The contamination of soil and water by heavy metals and hydrophobic organic compounds poses a significant threat to the environment. Traditional physicochemical methods for remediation are often expensive and environmentally unfriendly, while bioremediation offers a more eco-compatible and economically feasible alternative. Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms, plants, or microbial/plant enzymes to detoxify contaminants in various environments. Biosurfactants, amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms, play a crucial role in enhancing bioremediation effectiveness. They increase substrate surface area, create microenvironments, and promote emulsification, thereby facilitating the removal of pollutants. This article provided a comprehensive overview of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms and their potential in the bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The types and classifications of biosurfactants as well as the factors influencing their production were discussed. Various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, were identified as biosurfactant producers. This study outlined the production process and highlighted the importance of optimizing growth conditions for high-quality biosurfactant production. The applications of biosurfactants in remediation were explored by emphasizing their ability to enhance biodegradation, remove heavy metals, and increase hydrocarbon bioavailability. Several studies demonstrating the efficacy of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms in bioremediation were presented. The potential limitations and challenges associated with biosurfactant application in situ were also discussed. In conclusion, the controlled use of biosurfactants could offer promising prospects for the efficient and sustainable cleanup of contaminated sites, contributing to environmental remediation efforts.
{"title":"Biosurfactant-producing Microorganisms: Potential for Bioremediation of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants","authors":"Mohammadhassan Tadayon Tajabadi, Asyeih Sabernejad, Mohsen Khalili Najafabadi","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v2i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v2i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of soil and water by heavy metals and hydrophobic organic compounds poses a significant threat to the environment. Traditional physicochemical methods for remediation are often expensive and environmentally unfriendly, while bioremediation offers a more eco-compatible and economically feasible alternative. Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms, plants, or microbial/plant enzymes to detoxify contaminants in various environments. Biosurfactants, amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms, play a crucial role in enhancing bioremediation effectiveness. They increase substrate surface area, create microenvironments, and promote emulsification, thereby facilitating the removal of pollutants. This article provided a comprehensive overview of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms and their potential in the bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants. The types and classifications of biosurfactants as well as the factors influencing their production were discussed. Various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, were identified as biosurfactant producers. This study outlined the production process and highlighted the importance of optimizing growth conditions for high-quality biosurfactant production. The applications of biosurfactants in remediation were explored by emphasizing their ability to enhance biodegradation, remove heavy metals, and increase hydrocarbon bioavailability. Several studies demonstrating the efficacy of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms in bioremediation were presented. The potential limitations and challenges associated with biosurfactant application in situ were also discussed. In conclusion, the controlled use of biosurfactants could offer promising prospects for the efficient and sustainable cleanup of contaminated sites, contributing to environmental remediation efforts.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128929286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the Coronavirus disease pandemic in 2020-2023, salmonella distribution has gained great concerted attention since COVID-19 treatment and salmonellosis was conditioned by antibiotics.The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of Salmonellosis (salmonellosis gastroenteritis infection) in Armenia during the COVID-19 pandemic, between 2020 and 2023, without age restrictions. The genus Salmonella was identified using biochemical tests and serological methods at Laboratories of Armenia. Near 100 stool samples ere cultured on SS agar and selenite aquatic agar. The study identified 57 infected cases with Salmonella species and the majority of infection was in Yerevan people (n = 37 patients). The oldest patient was 71 years old from the Stepanavan region. Common symptoms included high temperature, diarrhea, restraint, weakness, pus residue in stool, unformed stool, headache, and dizziness. Two children from the same family were infected with Salmonella during the study. The patients were treated with different antibiotics for 3-10 days, with rifampicin, cephalosporins (2nd and 3rd generation), and carbapenems being the most commonly administrated drugs. The antibiotic susceptibility index was determined using the EUCAST documents. After the antibiotic therapy, the patients' health was monitored for a month. Additionally, the study found the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes in newborn, 10-year-old, and 33-year-old patients.
{"title":"Investigation of salmonellosis during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023)","authors":"I. E. Badasyan, R.V. Nushikyan","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v2i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v2i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"With the Coronavirus disease pandemic in 2020-2023, salmonella distribution has gained great concerted attention since COVID-19 treatment and salmonellosis was conditioned by antibiotics.The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of Salmonellosis (salmonellosis gastroenteritis infection) in Armenia during the COVID-19 pandemic, between 2020 and 2023, without age restrictions. \u0000The genus Salmonella was identified using biochemical tests and serological methods at Laboratories of Armenia. Near 100 stool samples ere cultured on SS agar and selenite aquatic agar. The study identified 57 infected cases with Salmonella species and the majority of infection was in Yerevan people (n = 37 patients). The oldest patient was 71 years old from the Stepanavan region. Common symptoms included high temperature, diarrhea, restraint, weakness, pus residue in stool, unformed stool, headache, and dizziness. Two children from the same family were infected with Salmonella during the study. The patients were treated with different antibiotics for 3-10 days, with rifampicin, cephalosporins (2nd and 3rd generation), and carbapenems being the most commonly administrated drugs. The antibiotic susceptibility index was determined using the EUCAST documents. After the antibiotic therapy, the patients' health was monitored for a month. Additionally, the study found the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes in newborn, 10-year-old, and 33-year-old patients.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131540060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to overview recent advances in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Chemotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment, however, it can have adverse effects on the heart, leading to the development of risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Anthracycline compounds are the most commonly used chemotherapy agents and are associated with an increased risk of developing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). The precise mechanisms underlying AIC remain a subject of debate, but evidence suggests that the primary causes are the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress. Several risk factors have been linked to the development of AIC, including cumulative dose, pre-existing cardiac disease, age, gender, and cardiac risk factors. Genetic susceptibility may also play a role as a potential risk factor for AIC. In order to protect cardiac function, various strategies have been explored, such as developing less-toxic derivatives of anthracyclines, determining safer cumulative anthracycline doses, and identifying new cardioprotective agents. Prophylactic treatment with cardioprotective agents is the best approach for high-risk patients. This article reviewed the present strategies for protecting cancer patients from AIC based on effective cardioprotective drugs along with the balance between their benefits and potential adverse effects.
{"title":"Recent advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy–induced Cardiotoxicity","authors":"Hanieh Kazemnian, Hassan Mehrad‐Majd","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v2i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v2i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to overview recent advances in preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Chemotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment, however, it can have adverse effects on the heart, leading to the development of risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Anthracycline compounds are the most commonly used chemotherapy agents and are associated with an increased risk of developing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). The precise mechanisms underlying AIC remain a subject of debate, but evidence suggests that the primary causes are the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress. Several risk factors have been linked to the development of AIC, including cumulative dose, pre-existing cardiac disease, age, gender, and cardiac risk factors. Genetic susceptibility may also play a role as a potential risk factor for AIC. In order to protect cardiac function, various strategies have been explored, such as developing less-toxic derivatives of anthracyclines, determining safer cumulative anthracycline doses, and identifying new cardioprotective agents. Prophylactic treatment with cardioprotective agents is the best approach for high-risk patients. This article reviewed the present strategies for protecting cancer patients from AIC based on effective cardioprotective drugs along with the balance between their benefits and potential adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"81 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122593276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.58803/rbes.2023.2.1.02
Soheil Sadr, Pouria Ahmadi Simab, H. Borji
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and remains a major economic and social burden. Although our understanding of cancer at the molecular level continues to improve, more effort is needed to develop new therapeutic tools and approaches exploiting these advances. Due to its high efficiency and accuracy, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique has recently emerged as a cancer treatment strategy. Among its many applications, CRISPR-Cas9 has shown an unprecedented clinical potential to discover novel targets for cancer therapy and to dissect chemical-genetic interactions, providing insight into how tumors respond to drug treatment. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9 can be employed to rapidly engineer immune cells and oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. More importantly, the ability of CRISPR-Cas9 to accurately edit genes, not only in cell culture models and model organisms but also in humans, allows its use in therapeutic explorations this review, important considerations for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in therapeutic properties are discussed, along with major challenges that will need to be addressed before clinical examinations for a complex and polygenic disease such as cancer. This review aimed to explore the potential of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique as a cancer treatment strategy. Specifically, we will discuss how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to discover novel targets for cancer therapy and to dissect chemical-genetic interactions.
{"title":"CRISPR-Cas9 as a Potential Cancer Therapy Agent: An Updat","authors":"Soheil Sadr, Pouria Ahmadi Simab, H. Borji","doi":"10.58803/rbes.2023.2.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.2023.2.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and remains a major economic and social burden. Although our understanding of cancer at the molecular level continues to improve, more effort is needed to develop new therapeutic tools and approaches exploiting these advances. Due to its high efficiency and accuracy, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique has recently emerged as a cancer treatment strategy. Among its many applications, CRISPR-Cas9 has shown an unprecedented clinical potential to discover novel targets for cancer therapy and to dissect chemical-genetic interactions, providing insight into how tumors respond to drug treatment. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9 can be employed to rapidly engineer immune cells and oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. More importantly, the ability of CRISPR-Cas9 to accurately edit genes, not only in cell culture models and model organisms but also in humans, allows its use in therapeutic explorations this review, important considerations for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in therapeutic properties are discussed, along with major challenges that will need to be addressed before clinical examinations for a complex and polygenic disease such as cancer. This review aimed to explore the potential of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique as a cancer treatment strategy. Specifically, we will discuss how CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to discover novel targets for cancer therapy and to dissect chemical-genetic interactions.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134179181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.58803/rbes.2023.2.1.01
A. Qasemi, M. Lagzian, F. Rahimi, Foad Khosravani Majd, Z. Bayat
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and can cause significant morbidity, particularly in women. Recurrent UTIs are a significant clinical problem, and current prophylactic measures, such as antibiotics, are associated with side effects and the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host, have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional treatments for recurrent UTIs. Probiotics can act by modulating the host's immune system, competitively excluding uropathogens, and producing antibacterial substances, such as bacteriocins. Clinical evidence supports the use of probiotics as a safe and effective intervention for the prevention and treatment of recurrent UTIs. However, selecting appropriate probiotic strains for UTIs can be challenging, and the safety and efficacy of probiotics depend on the strain, dosage, and timing of administration. The safety profile of probiotics is generally excellent, and side effects are usually mild and self-limiting. However, certain populations, such as immunocompromised and critically ill patients, may be at increased risk of adverse events, and caution should be exercised when considering probiotic use in these populations. Strategies for ensuring probiotic safety and efficacy include adherence to good manufacturing practices, rigorous testing for the presence of contaminants, and standardization of dosing and administration protocols. Despite the potential of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of recurrent UTIs, several challenges and limitations remain. These include limited access to high-quality probiotic products, challenges in selecting appropriate strains, and lack of consensus regarding optimal dosing and duration of probiotic use. Future research should focus on identifying optimal probiotic strains and regimens for the prevention and treatment of UTIs, understanding the role of gut microbiota in urogenital health, and developing new probiotic technologies and delivery methods.
{"title":"The Power of Probiotics to Combat Urinary Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"A. Qasemi, M. Lagzian, F. Rahimi, Foad Khosravani Majd, Z. Bayat","doi":"10.58803/rbes.2023.2.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.2023.2.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and can cause significant morbidity, particularly in women. Recurrent UTIs are a significant clinical problem, and current prophylactic measures, such as antibiotics, are associated with side effects and the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host, have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional treatments for recurrent UTIs. Probiotics can act by modulating the host's immune system, competitively excluding uropathogens, and producing antibacterial substances, such as bacteriocins. Clinical evidence supports the use of probiotics as a safe and effective intervention for the prevention and treatment of recurrent UTIs. However, selecting appropriate probiotic strains for UTIs can be challenging, and the safety and efficacy of probiotics depend on the strain, dosage, and timing of administration. The safety profile of probiotics is generally excellent, and side effects are usually mild and self-limiting. However, certain populations, such as immunocompromised and critically ill patients, may be at increased risk of adverse events, and caution should be exercised when considering probiotic use in these populations. Strategies for ensuring probiotic safety and efficacy include adherence to good manufacturing practices, rigorous testing for the presence of contaminants, and standardization of dosing and administration protocols. Despite the potential of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of recurrent UTIs, several challenges and limitations remain. These include limited access to high-quality probiotic products, challenges in selecting appropriate strains, and lack of consensus regarding optimal dosing and duration of probiotic use. Future research should focus on identifying optimal probiotic strains and regimens for the prevention and treatment of UTIs, understanding the role of gut microbiota in urogenital health, and developing new probiotic technologies and delivery methods.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128922815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), one of the five most important bacteria with global threat to human health due to constantly increasing resistance (ESKAPE organisms), identified as a enormous threat in healthcare facilities, can create antibiotic resistance. The implementation of early detection and identification of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is serious to control its spread. The this study presents the human infection of A. baumannii, pathological findings, virulence factors of A. baumannii, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and the therapeutic options available for treating A. baumannii infections. The ability of A. baumannii to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms allows the organism to prosper in hospital settings, facilitating the global spread of multidrug-resistant strains. To dominate this problem, knowledge of the pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii is important. As reported, A. baumannii resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems increased, and resistance to lipopeptides, such as polymyxin B and colistin, are lower compared to that of other antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, novel prevention and treatment strategies against A. baumannii infections are warranted.
{"title":"Bacterial Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Global Concern","authors":"A. Qasemi, Z. Bayat, Nazanin Akbari, D. Babazadeh","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v1i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v1i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), one of the five most important bacteria with global threat to human health due to constantly increasing resistance (ESKAPE organisms), identified as a enormous threat in healthcare facilities, can create antibiotic resistance. The implementation of early detection and identification of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is serious to control its spread. The this study presents the human infection of A. baumannii, pathological findings, virulence factors of A. baumannii, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and the therapeutic options available for treating A. baumannii infections. The ability of A. baumannii to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms allows the organism to prosper in hospital settings, facilitating the global spread of multidrug-resistant strains. To dominate this problem, knowledge of the pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii is important. As reported, A. baumannii resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems increased, and resistance to lipopeptides, such as polymyxin B and colistin, are lower compared to that of other antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, novel prevention and treatment strategies against A. baumannii infections are warranted.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115846641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear editor, The COVID-19 pandemic caused a lot of changes in society and the economy as well as individual, physical, and mental health. COVID-19 might cause acute respiratory syndrome, coagulopathy, vascular failure, and organ damage1-3. In the study by Huang L et al., 2469 patients who recovered from severe COVID-19 were followed up for two years, the longest follow-up until now. They demonstrated that COVID-19 survivors had remarkably lower health status than the general population after two years and suggested urgent exploration into the pathogenesis of the disease4. Otherwise, there were some important issues with this study. First, it was not an international study that included different geographic regions, ethnicities, races, and countries. Another important point was that 80 percent of patients experienced mild or no symptoms of this disease which were excluded from this study. However, COVID -19 affected their health conditions as well as severe patients. It is clear that exposure to the virus in the recent pandemic is unavoidable and no one can be sure about the previous infection of the studied cases.Furthermore, many people were reluctant to take a PCR test despite mild symptoms and also, the PCR test has a high false-negative rate, which is affected by the sampling method and the time of interval5, 6. It is suggested researchers investigate the COVID-19 effects on the general population. Most COVID-19 patients reported breathlessness and reduced fitness, which might be related to pulmonary damage and altered oxygen uptake into the red blood cells (RBC), leading to hypoxemia. Some studies demonstrated that COVID-19 altered RBC morphology and revealed a higher percentage of elongated RBC(7). The RBC deformability was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients7. Nader et al. showed that RBC aggregation increased in COVID-19 patients and correlated positively with the hospitalization length8. In a recent study, it was found that oxidation and fragmentation of ankyrin, spectrin beta, and the N-terminal cytosolic domain of band 3 (AE1) may cause RBCs disability in COVID- 19 patients, who could respond to environmental changes in hemoglobin oxygen saturation/oxidant stress. Nonetheless, there were no alterations in hematological parameters, such as RBC count, hematocrit, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration9. Based on these reports, the count of normal RBC is admissible, but maybe the function of RBCs in oxygen transfer have changes. The above-mentioned studies indicated the temporary effects of COVID-19 on RBCS, but COVID-19 may cause some long-term effects on RBCs10. There is enough evidence indicating that the numbers of RBC and hematocrit (HCT) increase significantly in response to hypoxic environments, similar to changes that occur by living in high-altitude places11. With the large-scale outbreak of the COVID epidemic worldwide, the number of people using protective masks has increased rapidly. Using masks can cau
{"title":"Possibility of Red Blood Cell Changes after COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Maral Barzegar-Amini, R. Aboutorabi, R. Basiri","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v1i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v1i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Dear editor, \u0000 \u0000The COVID-19 pandemic caused a lot of changes in society and the economy as well as individual, physical, and mental health. COVID-19 might cause acute respiratory syndrome, coagulopathy, vascular failure, and organ damage1-3. In the study by Huang L et al., 2469 patients who recovered from severe COVID-19 were followed up for two years, the longest follow-up until now. They demonstrated that COVID-19 survivors had remarkably lower health status than the general population after two years and suggested urgent exploration into the pathogenesis of the disease4. Otherwise, there were some important issues with this study. First, it was not an international study that included different geographic regions, ethnicities, races, and countries. Another important point was that 80 percent of patients experienced mild or no symptoms of this disease which were excluded from this study. However, COVID -19 affected their health conditions as well as severe patients. It is clear that exposure to the virus in the recent pandemic is unavoidable and no one can be sure about the previous infection of the studied cases.Furthermore, many people were reluctant to take a PCR test despite mild symptoms and also, the PCR test has a high false-negative rate, which is affected by the sampling method and the time of interval5, 6. It is suggested researchers investigate the COVID-19 effects on the general population. \u0000Most COVID-19 patients reported breathlessness and reduced fitness, which might be related to pulmonary damage and altered oxygen uptake into the red blood cells (RBC), leading to hypoxemia. \u0000Some studies demonstrated that COVID-19 altered RBC morphology and revealed a higher percentage of elongated RBC(7). The RBC deformability was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients7. Nader et al. showed that RBC aggregation increased in COVID-19 patients and correlated positively with the hospitalization length8. In a recent study, it was found that oxidation and fragmentation of ankyrin, spectrin beta, and the N-terminal cytosolic domain of band 3 (AE1) may cause RBCs disability in COVID- 19 patients, who could respond to environmental changes in hemoglobin oxygen saturation/oxidant stress. Nonetheless, there were no alterations in hematological parameters, such as RBC count, hematocrit, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration9. Based on these reports, the count of normal RBC is admissible, but maybe the function of RBCs in oxygen transfer have changes. \u0000The above-mentioned studies indicated the temporary effects of COVID-19 on RBCS, but COVID-19 may cause some long-term effects on RBCs10. There is enough evidence indicating that the numbers of RBC and hematocrit (HCT) increase significantly in response to hypoxic environments, similar to changes that occur by living in high-altitude places11. With the large-scale outbreak of the COVID epidemic worldwide, the number of people using protective masks has increased rapidly. Using masks can cau","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116061031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Alwan, A. Resen, Abdolhadi Bashar, Aqeel Abdulabbas, M. Hassanshahian
The oceans, as a large area of the planet, are of great importance to the biological status of organisms. They are contaminated with different compounds that are dangerous to health conditions. Biodegradation is one way to reduce pollution. Therefore the current review aimed to this bibliometric analysis. Data were collected from published articles in Scopus and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases between 1985 and April 2021, and then Scopus documents were examined using VOS viewer and Bibliometrix-package due to their larger number. Analysis was performed for the number of publications per year, document types, sources, keywords, authors, organizations, and countries. The results showed a growing trend in publishing documents from 2010 to 2022. The two keywords biodegradation and bioremediation grew more.
海洋作为地球上的一大片区域，对生物体的生物状况具有重要意义。它们被不同的化合物污染，对健康状况有害。生物降解是减少污染的一种方法。因此，本综述旨在进行文献计量分析。数据收集自1985年至2021年4月Scopus和Clarivate Analytics Web of Science数据库中发表的文章，由于Scopus文献数量较多，使用VOS viewer和Bibliometrix-package进行分析。对每年的出版物数量、文档类型、来源、关键词、作者、组织和国家进行了分析。结果显示，从2010年到2022年，文件发表呈增长趋势。“生物降解”和“生物修复”这两个关键词增长较快。
{"title":"Biodegradation of Marine Pollutants by Microorganisms: A Bibliometric Analysis","authors":"H. Alwan, A. Resen, Abdolhadi Bashar, Aqeel Abdulabbas, M. Hassanshahian","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v1i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v1i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The oceans, as a large area of the planet, are of great importance to the biological status of organisms. They are contaminated with different compounds that are dangerous to health conditions. Biodegradation is one way to reduce pollution. Therefore the current review aimed to this bibliometric analysis. Data were collected from published articles in Scopus and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases between 1985 and April 2021, and then Scopus documents were examined using VOS viewer and Bibliometrix-package due to their larger number. Analysis was performed for the number of publications per year, document types, sources, keywords, authors, organizations, and countries. The results showed a growing trend in publishing documents from 2010 to 2022. The two keywords biodegradation and bioremediation grew more.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131891992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Beihaghi, Houman Tehrani, Nazanin Akbari, Mohamad Reza Beihaghi, R. Sahebi
Introduction: This research was conducted to investigate the molecular interaction of HIV protease inhibitor drugs using molecular docking. HIV protease is responsible for processing gag and gag-polyproteins during virion maturation. The activity of this enzyme is essential against viral infections and has beneficial therapeutic effects on HIV treatment. Materials and Methods: To meet the aim of the study, indinavir and ritonavir were selected as HIV Protease inhibitor drugs. The necessary information on molecular docking was collected through information servers, such as Drug bank and Program database (PDB). Then, molecular docking was performed using Molegro virtual docker software. In order to check the stability of the resulting complex structure and its cellular penetration, a molecular dynamics simulation was run for 50 nanoseconds using GROMACS2019.6 package and Amber99SB force force field. During the molecular dynamics simulation, root mean square deviations (RMSD), root mean square fluctuations (RMSF), the radius of gyration (RG), hydrogen bonds, and distance between ligands and complex were investigated. Results: The obtained results indicated that the RMSD of the complex of the ligands and HIV protease at the end of 50 nanoseconds had a linear slope. Hydrogen bonds decreased at beginning of simulation but they increase at the end of simulation However RG was decreased at the end of the simulation Also the RMSF was decreased at the end of simulation rather than beginning of simulation, So all the obtained results showing the stability and strength of the structure. Conclusion: Molecular docking method can indicate the relationship between structure-activity and the effectiveness of ligands on HIV protease based on the level of interaction between the ligands and the receptors.
{"title":"In Silico Analyzes for the Inhibition of HIV Protease by Ritonavir and Indinavir","authors":"M. Beihaghi, Houman Tehrani, Nazanin Akbari, Mohamad Reza Beihaghi, R. Sahebi","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v1i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v1i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This research was conducted to investigate the molecular interaction of HIV protease inhibitor drugs using molecular docking. HIV protease is responsible for processing gag and gag-polyproteins during virion maturation. The activity of this enzyme is essential against viral infections and has beneficial therapeutic effects on HIV treatment. \u0000Materials and Methods: To meet the aim of the study, indinavir and ritonavir were selected as HIV Protease inhibitor drugs. The necessary information on molecular docking was collected through information servers, such as Drug bank and Program database (PDB). Then, molecular docking was performed using Molegro virtual docker software. In order to check the stability of the resulting complex structure and its cellular penetration, a molecular dynamics simulation was run for 50 nanoseconds using GROMACS2019.6 package and Amber99SB force force field. During the molecular dynamics simulation, root mean square deviations (RMSD), root mean square fluctuations (RMSF), the radius of gyration (RG), hydrogen bonds, and distance between ligands and complex were investigated. \u0000Results: The obtained results indicated that the RMSD of the complex of the ligands and HIV protease at the end of 50 nanoseconds had a linear slope. Hydrogen bonds decreased at beginning of simulation but they increase at the end of simulation However RG was decreased at the end of the simulation Also the RMSF was decreased at the end of simulation rather than beginning of simulation, So all the obtained results showing the stability and strength of the structure. \u0000Conclusion: Molecular docking method can indicate the relationship between structure-activity and the effectiveness of ligands on HIV protease based on the level of interaction between the ligands and the receptors.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115961646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Bayat, Nazanin Akbari, M. Hassanshahian, S. Cappello, Ali Salehinasab
Introduction: Biosurfactants or surface-active compounds with amphiphilic molecular structures, including a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic domain, are produced by microorganisms. These compounds increase the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the environment due to their ability to emulsify hydrocarbon-water mixtures. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize biosurfactant-producing bacteria from the samples of Gastropods. Materials and Methods: The gastropod samples were collected from oil-contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf, Middle East. Biosurfactant-producing strains were isolated from these samples. The biosurfactant production ability was analyzed using Drop Collapse TEST, oil spreading test, emulsification activity test, and BATH test. Results: In total, 11 biosurfactant-producing strains were isolated. Two isolates with higher growth rates and biosurfactant production ability were selected for further studies. The best isolates were identified as Halomonas sp. isolate BHA16 and Vibrio alginolyticus isolate BHA 17 based on molecular analysis. Gas chromatography analysis of remaining crude oil confirmed that these strains could degrade to 51.44 % and 67.58% of crude oil, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the surfactant activity of the bacterial strains isolated from Gastro pods had a good potential for the biodegradation of crude oil and could be used for the cleanup of oil-contaminated marine environments.
{"title":"Screening of Biosurfactant-producing Bacteria from Symbiotic Microbes with Gastropods in the Persian Gulf","authors":"Z. Bayat, Nazanin Akbari, M. Hassanshahian, S. Cappello, Ali Salehinasab","doi":"10.58803/rbes.v1i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v1i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Biosurfactants or surface-active compounds with amphiphilic molecular structures, including a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic domain, are produced by microorganisms. These compounds increase the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the environment due to their ability to emulsify hydrocarbon-water mixtures. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize biosurfactant-producing bacteria from the samples of Gastropods. \u0000Materials and Methods: The gastropod samples were collected from oil-contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf, Middle East. Biosurfactant-producing strains were isolated from these samples. The biosurfactant production ability was analyzed using Drop Collapse TEST, oil spreading test, emulsification activity test, and BATH test. \u0000Results: In total, 11 biosurfactant-producing strains were isolated. Two isolates with higher growth rates and biosurfactant production ability were selected for further studies. The best isolates were identified as Halomonas sp. isolate BHA16 and Vibrio alginolyticus isolate BHA 17 based on molecular analysis. Gas chromatography analysis of remaining crude oil confirmed that these strains could degrade to 51.44 % and 67.58% of crude oil, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the surfactant activity of the bacterial strains isolated from Gastro pods had a good potential for the biodegradation of crude oil and could be used for the cleanup of oil-contaminated marine environments.","PeriodicalId":385847,"journal":{"name":"Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124725659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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