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A Systematic Review on the Green Sukuk after Paris-Agreement 《巴黎协定》后绿色伊斯兰债券的系统评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.5296/ieb.v9i1.21110
Soud Almutairi
This paper aims to identify, critically evaluate, and synthesize extant literature on Islamic green bonds. This study also identifies gaps and limitations in green Sukuk literature to highlight areas for further development of knowledge in this field of study. The study utilized a scoping review to identify all relevant literature from the EBSCO Host, Emerald, and Google Scholar databases. Our findings suggest that the concept of green sukuk is still emergent, and there are several gaps regarding the technical definitions and green taxonomy that need to be addressed. In addition, we discovered that there is a significant demand for sustainable investments, and the potential for liquid Islamic economies to supply this demand makes green sukuk an attractive investment option. Furthermore, the limitations of conventional green bonds in attracting Islamic investment further support the development of green sukuk. However, we also identified factors that hinder the development of green sukuk. The emergent nature of the concept and the lack of consistent green taxonomy for sukuk create a lack of understanding and hinder the development of effective legal frameworks. To overcome these challenges, we recommend that academics and Islamic scholars work towards developing a clear green taxonomy for sukuk. Such a taxonomy would help regulators develop a stronger legal framework for green sukuk and facilitate the growth of the market.
本文旨在识别,批判性地评估和综合伊斯兰绿色债券的现有文献。本研究还确定了绿色伊斯兰文献的差距和局限性,以突出该研究领域知识的进一步发展。该研究利用范围审查来确定EBSCO主机、Emerald和Google Scholar数据库中的所有相关文献。我们的研究结果表明,绿色伊斯兰债券的概念仍然是新兴的,在技术定义和绿色分类方面存在一些空白需要解决。此外,我们发现对可持续投资的需求很大,而流动的伊斯兰经济体提供这种需求的潜力使绿色伊斯兰债券成为一种有吸引力的投资选择。此外,传统绿色债券在吸引伊斯兰投资方面的局限性进一步支持了绿色伊斯兰债券的发展。然而,我们也发现了阻碍绿色伊斯兰债券发展的因素。这一概念的新兴性质以及对伊斯兰债券缺乏一致的绿色分类造成了缺乏理解,阻碍了有效法律框架的发展。为了克服这些挑战,我们建议学术界和伊斯兰学者努力为伊斯兰债券制定一个明确的绿色分类。这样的分类将有助于监管机构为绿色伊斯兰债券制定更强有力的法律框架,并促进市场的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Examining The Influence of Trade Openness on the Economic Growth of Ghana 贸易开放对加纳经济增长的影响研究
Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.5296/ieb.v8i1.19557
Gerald Nsorlemna Aperegdina
Despite the prominence of trade liberalization or openness as an economic topic over last decades, the debate among economists and experts on the relationship between trade openness and economic growth is still open. This study purposed to examine, as the main objective, the impact of trade openness on economic growth in Ghana from 1990 to 2019. The study sought to investigate the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Ghana. The study incorporated trade openness, investment, inflation, industrial value and labour force as the additional variables. In view of this, the Granger causality test was applied to ascertain the flow of information between time series which helped to make authentic forecasts of the data and model. To test for stationarity of the data, the augments Dickey-Fuller (ADF) (Dickey and Fuller, 1981) was applied. The findings of the evaluation suggest that trade openness has a negative impact on the Ghanaian economy and the degree of influence on Economic Growth is at a 1% level of significance and not statistically strong. This result is consistent with other studies including (Pickson et al, 2018; Kwegyir-Aggrey, 2019). Also, the study was aimed towards advocating some substantial policies for Ghana’s policymakers to help develop trade and economic growth.
尽管在过去的几十年里,贸易自由化或开放作为一个经济话题得到了突出的地位,但经济学家和专家之间关于贸易开放与经济增长之间关系的争论仍然存在。本研究旨在考察1990年至2019年加纳贸易开放对经济增长的影响,作为主要目标。这项研究试图调查加纳贸易开放和经济增长之间的关系。该研究将贸易开放程度、投资、通货膨胀、工业价值和劳动力作为附加变量。鉴于此,采用格兰杰因果检验来确定时间序列之间的信息流动,有助于对数据和模型做出真实的预测。为了检验数据的平稳性,采用了Dickey-Fuller (ADF) (Dickey and Fuller, 1981)的增广。评估结果表明,贸易开放对加纳经济有负面影响,对经济增长的影响程度在1%的显著水平上,统计上不强。这一结果与其他研究一致,包括(Pickson et al ., 2018;Kwegyir-Aggrey, 2019)。此外,这项研究的目的是为加纳的政策制定者倡导一些实质性的政策,以帮助发展贸易和经济增长。
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引用次数: 1
On Accumulation of the Budget Deficit: Spirit of MMT Through Mathematical Analysis 论预算赤字的积累:MMT的数学分析精神
Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.5296/ieb.v8i1.19762
Yasuhito Tanaka
It is said that public finance must be balanced at least in the long run. According to the so-called MMT  (Modern Money Theory or Modern Monetary Theory) approach, however, this is not true. It is often pointed out that MMT lacks the mathematical analysis used in ordinary economic discussions. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief theoretical and mathematical basis to the backbone of the MMT argument, while maintaining the basics of the neoclassical microeconomic framework, such as maximizing consumer utility through utility functions and budget constraints, and equilibrium between demand and supply of goods under perfect competition with constant returns to scale technology. Using a simple overlapping generations (OLG) model that includes economic growth due to technological progress, we present the following results. The budget deficit equals the increase in people's savings, and the accumulated budget deficit equals people's savings. The budget deficit is a cause and the savings is a consequence, not the other way around. Deficits are created by the government, which determines income, which determines savings. Deficits create savings, not savings finance deficits. Reducing the budget deficit will reduce savings, income, and consumption.
据说至少从长远来看,公共财政必须保持平衡。然而,根据所谓的MMT(现代货币理论或现代货币理论)方法,事实并非如此。人们经常指出,MMT缺乏在普通经济讨论中使用的数学分析。本文的目的是在保持新古典微观经济框架基础的同时,为MMT论点的支柱提供一个简短的理论和数学基础,例如通过效用函数和预算约束最大化消费者效用,以及在规模技术恒定回报的完全竞争下商品供需平衡。使用一个简单的重叠代(OLG)模型,其中包括由于技术进步导致的经济增长,我们提出了以下结果。预算赤字等于人民储蓄的增加,而累计预算赤字等于人民储蓄的增加。预算赤字是原因,储蓄是结果,而不是相反。赤字是由政府创造的,政府决定了收入,又决定了储蓄。赤字创造储蓄,而不是储蓄为赤字融资。减少预算赤字将减少储蓄、收入和消费。
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引用次数: 0
From the Ancient Eudaimonia to Modern Indices: A Critical View 从古代的快乐到现代的指数:一个批判的观点
Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.5296/ieb.v8i1.19650
M. Diakomihalis
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is an index that has been used by all free economy countries for almost a century. However, it has been criticized by many researchers and politicians for its misleading messages about the real wealth of people, its inability to evaluate the effect of environmentally harmful activities, the well-being of societies, the exclusion of non-market activities which exist in all economies, and the non-transactional services provided by the natural environment. This study aims to analyze and evaluate GDP and ten more alternative indicators as to their Simplicity, Comprehensibility, Completeness and Reliability, using a questionnaire addressed to experts, i.e., university professors. SWB (Subjective Well-Being) has been assessed as the preferred index for an overall evaluation, while the FSI (Failed States Index) ranks in the last position. GDP received its highest ranking as second in Reliability, with Gross National Income (GNI) ranking first. SWB refers to and evokes the direct democracy of 5th century Athens with its Simplicity, Comprehensibility, and Completeness, but not for its Reliability, due to the difficulty of its measurement. A combination of SWB with GNI might produce a reliable GDP alternative.
GDP(国内生产总值)是所有自由经济国家使用了近一个世纪的指标。然而,它被许多研究人员和政治家批评,因为它误导了人们的真实财富,它无法评估对环境有害活动的影响,社会福祉,排除所有经济中存在的非市场活动,以及自然环境提供的非交易性服务。本研究的目的是分析和评估GDP和其他十个指标的简单性,可理解性,完整性和可靠性,使用问卷调查专家,即大学教授。主观幸福感(SWB)被评估为整体评估的首选指数,而失败国家指数(FSI)排名最后。在可靠性方面,国内生产总值(GDP)排名第二,国民总收入(GNI)排名第一。SWB指的是并唤起了5世纪雅典的直接民主,它具有简单性、可理解性和完整性,但由于其难以测量,因此不具有可靠性。将SWB与GNI结合起来可能会产生一个可靠的GDP替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Macroeconomic Variables in Sovereign Risk 宏观经济变量在主权风险中的作用
Pub Date : 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.5296/ieb.v6i1.16221
George Zairis, Antonios G. Zairis
The sovereign debt market has gathered a lot of attention post the global financial recession therefore it is very important to study how the countries of the eurozone countries can be shielded from all internal and external risks. This can be achieved by examining the macroeconomic determinants of the sovereign risk. Based on the results of the panel regression, it becomes evident which financial indicators are contributing to the sovereign risk. In terms of the stochastic properties, when homogeneity is assumed among the cross-sectional units, all the variables appeared to be level stationary except for the total government bond yield. However, when heterogeneity is assumed among the countries, variables such total government bond yield, GDS as a percentage of GDP, total credit to private sector, employment as a ratio to total GDP, and bank credit are level none stationary. Consequently, these findings will help identify the variables that can be used to approximate the movement of the government bond yield.
在全球金融衰退后,主权债务市场受到了广泛关注,因此研究欧元区国家如何屏蔽各种内部和外部风险是非常重要的。这可以通过研究主权风险的宏观经济决定因素来实现。根据面板回归的结果,可以看出哪些财务指标对主权风险有贡献。在随机性质方面,当假设横截面单位之间的均匀性时,除了政府债券总收益率外,所有变量都表现为水平平稳。然而,当假设各国之间存在异质性时,政府债券总收益率、GDP占GDP的百分比、私营部门信贷总额、就业占GDP的比例以及银行信贷等变量都是非平稳的。因此,这些发现将有助于确定可用于近似政府债券收益率变动的变量。
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引用次数: 0
Corrupt Environment, Marketization Level and Growth of Five-star Hotel Industry 腐败环境、市场化水平与五星级酒店业的成长
Pub Date : 2019-11-23 DOI: 10.5296/ieb.v5i2.15890
Tingting Zhou, Jing Yu, Ju-wei Shi
Under the situation of frequent corruption behaviors of government officials and strict requests on cracking down on corruption, using the panel data of provincial five-star hotels, this paper investigates the existence and continuity of development model of “Corruption Economy” in five-star hotel industry, and detects the way for sustainable development of five-star hotel industry on the background of anti-corruption from the perspective of marketization. The results show that degree of state corruption represented by Control of Corruption has a positive effect on the growth of five-star hotel industry. Anti-corruption policies in litigation system, the efforts of implementing these policies to combat corruption, and public’s perceived corruption and anti-corruption all verify a negative impact on five-star hotel industry. Practice shows that anti-corruption breaks the false prosperity of “corruption economy” model. Only with a perfect market system as well as fair market competition order, the five-star hotel industry can realize a sustainable growth.
在政府官员腐败行为频发、反腐要求严格的情况下,本文利用省级五星级酒店的面板数据,考察了五星级酒店业“腐败经济”发展模式的存在性和延续性,并从市场化的角度探索反腐背景下五星级酒店业的可持续发展之路。研究结果表明,以“腐败控制”为代表的国家腐败程度对五星级酒店行业的增长具有正向影响。诉讼制度中的反腐败政策、执行这些政策的力度以及公众对腐败和反腐败的感知都验证了对五星级酒店行业的负面影响。实践表明,反腐败打破了“腐败经济”模式的虚假繁荣。只有完善的市场体系和公平的市场竞争秩序,才能实现五星级酒店业的可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
Interest Rate Pass-Through in Three EU Candidate Countries: The Case of Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia 三个欧盟候选国的利率传递:阿尔巴尼亚、北马其顿和塞尔维亚的案例
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.5296/ieb.v5i2.15362
Igor Veličkovski, Daniela Mamuchevska
The objective of the paper is to assess the interest rate pass-through in three EU candidate countries that is Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia. We rely on an error-correction model using monthly data over the period 2005-2019. Results suggest a complete interest rate pass-through in Albania, albeit it has been weakened during the economic and financial crisis. The relatively fast speed of adjustment indicates an effective interest rate transmission channel. In the Macedonian case, the changes of the monetary policy rate are transmitted completely to the bank lending rate, but not to the bank borrowing rate. The transmission via the money market rate has improved after the global economic and financial turmoil. In the case of Serbia, the results also suggest complete interest rate pass-through indicating that the monetary policy rate changes are transmitted into retail rates offered by the banks to savers and borrowers in the long run. Nevertheless, the speed of adjustment is relatively slow. In general, the estimated speed and extent of the response of money market interest rate and bank retail interest rates to changes in the monetary policy rate gives an indication of effective interest rate transmission channel in the case of Albania and Serbia. On the other hand, it is moderately effective in the case of North Macedonia given that the central bank rate changes affect mainly bank lending rate but not borrowing rate.
本文的目的是评估三个欧盟候选国的利率传递,即阿尔巴尼亚,北马其顿和塞尔维亚。我们依靠的是一个误差修正模型,该模型使用了2005年至2019年期间的月度数据。结果表明,阿尔巴尼亚的利率完全传递,尽管在经济和金融危机期间有所削弱。相对较快的调整速度表明利率传导渠道有效。在马其顿的情况下,货币政策利率的变化完全传递给银行贷款利率,而不是银行借款利率。在全球经济和金融动荡之后,通过货币市场利率的传导有所改善。在塞尔维亚的情况下,结果还表明完全的利率传递,表明货币政策利率的变化在长期内被传递到银行向储户和借款人提供的零售利率上。然而,调整的速度相对较慢。总的来说,货币市场利率和银行零售利率对货币政策利率变化的反应速度和程度的估计表明,在阿尔巴尼亚和塞尔维亚的情况下,有效的利率传导渠道。另一方面,考虑到央行利率变化主要影响银行贷款利率而不是借款利率,它在北马其顿的情况下是适度有效的。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Effective Accounting System on Import-Export Trade in Ethiopia: The Case of Anbessa Shoe Share Company 有效会计制度在埃塞俄比亚进出口贸易中的作用——以Anbessa鞋业股份公司为例
Pub Date : 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.5296/IEB.V5I2.15142
Fekadu Agmas Wassie
The main purpose of this study is to examine the role of effective accounting system on import-export trade in Anbessa Shoe Share Company. This study is focused on Ethiopian import-export companies specifically, Anbessa Shoe Share Company and there are 208 target populations considered in the study who are accountants and some higher management personnel’s employing in Company. Randomly selected 51 accountants and some higher management personnel of the company are the source of the necessary data to the researcher through the administered questionnaires and interviews. Besides, the objective of this study is to assess the role of proper and effective accounting system employment on import-export trade in Anbessa Shoe Share Company. According to the study findings, an effective accounting system have an important role on import-export trades of the company. In addition, based on the non-parametric test made using Chi-Square distribution the accountant’s competency measured in terms of their profession, educational level and work experience was statistically not significance. The company should understand that the contributions of effective accounting system on its import-export trade is very vital for those activities performed in its trade and for the overall performances.
本研究的主要目的是检验有效的会计制度对安贝萨鞋业股份公司进出口贸易的作用。本研究的重点是埃塞俄比亚的进出口公司,Anbessa鞋业公司,在研究中考虑了208个目标人群,他们是会计和一些高级管理人员在公司雇用。随机抽取51名会计人员和部分公司高层管理人员,通过问卷调查和访谈,为研究者提供了必要的数据来源。此外,本研究的目的是评估适当和有效的会计制度的使用对Anbessa鞋业股份公司进出口贸易的作用。研究发现,有效的会计制度对公司的进出口贸易具有重要作用。此外,根据采用卡方分布的非参数检验,会计人员在专业、教育程度和工作经验方面的胜任力测量不具有统计学意义。公司应该明白,有效的会计制度对其进出口贸易的贡献对其贸易活动和整体业绩至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of High-Performance Work System on Employee Service Performance and OCB: The Mediating Role of PsyCap 高绩效工作系统对员工服务绩效和组织公民行为的影响:心理cap的中介作用
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.5296/IEB.V5I2.15009
Kashif Nadeem, Amir Riaz, Y. Iftikhar, Muhammad Bilal Ahmad, Waqas Shamshad
High-performance work system (HPWS) has been viewed as black-box over the last decade and there is a need for better understanding of the mechanism through which employee performance can be enhanced significantly. Based on the 371 samples collected from banking, insurance, airline, telecommunication, and hospitality, this study provides empirical evidence that HPWS positively influence the service performance of employees and PsyCap mediates the relationship of high-performance work system and employee service performance, OCB among service sector employees of Pakistan. The implications of this study conclude the findings in detail.
在过去的十年中,高性能工作系统(HPWS)一直被视为黑箱,有必要更好地了解员工绩效显著提高的机制。本研究基于巴基斯坦银行业、保险业、航空公司、电信业和酒店业371个样本,实证证明HPWS对员工服务绩效有正向影响,PsyCap在巴基斯坦服务业员工的绩效工作制度与员工服务绩效、公民行为之间的关系中起中介作用。本研究的意义是对研究结果的详细总结。
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引用次数: 7
Dividend Policy and Share Price volatility: Evidence From Pakistan Stock Exchange of Listed Commercial Banks 股利政策与股价波动:来自巴基斯坦证券交易所上市商业银行的证据
Pub Date : 2019-05-11 DOI: 10.5296/IEB.V5I1.14769
Laeeq Ahmad, Y. Iftikhar, Sarmad Ejaz, Waqas Baig, Kashif Nadeem, Rabia Shahid
This study examines the all possible dividend policy effect on commercial banks stock price listed at Pakistan stock exchange. The study covers 17 listed commercial banks for the time period 2014 to 2017. To analyze secondary data multiple regression analysis was applied using Stata with the model (MP) Market Price Per Share as the dependent variable and (EPS) Earning Per Share, (ROE) Return on Equity, (RR) Retention Ratio and (DY) Dividend Yield are independent variables. Descriptive statistics were applied to data to check mean, median, maximum and minimum value. The finding of the study shows that EPS shows a highly significant positive impact on the share MP and the other three independent variable return on equity, dividend yields, and retention ratio also show a significant but negative impact on the share MP. These results support the finding of previous studies done by another researcher in the past.
本文研究了股利政策对巴基斯坦证券交易所上市商业银行股价的影响。该研究涵盖了2014年至2017年期间的17家上市商业银行。二级数据分析采用Stata多元回归分析,以每股市场价格模型(MP)为因变量,每股收益(EPS)、净资产收益率(ROE)、留任率(RR)和股息收益率(DY)为自变量。采用描述性统计方法对数据进行均值、中位数、最大值和最小值的检验。研究发现,每股收益对股票每股收益有极显著的正向影响,其他三个自变量净资产收益率、股息收益率和留存率对股票每股收益也有显著的负向影响。这些结果支持了另一位研究人员过去所做的研究结果。
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引用次数: 1
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Issues in Economics and Business
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