Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083618
Xiaobai Shen, I. Graham, J. Stewart, Robin Williams
While users in the rest of the World have been offered 3G mobile phones based on either the CDMA2000 or W-CDMA standards, users in China have the additional option of using phones based on the TD-SCDMA standard. As a technology largely developed by Chinese actors and only implemented in China, TD-SCDMA has been seen as a techno-nationalist project orchestrated by the Chinese government, unequivocally supported by Chinese firms. In China, the media has also started trumpeting the success of this “indigenous innovation”. This paper adopts a science and technology studies (STS) framework, opening up the technological “black-box”, to explore how global and national institutional and social elements have been embedded in and impact on the artefacts of TD-SCDMA technology. It is concluded that rather than see TD-SCDMA as an indigenous Chinese technology, its history exemplifies how standards and the intellectual property embedded in them lead to a complex hybridization between the global and national sectoral systems of innovation.
{"title":"Developing an it standard in China - What lessons can we learn from this?","authors":"Xiaobai Shen, I. Graham, J. Stewart, Robin Williams","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083618","url":null,"abstract":"While users in the rest of the World have been offered 3G mobile phones based on either the CDMA2000 or W-CDMA standards, users in China have the additional option of using phones based on the TD-SCDMA standard. As a technology largely developed by Chinese actors and only implemented in China, TD-SCDMA has been seen as a techno-nationalist project orchestrated by the Chinese government, unequivocally supported by Chinese firms. In China, the media has also started trumpeting the success of this “indigenous innovation”. This paper adopts a science and technology studies (STS) framework, opening up the technological “black-box”, to explore how global and national institutional and social elements have been embedded in and impact on the artefacts of TD-SCDMA technology. It is concluded that rather than see TD-SCDMA as an indigenous Chinese technology, its history exemplifies how standards and the intellectual property embedded in them lead to a complex hybridization between the global and national sectoral systems of innovation.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128265613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083606
T. Egyedi, Sachiko Muto
This paper takes the recent process towards standardizing the mobile phone charger in the EU as a starting point to consider the role that compatibility standards might play in mitigating the negative impact of ICT on the environment. Building on insights gained from the economics of standards literature, we explore how the inherent effects of compatibility standards - such as reducing variety, avoiding lock-in, and building critical mass - can have positive implications for the environment. While there is growing interest in how performance standards initiatives with an explicit environmental purpose can contribute to sustainability, we argue that current standardization literature and policy have overlooked this important (side) effect of compatibility standards. Having first illustrated how excessive diversity and incompatibilities in ICT generate e-waste, discourage re-use, and make recycling economically unviable, we develop an economic-environmental framework for analyzing the sustainability effects of compatibility standards and apply it to the case of mobile phone chargers. We conclude that compatibility standards are a form of ecodesign at sector level and should be recognized as a relevant complementary strategy towards greening the IT industry.
{"title":"Standards for ICT - A green strategy in a grey sector","authors":"T. Egyedi, Sachiko Muto","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes the recent process towards standardizing the mobile phone charger in the EU as a starting point to consider the role that compatibility standards might play in mitigating the negative impact of ICT on the environment. Building on insights gained from the economics of standards literature, we explore how the inherent effects of compatibility standards - such as reducing variety, avoiding lock-in, and building critical mass - can have positive implications for the environment. While there is growing interest in how performance standards initiatives with an explicit environmental purpose can contribute to sustainability, we argue that current standardization literature and policy have overlooked this important (side) effect of compatibility standards. Having first illustrated how excessive diversity and incompatibilities in ICT generate e-waste, discourage re-use, and make recycling economically unviable, we develop an economic-environmental framework for analyzing the sustainability effects of compatibility standards and apply it to the case of mobile phone chargers. We conclude that compatibility standards are a form of ecodesign at sector level and should be recognized as a relevant complementary strategy towards greening the IT industry.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129392388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083610
E. D. Hartigh, R. Ortt, G. Kaa, C. Stolwijk
In this paper we explore the relationship between business networks and technology standards battles for dominance during the technology life cycle. Based on brief reviews of existing theory and research, we relate (1) standard dominance to the technology life cycle, (2) the business network to standard dominance and (3) the technology life cycle to the business network. We expect the technology life cycle to be a moderator of the relationship between the business network and technology standard dominance. We formulate propositions of how size, diversity and density of the business network contribute to standard dominance during the technology life cycle and we propose a way to further study these propositions.
{"title":"Technology standards battles and business networks during the technology life cycle: Propositions and a plan for further research","authors":"E. D. Hartigh, R. Ortt, G. Kaa, C. Stolwijk","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083610","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we explore the relationship between business networks and technology standards battles for dominance during the technology life cycle. Based on brief reviews of existing theory and research, we relate (1) standard dominance to the technology life cycle, (2) the business network to standard dominance and (3) the technology life cycle to the business network. We expect the technology life cycle to be a moderator of the relationship between the business network and technology standard dominance. We formulate propositions of how size, diversity and density of the business network contribute to standard dominance during the technology life cycle and we propose a way to further study these propositions.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114947111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083611
K. Jakobs, K. Blind
The European Commission (EC) has launched an initiative to re-formulate their (ICT) standardisation policy. This paper first briefly discusses the current situation in the field of ICT standardisation in Europe. It then takes a closer look at the EC's initiative and its outcome so far, specifically on the recently published White Paper and the comments on it, made by various stakeholders. Subsequently, the latest Communication from the Commission is discussed. Some still open questions are finally discussed. It turns out that the situation is improving, but that many open issue still need to be resolved.
{"title":"ICT standardisation policy in Europe - Recent past, presence, and future(?)","authors":"K. Jakobs, K. Blind","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083611","url":null,"abstract":"The European Commission (EC) has launched an initiative to re-formulate their (ICT) standardisation policy. This paper first briefly discusses the current situation in the field of ICT standardisation in Europe. It then takes a closer look at the EC's initiative and its outcome so far, specifically on the recently published White Paper and the comments on it, made by various stakeholders. Subsequently, the latest Communication from the Commission is discussed. Some still open questions are finally discussed. It turns out that the situation is improving, but that many open issue still need to be resolved.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128317151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083599
Justus Baron, Yann Ménière, T. Pohlmann
We analyze R&D competition and cooperation between firms involved in the development of a technology standard. Our model captures two types of incentives these firms are subject to: free-riding due to the public good nature of the standard and patent races in order to derive royalties from essential patents. As a consequence, R&D may be excessive or insufficient as compared to the collective optimum. Our goal is to test if consortia can address any type of inefficiency, by either reducing or increasing collective R&D investment. We address this question empirically on a large dataset of ICT standards, by assessing the effect of consortia on the number of standard-related patents filed by companies. After sorting standards entailing over or underinvestment, our results confirm that in the first case consortia have a chilling effect on patent filings, while it has an inflating effect in the second case.
{"title":"R&D coordination in standard setting organizations: The role of consortia","authors":"Justus Baron, Yann Ménière, T. Pohlmann","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083599","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze R&D competition and cooperation between firms involved in the development of a technology standard. Our model captures two types of incentives these firms are subject to: free-riding due to the public good nature of the standard and patent races in order to derive royalties from essential patents. As a consequence, R&D may be excessive or insufficient as compared to the collective optimum. Our goal is to test if consortia can address any type of inefficiency, by either reducing or increasing collective R&D investment. We address this question empirically on a large dataset of ICT standards, by assessing the effect of consortia on the number of standard-related patents filed by companies. After sorting standards entailing over or underinvestment, our results confirm that in the first case consortia have a chilling effect on patent filings, while it has an inflating effect in the second case.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114233960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083609
Jochen Friedrich
Standards can play a key role in facilitating innovation. This is being taken into consideration by companies in their business strategies as well as by governments regarding their innovation strategies. Within Europe, detailed analysis has been taken regarding the complexities of the relationship between standardisation and innovation and legal changes to adapt the European standardisation system to global realities have been made in order to increase the potential in Europe for driving innovation via the powerful tool of standardisation. What is important is that the different roles which standards play in this context are well analysed and understood. Building on the boost of innovation which the internet and the world wide web produced, there is a huge potential for innovative technologies in the integration of technologies. Like with the internet and the web, standards are a critical element in this context. And flexibility and differentiated action will be required for maximising the desired effects of innovation strategies and policies.
{"title":"Making innovation happen: The role of standards and openness in an innovation-friendly ecosystem","authors":"Jochen Friedrich","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083609","url":null,"abstract":"Standards can play a key role in facilitating innovation. This is being taken into consideration by companies in their business strategies as well as by governments regarding their innovation strategies. Within Europe, detailed analysis has been taken regarding the complexities of the relationship between standardisation and innovation and legal changes to adapt the European standardisation system to global realities have been made in order to increase the potential in Europe for driving innovation via the powerful tool of standardisation. What is important is that the different roles which standards play in this context are well analysed and understood. Building on the boost of innovation which the internet and the world wide web produced, there is a huge potential for innovative technologies in the integration of technologies. Like with the internet and the web, standards are a critical element in this context. And flexibility and differentiated action will be required for maximising the desired effects of innovation strategies and policies.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116288557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083604
S. Coetzee, S. Cox, J. Herring
ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics develops the ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards in close collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Forty-nine ISO 19100 standards have been published to date, and several were recently approved for revision in accordance with ISO's review process. Dependencies among standards have to be managed as changes are introduced in revisions. Configuration management (CM) refers to identifying the configuration of a system at distinct points in time for the purpose of systematically controlling changes to the configuration, and maintaining the integrity and traceability of the configuration throughout the system life cycle. In this paper we explain the configuration management challenges for a ‘system’ of interdependent standards, which are expressed using standard documents, a Unified Modeling Language (UML) model and Extensible Markup Language (XML) schemas. We present two conceptual models and propose improved configuration management activities for ISO/TC 211. We conclude with a summary of results that are applicable in other ISO technical committees.
{"title":"Configuration management of a system of interdependent standards","authors":"S. Coetzee, S. Cox, J. Herring","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083604","url":null,"abstract":"ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics develops the ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards in close collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Forty-nine ISO 19100 standards have been published to date, and several were recently approved for revision in accordance with ISO's review process. Dependencies among standards have to be managed as changes are introduced in revisions. Configuration management (CM) refers to identifying the configuration of a system at distinct points in time for the purpose of systematically controlling changes to the configuration, and maintaining the integrity and traceability of the configuration throughout the system life cycle. In this paper we explain the configuration management challenges for a ‘system’ of interdependent standards, which are expressed using standard documents, a Unified Modeling Language (UML) model and Extensible Markup Language (XML) schemas. We present two conceptual models and propose improved configuration management activities for ISO/TC 211. We conclude with a summary of results that are applicable in other ISO technical committees.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114922161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083608
V. Fomin, A. Medeisis, Daiva Vitkute-Adzgauskiene
In this work we adopt the theoretical framework of co-evolutionary analysis to explore the different roles of relevant stakeholders in the development of Cognitive Radio (CR) systems in the modern wireless market. Our analysis is aimed at yielding better understanding of factors upon which success or failure of commercialization of CR will depend and their possible link to policy and standardisation. Our analysis shows the benefits of co-evolutionary development coordinated across various domains: technology, policy and market. In particular, we build a compelling case that the policy domain and its respective stakeholders represent some of the most crucial factors that could “make or break” the future prospects of technology deployment and its advancement towards commercial success.
{"title":"The role of policy in the development of Cognitive Radio systems: Co-evolutionary perspective","authors":"V. Fomin, A. Medeisis, Daiva Vitkute-Adzgauskiene","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083608","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we adopt the theoretical framework of co-evolutionary analysis to explore the different roles of relevant stakeholders in the development of Cognitive Radio (CR) systems in the modern wireless market. Our analysis is aimed at yielding better understanding of factors upon which success or failure of commercialization of CR will depend and their possible link to policy and standardisation. Our analysis shows the benefits of co-evolutionary development coordinated across various domains: technology, policy and market. In particular, we build a compelling case that the policy domain and its respective stakeholders represent some of the most crucial factors that could “make or break” the future prospects of technology deployment and its advancement towards commercial success.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083601
Rudi Bekkers, Christian Catalini, Arianna Martinelli, Timothy S. Simcoe
Disclosure of essential patents at standard-setting organizations provides a rich source of information that can be used for various research questions related to standards and innovation. Yet this data also has some limitations and its compilation and preparation create challenges. This paper summarizes a number of recent studies using this type of data and discusses recent efforts to create an open database.
{"title":"Showcase: A database for standards and patents","authors":"Rudi Bekkers, Christian Catalini, Arianna Martinelli, Timothy S. Simcoe","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083601","url":null,"abstract":"Disclosure of essential patents at standard-setting organizations provides a rich source of information that can be used for various research questions related to standards and innovation. Yet this data also has some limitations and its compilation and preparation create challenges. This paper summarizes a number of recent studies using this type of data and discusses recent efforts to create an open database.","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114859857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083597
Najim Argam, H. J. Vries, B. Bode
Literature suggests that in battles between competing standards, ultimately one standard will emerge as the dominant one to the detriment of the others. Various factors and forces have been identified to explain this phenomenon. The factor of marketing communications is one of these. This paper addresses its influence on standards dominance by analyzing 46 different standards from the high tech industry developed by consortia. We found five determinants of marketing communications, each with a direct positive impact on standards dominance . This study is new in applying insights from marketing (communications) literature to standards battles and in empirically showing the impact of marketing communications on standards dominance. Our findings have managerial implications both for standardization consortia and for participants in these consortia.1
{"title":"The influence of marketing communications on the dominance of standards","authors":"Najim Argam, H. J. Vries, B. Bode","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2011.6083597","url":null,"abstract":"Literature suggests that in battles between competing standards, ultimately one standard will emerge as the dominant one to the detriment of the others. Various factors and forces have been identified to explain this phenomenon. The factor of marketing communications is one of these. This paper addresses its influence on standards dominance by analyzing 46 different standards from the high tech industry developed by consortia. We found five determinants of marketing communications, each with a direct positive impact on standards dominance . This study is new in applying insights from marketing (communications) literature to standards battles and in empirically showing the impact of marketing communications on standards dominance. Our findings have managerial implications both for standardization consortia and for participants in these consortia.1","PeriodicalId":386043,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124348820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：