilitation aims at: improving general well–being, allowing to maintain an independent way of life, reducing the risk of some diseases and easing their course, reducing pain and disability effects. Complex geriatric rehabilitation concerns every patient in terms of motion ability, pain release, as well as psychological and social spheres of life. Properly conducted and systematically undertaken physical activities can improve physical and mental health of senior patients, even though they do not stop the aging process itself. Orthopaedic devices for geriatric patients decrease their disability. Improvement in motor functioning, personal care skills and independence restores patients’ self-confidence, reinforces their social and cultural integration and allows them to become professionally active again. Conclusions. Geriatric patients suffer from various diseases and require personalised rehabilitation. A well planned rehabilitation and physical therapy program should include all factors influencing the quality of life of such patients and should provide rehabilitation aims. Rehabilitation should be long-termed, complex and involve elements of prophylactics.
介绍。衰老是一个自然而普遍的过程。它涉及所有的器官和系统，即使没有病理迹象。目前还没有年龄限制来明确指出衰老的开始。生理学和病理学之间的界限是模糊的;因此，一些老年病的治疗是困难的，特别是在没有采取预防措施的情况下。康复应注重患者的个人福祉，提高患者的生活质量。的目标。本文的目的是讨论有关老年患者复杂康复的规划和管理问题。材料和方法。本文对卧床病人的骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、肺和循环障碍、褥疮和挛缩的预防等临床方面进行了分析。计划治疗的过程，包括心脏和骨科康复，提出。提出了应用Get Up and Go Test评估患者体能和SMART原则规划康复课程的方法。强调了正确计划老年患者治疗的基本因素。讨论。由于科学证据证实了定期体育活动对老年患者的有效性，因此应该激励他们进行体育锻炼并予以配合。康复的目标是:改善总体福祉，使人们能够保持独立的生活方式，减少某些疾病的风险并缓解其病程，减少疼痛和残疾影响。复杂的老年康复涉及到每一个病人的运动能力，疼痛释放，以及心理和社会生活领域。适当地进行和系统地进行体育活动可以改善老年患者的身心健康，即使它们不能阻止衰老过程本身。用于老年患者的矫形装置减少了他们的残疾。运动功能、个人护理技能和独立性的改善恢复了患者的自信，加强了他们对社会和文化的融合，并使他们再次成为职业活跃人士。结论。老年患者患有各种疾病，需要个性化康复。一个计划良好的康复和物理治疗方案应包括影响这些患者生活质量的所有因素，并应提供康复目标。康复应该是长期的、复杂的，并包括预防措施。
{"title":"Seniors rehabilitatin – clinical implications and therapy planning","authors":"Olga Wolska, K. Zaborowska-Sapeta, W. Kiebzak, I. Kowalski, Miguel Torres Torres","doi":"10.29089/paom/162228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162228","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Aging is a natural and prevalent process. It concerns all organs and systems, even if there are no signs of pathology. At present there is no age limit which indicates specifically the beginning of senility. The border between physiology and pathology is blurred; consequently, the treatment of some geriatric diseases is difficult, especially when preventive measures have not been taken. Rehabilitation should focus on personal well-being of the patients and improving their quality of life. Aim. The aim of this article is to discuss issues concerning the planning of complex rehabilitation of geriatric patients and its management. Materials and methods. This article analyses selected clinical aspects of: osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, pulmonary and circulatory disturbances, prevention of bedsore and contractures in bedridden patients. The process of planning the therapy, including cardiologic and orthopaedic rehabilitation, is presented. The application of the Get Up and Go Test to evaluate patients’ fitness and the SMART principle when planning a rehabilitation course is proposed. Essential factors in a correctly planned therapy of geriatric patients are emphasised. Discussion. Due to scientific evidence confirming the efficiency of regular physical activity in the case of senior patients, they should be motivated to undertake physical exercises and to cooperate. Rehabilitation aims at: improving general well–being, allowing to maintain an independent way of life, reducing the risk of some diseases and easing their course, reducing pain and disability effects. Complex geriatric rehabilitation concerns every patient in terms of motion ability, pain release, as well as psychological and social spheres of life. Properly conducted and systematically undertaken physical activities can improve physical and mental health of senior patients, even though they do not stop the aging process itself. Orthopaedic devices for geriatric patients decrease their disability. Improvement in motor functioning, personal care skills and independence restores patients’ self-confidence, reinforces their social and cultural integration and allows them to become professionally active again. Conclusions. Geriatric patients suffer from various diseases and require personalised rehabilitation. A well planned rehabilitation and physical therapy program should include all factors influencing the quality of life of such patients and should provide rehabilitation aims. Rehabilitation should be long-termed, complex and involve elements of prophylactics.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46229829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. In order to evaluate one’s well-being or quality of life, two types of criteria are most frequently applied: objective and subjective. Whilst determining the first set of criteria, financial situation, social roles, social position and relationships with other individuals are considered. The second type of criteria refers to a given individual’s subjective evaluation concerning satisfaction in various aspects of life. Aim. This study aimed at evaluating the quality of life of patients with Scheuermann’s disease. Materials and methods. This study involved 30 patients, aged from 12 to 19, the median age: 15, with Scheuermann’s disease, hospitalised in The Chair and Rehabilitation Clinic in the Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital for Children in Ameryka/ Olsztyn, between December 2008 and April 2009. The patients completed a questionnaire which served to carry out the evaluation of their quality of life. Results. More than 1/3 of the patients manifested pain, and also 1/3 of them reported pain to be rare, whereas only 8 patients declared no pain at all. Pain made it difficult for the patients to function in various life situations, the most frequent being: physical activity as well as school and home activities. Out of the examined patients, 17 declared that Scheuremann’s disease had a negative impact on their lives. 25 patients (83%) experienced improvement after physical exercises and physiotherapy. A large number of the questioned patients admitted that they did not do the recommended exercises at home. Similarly, among those patients who had been recommended to wear back braces, a large group declared that they did not do it. Conclusions. The majority of the patients evaluate their quality of life negatively due to back pain. However, a significant proportion of this group declare that their wellbeing improves after physical exercises and physiotherapy. A large number of the studied patients do not do recommended exercises at home which results in the lack of improvement of their health condition. Almost half of the patients for whom back braces were recommended do not wear them because they find it troublesome.
{"title":"Quality of life of the youth with Scheuermann's disease","authors":"Joanna Użyńska, Robert Ropiak, I. Kowalski","doi":"10.29089/paom/162190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162190","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In order to evaluate one’s well-being or quality of life, two types of criteria are most frequently applied: objective and subjective. Whilst determining the first set of criteria, financial situation, social roles, social position and relationships with other individuals are considered. The second type of criteria refers to a given individual’s subjective evaluation concerning satisfaction in various aspects of life.\u0000Aim. This study aimed at evaluating the quality of life of patients with Scheuermann’s disease.\u0000Materials and methods. This study involved 30 patients, aged from 12 to 19, the median age: 15, with Scheuermann’s disease, hospitalised in The Chair and Rehabilitation Clinic in the Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital for Children in Ameryka/ Olsztyn, between December 2008 and April 2009. The patients completed a questionnaire which served to carry out the evaluation of their quality of life.\u0000Results. More than 1/3 of the patients manifested pain, and also 1/3 of them reported pain to be rare, whereas only 8 patients declared no pain at all. Pain made it difficult for the patients to function in various life situations, the most frequent being: physical activity as well as school and home activities. Out of the examined patients, 17 declared that Scheuremann’s disease had a negative impact on their lives. 25 patients (83%) experienced improvement after physical exercises and physiotherapy. A large number of the questioned patients admitted that they did not do the recommended exercises at home. Similarly, among those patients who had been recommended to wear back braces, a large group declared that they did not do it.\u0000Conclusions. The majority of the patients evaluate their quality of life negatively due to back pain. However, a significant proportion of this group declare that their wellbeing\u0000improves after physical exercises and physiotherapy. A large number of the\u0000studied patients do not do recommended exercises at home which results in the lack\u0000of improvement of their health condition. Almost half of the patients for whom back\u0000braces were recommended do not wear them because they find it troublesome.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Congenital malformations have been known about for ages, but the reasons for their development have always been shrouded in mystery. All efforts to explain such reasons as to relating to the natural forces of God’s revenge have not stood the test of time. Still, the knowledge concerning the aetiology of malformations is not complete; we know, however, about many factors which may contribute to their development during various stages of embryogenesis. Aim. The aim of this paper is the analysis of specific factors which may have contributed to the development of congenital malformations in children born in the Province of Warmia and Mazury between the years 1999 and 2000. Materials and methods. The author of this paper, who is involved in the creation of the Polish Register of Congenital Malformations (PRCM), evaluated case records of newborns who had been reported to have been born with congenital malformations. The data recorded in this Register, maintained by the Chair and Department of Medical Genetics at the Medical Academy (at present Medical University) in Poznań, was verified by specialists, and later analysed according to the methodological principles of this work. The analysis included: fetal age and birth weight, mother’s age and education, as well as mother’s place of residence. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of Statistica v.6.1 software. Results and discussion. Congenital malformations were found in 276 boys, with a malformations incidence factor of 166.8/10000 for boys, and in 212 girls, the malformations incidence factor being 136.2/10000 for girls. The higher incidence of congenital malformations in boys was caused by a nearly 10 times higher incidence of urinary system defects. The incidence of congenital malformations in newborns whose mothers resided in cities amounted to 132.9/10000 of newborns born in cities. The incidence of congenital malformations in newborns of mothers residing in the country was 141.9/10 000 of newborns born in the country. It was also noted that the incidence of congenital malformations was 2–3 times higher in children with low birth weight in comparison to the general population. The highest incidence of congenital malformations was found in those children whose mothers were 35 years of age or older at the time of giving birth. Advanced maternal age was the most significant factor in the development of malformations caused by chromosome aberrations. Creating a district map presenting the incidence of malformations may be the first step to further research concerning those specific geographical regions at high risk of congenital malformations. The highest incidence, irrespective of the type of malformation, was observed in the districts of: Mrągowo, Ostróda and Braniewo, whereas the lowest was found in the districts of: Ełk, Olecko and Gołdap, and Giżycko. Conclusions. Having analysed all pertinent data, it was then concluded that: 1. Male sex correlates with the incidence of
{"title":"Analysis of the factors which may have influenced the incidence of congenital malformations in children born in the province of Warmia and Mazury between 1999 and 2000","authors":"Anna Kossakowska-Krajewska","doi":"10.29089/paom/162195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162195","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Congenital malformations have been known about for ages, but the reasons for their development have always been shrouded in mystery. All efforts to explain such reasons as to relating to the natural forces of God’s revenge have not stood the test of time. Still, the knowledge concerning the aetiology of malformations is not complete; we know, however, about many factors which may contribute\u0000to their development during various stages of embryogenesis. Aim. The aim of this paper is the analysis of specific factors which may have contributed to the development of congenital malformations in children born in the Province of Warmia and Mazury between the years 1999 and 2000. Materials and methods. The author of this paper, who is involved in the creation of the Polish Register of Congenital Malformations (PRCM), evaluated case records of newborns who had been reported to have been born with congenital malformations. The data recorded in this Register, maintained by the Chair and Department of Medical Genetics at the Medical Academy (at present Medical University) in Poznań, was verified by specialists, and later analysed according to the methodological principles of this work. The analysis included: fetal age and birth weight, mother’s age and education, as well as mother’s place of residence. Statistical analysis was\u0000carried out by means of Statistica v.6.1 software. Results and discussion. Congenital malformations were found in 276 boys, with\u0000a malformations incidence factor of 166.8/10000 for boys, and in 212 girls, the malformations incidence factor being 136.2/10000 for girls. The higher incidence of congenital malformations in boys was caused by a nearly 10 times higher incidence of urinary system defects. The incidence of congenital malformations in newborns whose mothers resided in cities amounted to 132.9/10000 of newborns born in cities.\u0000The incidence of congenital malformations in newborns of mothers residing in the country was 141.9/10 000 of newborns born in the country. It was also noted that the incidence of congenital malformations was 2–3 times higher in children with low birth weight in comparison to the general population. The highest incidence of congenital malformations was found in those children whose mothers were\u000035 years of age or older at the time of giving birth. Advanced maternal age was the most significant factor in the development of malformations caused by chromosome aberrations. Creating a district map presenting the incidence of malformations may be the first step to further research concerning those specific geographical regions at high risk of congenital malformations. The highest incidence, irrespective of the type of malformation, was observed in the districts of: Mrągowo, Ostróda and Braniewo, whereas the lowest was found in the districts of: Ełk, Olecko and Gołdap, and Giżycko.\u0000Conclusions. Having analysed all pertinent data, it was then concluded that: 1. Male sex correlates with the incidence of ","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Haemodynamic disturbances occurring solely in a standing position, consisting of a simultaneous drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increased pulse rate are defined as orthostatic hypotension (OH). Aim. To determine the incidence of OH in school population and to provide its clinical characteristics. To determine the influence of the applied treatment on the arterial blood pressure, well-being, learning results and sickness absence. Materials and methods. The study involved 1208 students, aged 7–18, and 400 students referred by the Psycho-Educational Counselling Centre who reported a variety of health and school problems. Medical histories guided to detect faintness and syncope were collected from all the studied patients. Crampton test (a screening test) was performed, and when the results were incorrect – Schellong’s orthostatic test (a diagnostic test). Results and discussion. A significant decrease in the arterial pressure amplitude with a simultaneously increased pulse rate revealed in Schellong’s test were assumed to be diagnostic and differential criteria with common hypotension. Based on these criteria, medical histories and examinations, OH was diagnosed: in 71 cases (5.8%) in the randomly chosen group and in 39 (9.8%) students referred by the PsychoEducational Counselling Centre. Girls aged 13–15 (8.7%), of an asthenic body structure type, formed the most numerous group. Long-term treatment was devised for the students diagnosed with OH, mainly focusing on changing their lifestyles and intensifying their physical activities. The observation period lasted 3–4 years, the longest – 10 years. Among the adults, 9 people manifested OH, which may testify to constitutional aetiology (family) of the disease. Conclusions. OH is a significant problem, especially in the case of girls at puberty. The obtained results point to a need for co-operation between a physician, teacher and parents.
{"title":"Orthostatic hypotension in school children and youth","authors":"Stanisław Rumiński","doi":"10.29089/paom/162192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162192","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Haemodynamic disturbances occurring solely in a standing position, consisting of a simultaneous drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increased pulse rate are defined as orthostatic hypotension (OH).\u0000Aim. To determine the incidence of OH in school population and to provide its clinical characteristics. To determine the influence of the applied treatment on the arterial blood pressure, well-being, learning results and sickness absence.\u0000Materials and methods. The study involved 1208 students, aged 7–18, and 400 students referred by the Psycho-Educational Counselling Centre who reported a variety of health and school problems. Medical histories guided to detect faintness and syncope were collected from all the studied patients. Crampton test (a screening test) was performed, and when the results were incorrect – Schellong’s orthostatic test (a diagnostic test).\u0000Results and discussion. A significant decrease in the arterial pressure amplitude with a simultaneously increased pulse rate revealed in Schellong’s test were assumed to be diagnostic and differential criteria with common hypotension. Based on these criteria, medical histories and examinations, OH was diagnosed: in 71 cases (5.8%) in the randomly chosen group and in 39 (9.8%) students referred by the PsychoEducational Counselling Centre. Girls aged 13–15 (8.7%), of an asthenic body structure type, formed the most numerous group. Long-term treatment was devised for the students diagnosed with OH, mainly focusing on changing their lifestyles and intensifying their physical activities. The observation period lasted 3–4 years, the longest – 10 years. Among the adults, 9 people manifested OH, which may testify to\u0000constitutional aetiology (family) of the disease.\u0000Conclusions. OH is a significant problem, especially in the case of girls at puberty. The obtained results point to a need for co-operation between a physician, teacher and parents.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44759687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Piotrowska, Agnieszka Rybarczyk, P. Wierzbicki, Marzena Kotwas, A. Wrońska, Z. Kmieć
Introduction. In the early 1990s, during experiments aimed at intensifying the colour of Petunia hybryda flowers, a new mechanism of regulation of gene expression was discovered; however, its mechanism, i.e. inhibition of gene expression at a post-transcriptional stage, remained unknown. In 1998 two groups led by A. Fire and C. Mello found a molecular basis for the phenomenon called RNA interference (RNAi). Delivery of a double stranded RNA to a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, triggered silencing of complementary messenger RNA sequences. This discovery opened new perspectives for research involving gene functions due to the possibility of inhibiting the expression of a specific gene through its mRNA degradation in the cytosol. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present a potential role of RNAi as a therapeutic method for various diseases. Discussion. RNAi provides a powerful technique for the derivation and analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes in vertebrate cells. This technique may be also applied as a therapeutic strategy, e.g. in genetic and viral diseases, and clinical trials to test this possibility have been already initiated. Conclusions. RNAi-based therapy may become a powerful tool to treat many diseases whose molecular pathogenesis mechanisms have been thoroughly understood.
{"title":"RNA interference – mechanism and therapeutic possibilities","authors":"A. Piotrowska, Agnieszka Rybarczyk, P. Wierzbicki, Marzena Kotwas, A. Wrońska, Z. Kmieć","doi":"10.29089/paom/162206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162206","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the early 1990s, during experiments aimed at intensifying the colour of Petunia hybryda flowers, a new mechanism of regulation of gene expression was discovered; however, its mechanism, i.e. inhibition of gene expression at a post-transcriptional stage, remained unknown. In 1998 two groups led by A. Fire and C. Mello found a molecular basis for the phenomenon called RNA interference (RNAi). Delivery of a double stranded RNA to a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, triggered silencing of complementary messenger RNA sequences. This discovery opened new perspectives for research involving gene functions due to the possibility of inhibiting the expression of a specific gene through its mRNA degradation in the cytosol. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present a potential role of RNAi as a therapeutic method for various diseases. Discussion. RNAi provides a powerful technique for the derivation and analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes in vertebrate cells. This technique may be also applied as a therapeutic strategy, e.g. in genetic and viral diseases, and clinical trials to test this possibility have been already initiated. Conclusions. RNAi-based therapy may become a powerful tool to treat many diseases whose molecular pathogenesis mechanisms have been thoroughly understood.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45981258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Combined orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment usually consists of three stages: pre-orthodontic, orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. This study discusses the orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment stages of subgingival fractures of single-root teeth. The treatment is presented on the basis of the case involving the subgingival fracture of the upper right canine tooth in a 25-years old patient. Aim. The aim of this study is to present the results of the treatment involving the improvement in the function and aesthetics of the upper jaw, following the fracture. We focused specifically on the creation of proper conditions to implement an interdisciplinary treatment. The priority of such treatment is to uncover the contour of the fractured root. The success of the treatment depends on the degree of fracture confirmed by X-ray examinations, the length of the undamaged part of the root remaining in the bone and its anatomical structure. These factors influence the result of the endodontic treatment and the following prosthodontic restoration. Materials and methods. It is possible to uncover the contour of the fractured root by means, among others, of the application of a special orthodontic technique called extrusion. In the case of the treated patient, extrusion was performed by a fixed orthodontic device placed on the neighbouring teeth and a hook cemented in the canal of the fractured tooth. The extrusion was additionally supported by cutting periodontal fibres gradually. The orthodontic treatment involved 6 appointments and lasted 6 weeks from the placement of the fixed orthodontic device till the stage when the entire contour of the root’s bearing surface was revealed. Correct orthodontic therapy was necessary for a subsequent, successful, prosthodontic reconstruction. The prosthodontic treatment lasted 1 week and involved 2 appointments. It was performed in two stages: first, crown and root inlay was made of gold alloy (87%) and then, an aesthetic crown made of gold and porcelain (galvanic technique). Results and discussion. As a result of the combined treatment, it was possible to uncover the fractured root 2 mm above the bone plate of the alveolar process, and, consequently, to recreate the damaged tooth by means of a prosthodontic reconstruction. Conclusions. Combined orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment determines a successful prosthodontic reconstruction, thus restoring the function and aesthetic effect of the upper jaw and the whole oral cavity in a relatively short period of time.
{"title":"Orthodontic and prosthodontic reatment of subgingival fractures of single-root teeth – a case study","authors":"Urszula Kaczmarek-Mielęcka, Lucyna Wojtacka","doi":"10.29089/paom/162203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162203","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Combined orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment usually consists of three stages: pre-orthodontic, orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. This study discusses the orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment stages of subgingival fractures of single-root teeth. The treatment is presented on the basis of the case involving the subgingival fracture of the upper right canine tooth in a 25-years old\u0000patient. Aim. The aim of this study is to present the results of the treatment involving the improvement in the function and aesthetics of the upper jaw, following the fracture. We focused specifically on the creation of proper conditions to implement an interdisciplinary treatment. The priority of such treatment is to uncover the contour of the fractured root. The success of the treatment depends on the degree of fracture confirmed by X-ray examinations, the length of the undamaged part of the root remaining in the bone and its anatomical structure. These factors influence the result of the endodontic treatment and the following prosthodontic restoration. Materials and methods. It is possible to uncover the contour of the fractured root by means, among others, of the application of a special orthodontic technique called extrusion. In the case of the treated patient, extrusion was performed by a fixed orthodontic device placed on the neighbouring teeth and a hook cemented in the canal of the fractured tooth. The extrusion was additionally supported by cutting periodontal fibres gradually. The orthodontic treatment involved 6 appointments and lasted 6 weeks from the placement of the fixed orthodontic device till the stage when the entire contour of the root’s bearing surface was revealed. Correct orthodontic therapy was necessary for a subsequent, successful, prosthodontic reconstruction. The prosthodontic treatment lasted 1 week and involved 2 appointments. It was\u0000performed in two stages: first, crown and root inlay was made of gold alloy (87%) and then, an aesthetic crown made of gold and porcelain (galvanic technique). Results and discussion. As a result of the combined treatment, it was possible to uncover the fractured root 2 mm above the bone plate of the alveolar process, and, consequently, to recreate the damaged tooth by means of a prosthodontic reconstruction. Conclusions. Combined orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment determines a successful prosthodontic reconstruction, thus restoring the function and aesthetic effect of the upper jaw and the whole oral cavity in a relatively short period of time.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42594830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Chronic somatopathies are usually progressive and may result in substantial psychological changes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks very high as a reason for physical disability in the world. Aim. This study aimed at estimating mood, mental activity, efficiency, and tonus of the vegetative nervous system of patients with COPD. Materials and methods. Colour Luscher’s test was used to survey 62 patients with COPD of mild and moderate degree, including 38 men and 24 women of the median age: 48±2.1. The control group, also tested, consisted of 56 essentially healthy people, comparable with regards to age and sex to the researched group. Colour Luscher’s test was applied to study psychological and social characteristics, as well as the level of the «simpaticus» scale of the vegetative nervous system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreased functional ability, increased uneasiness, and a high level of the «simpaticus» scale of the vegetative nervous system did not correlate with the gender of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Psychological and social characteristics of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are provided and discussed considering their gender. Conclusions. Irrespective of sex, COPD patients manifest a high tonus of sympathetic department of the vegetative nervous system, reduced efficiency, and increased anxiety. In male patients, striving for recognition, impressionability and sensitivity, lead to marked nervous pressure in connection with their attempt for self-esteem. In female patients, reduction in the factors of: instability of choice, emotional indifference, and pessimism, is marked.
{"title":"Psychological changes in patients with COPD","authors":"T. Zhukava","doi":"10.29089/paom/162173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162173","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Chronic somatopathies are usually progressive and may result in substantial psychological changes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks very high as a reason for physical disability in the world.\u0000Aim. This study aimed at estimating mood, mental activity, efficiency, and tonus of the vegetative nervous system of patients with COPD.\u0000Materials and methods. Colour Luscher’s test was used to survey 62 patients with COPD of mild and moderate degree, including 38 men and 24 women of the median age: 48±2.1. The control group, also tested, consisted of 56 essentially healthy people, comparable with regards to age and sex to the researched group. Colour Luscher’s test was applied to study psychological and social characteristics, as\u0000well as the level of the «simpaticus» scale of the vegetative nervous system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreased functional ability, increased uneasiness, and a high level of the «simpaticus» scale of the vegetative nervous system did not correlate with the gender of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Psychological and social characteristics of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are provided and discussed considering their gender.\u0000Conclusions. Irrespective of sex, COPD patients manifest a high tonus of sympathetic department of the vegetative nervous system, reduced efficiency, and increased anxiety. In male patients, striving for recognition, impressionability and sensitivity, lead to marked nervous pressure in connection with their attempt for self-esteem. In female patients, reduction in the factors of: instability of choice, emotional indifference, and pessimism, is marked.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. People’s present lifestyle, their work conditions as well as unhealthy eating and leisure habits contribute to a more frequent incidence of spinal diseases. It is believed that representatives of certain professions are more vulnerable to suffering from such conditions than others. For instance, those employed in the shipbuilding industry seem to be often affected by such problems. It is noteworthy that a significant number of these employees seek medical help due to back pain resulting from various types of changes, their condition being confirmed by radiological examinations, such us X-ray, CT and MRI. Aim. The main objective of this paper was to determine the cause and effect relationship between environmental risk factors for people working in the shipbuilding industry and back pain manifestation and its specific localization. Materials and methods. This article discusses 66 patients chosen randomly from a local out-patient clinic for shipbuilding workers who were treated for recurring back pain between October 2008 and March 2009. Each patient’s medical history was carefully analysed to detect the pain localization and possible factors which may have caused a given patient’s condition. To establish the cause and effect relationship between the pain localization and the type of work performed in the shipbuilding industry, the following professions were considered: crane operator (9), welder (20), painter (2), plater (18), shipfitter (14), electrician (1), radiologist-mechanic (1), investment technician (1). Moreover, pathobiomechanics and ergonomics principles were considered. Results and conclusions. It was concluded that crane operators most frequently manifested back pain within the cervical section, whereas the remaining workers generally suffered from pain in the lumbar section. This study confirms that back pain localization diagnosed in various groups of professionals depends on the type of work done and is closely related to adverse working conditions. Observing ergonomics principles and pathobiomechanics rules at work as well as following safety and hygiene procedures at the workplace play a significant role in the pathomechanism of spinal diseases and their subsequent treatment.
{"title":"Environmental risk factors for back pain in the shipbuilding industry","authors":"Anna Dzięgiel","doi":"10.29089/paom/162182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/162182","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. People’s present lifestyle, their work conditions as well as unhealthy eating and leisure habits contribute to a more frequent incidence of spinal diseases. It is believed that representatives of certain professions are more vulnerable to suffering from such conditions than others. For instance, those employed in the shipbuilding industry seem to be often affected by such problems. It is noteworthy that a significant number of these employees seek medical help due to back pain resulting from various types of changes, their condition being confirmed by radiological examinations, such us X-ray, CT and MRI.\u0000Aim. The main objective of this paper was to determine the cause and effect relationship between environmental risk factors for people working in the shipbuilding industry and back pain manifestation and its specific localization.\u0000Materials and methods. This article discusses 66 patients chosen randomly from a local out-patient clinic for shipbuilding workers who were treated for recurring back pain between October 2008 and March 2009. Each patient’s medical history was carefully analysed to detect the pain localization and possible factors which may have caused a given patient’s condition. To establish the cause and effect relationship between the pain localization and the type of work performed in the shipbuilding industry, the following professions were considered: crane operator (9), welder (20), painter (2), plater (18), shipfitter (14), electrician (1), radiologist-mechanic (1), investment technician (1). Moreover, pathobiomechanics and ergonomics principles were considered.\u0000Results and conclusions. It was concluded that crane operators most frequently manifested back pain within the cervical section, whereas the remaining workers generally suffered from pain in the lumbar section. This study confirms that back pain localization diagnosed in various groups of professionals depends on the type of work done and is closely related to adverse working conditions. Observing ergonomics principles and pathobiomechanics rules at work as well as following safety and hygiene procedures at the workplace play a significant role in the pathomechanism of spinal diseases and their subsequent treatment.","PeriodicalId":38569,"journal":{"name":"Polish Annals of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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