Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10028578
Kunal K. Ganguly, D. Das
In an emerging economy like India, stone crushing industry for construction aggregates play a vital role for employment and economy. These industries are usually small scale and labour intensive in nature. Stone mining and crushing have a considerable impact on the biological resources as well as socio economic setting of local population. In this context, therefore, identifying and ranking the barriers that affect stone crushing operations becomes important. The present research attempts to explore various factors affecting stone crushing operations and their interactions. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) is employed in this research to extract the interrelationships among the identified barriers and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) applied to rank the barriers. This study can be taken as a reference by the decision makers while deciding the hierarchy of action necessary for effective operations of stone crushing units.
{"title":"Analysing the barriers in Indian stone crushing industries: an ISM and fuzzy AHP approach","authors":"Kunal K. Ganguly, D. Das","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10028578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10028578","url":null,"abstract":"In an emerging economy like India, stone crushing industry for construction aggregates play a vital role for employment and economy. These industries are usually small scale and labour intensive in nature. Stone mining and crushing have a considerable impact on the biological resources as well as socio economic setting of local population. In this context, therefore, identifying and ranking the barriers that affect stone crushing operations becomes important. The present research attempts to explore various factors affecting stone crushing operations and their interactions. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) is employed in this research to extract the interrelationships among the identified barriers and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) applied to rank the barriers. This study can be taken as a reference by the decision makers while deciding the hierarchy of action necessary for effective operations of stone crushing units.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45362987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10028579
S. Aldulaimi
This paper aims to validate an instrument to measure Islamic work ethic (IWE) dimensions as defined by Aldulaimi (2016). This paper reviews the foundations of IWE then, offer a multidimensional model (with 18 dimensions) can enable researchers to evaluate and measure work ethic in Islamic societies. A total of 1,252 respondents participated in this study to validate the IWE instrument. This study produces a valid instrument (questionnaire) consisting of 90 items (questions) to measure IWE in Muslim societies using the structural equation modelling (SEM). This study is one of the few attempts to suggest appropriate dimensions of Islamic work ethic in the management literature. It provides a measurement scale for 18 dimensions that promise to strengthen individual transparency and morally, which would eventually enhance economic progress in the Islamic world.
{"title":"Islamic work ethics: multidimensional constructs and scale validation","authors":"S. Aldulaimi","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10028579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10028579","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to validate an instrument to measure Islamic work ethic (IWE) dimensions as defined by Aldulaimi (2016). This paper reviews the foundations of IWE then, offer a multidimensional model (with 18 dimensions) can enable researchers to evaluate and measure work ethic in Islamic societies. A total of 1,252 respondents participated in this study to validate the IWE instrument. This study produces a valid instrument (questionnaire) consisting of 90 items (questions) to measure IWE in Muslim societies using the structural equation modelling (SEM). This study is one of the few attempts to suggest appropriate dimensions of Islamic work ethic in the management literature. It provides a measurement scale for 18 dimensions that promise to strengthen individual transparency and morally, which would eventually enhance economic progress in the Islamic world.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10028577
M. Bhavani, K. T. Reddy, P. Varma
Source code plagiarism is easy to do the task, but very difficult to detect without proper tool support. Various source code similarity detection systems have been developed to help detect source code plagiarism. Numerous efforts have been made in the literature to introduce an efficient source code detection approach with less time complexity and accurate classification of plagiarised codes. However, there exists a tradeoff amongst the less complexity and high accuracy. In a similar way, this paper likewise attempted to build a framework to detect the plagiarised codes from the source code corpus. This approach employed an intelligent swarm optimisation algorithm known as PSO in the detection phase and robust matrix factorisation algorithm known as non-negative matrix factorisation based on alternative least square (ALS) algorithm for reduction of features from the sparse matrix. Depending on the implementation, ALS is very fast and significantly less work than an SVD implementation. The experimental results showed that it has good performance compared to the other existing approaches such as precision and recall.
{"title":"Particle swarm optimisation-based source code plagiarism detection approach using non-negative matrix factorisation algorithm","authors":"M. Bhavani, K. T. Reddy, P. Varma","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10028577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10028577","url":null,"abstract":"Source code plagiarism is easy to do the task, but very difficult to detect without proper tool support. Various source code similarity detection systems have been developed to help detect source code plagiarism. Numerous efforts have been made in the literature to introduce an efficient source code detection approach with less time complexity and accurate classification of plagiarised codes. However, there exists a tradeoff amongst the less complexity and high accuracy. In a similar way, this paper likewise attempted to build a framework to detect the plagiarised codes from the source code corpus. This approach employed an intelligent swarm optimisation algorithm known as PSO in the detection phase and robust matrix factorisation algorithm known as non-negative matrix factorisation based on alternative least square (ALS) algorithm for reduction of features from the sparse matrix. Depending on the implementation, ALS is very fast and significantly less work than an SVD implementation. The experimental results showed that it has good performance compared to the other existing approaches such as precision and recall.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45904275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10028149
Smita Sharma, Naresh Mathur
The environmental attitudes of individuals are an important predictor of their behaviour towards environment. The present study examines the attitudes of hoteliers in Rajasthan towards environment. This research employs the Dunlap and Van Lierre's new ecological paradigm scale to analyse their attitude. The research is primarily exploratory in nature and comprised of 300 top and middle management people. The mean values ranged from 1.54 to 4.52 for odd and even numbered items. Three components have been extracted in the study. The Eigen values for three components extracted are greater than 1 (3.58, 2.00 and 1.757). This explains 73.37% of the variance in communalities. The NEP score in this study was 3.05, which indicates that ecological attitudes among the participating hotels were in accordance with the budding NEP. The study reflects fairly good intentions of the top management which can be translated into an effective environmental management plan for the organisation.
{"title":"An assessment of attitude towards environment: a study of five star hotels in Rajasthan","authors":"Smita Sharma, Naresh Mathur","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10028149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10028149","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental attitudes of individuals are an important predictor of their behaviour towards environment. The present study examines the attitudes of hoteliers in Rajasthan towards environment. This research employs the Dunlap and Van Lierre's new ecological paradigm scale to analyse their attitude. The research is primarily exploratory in nature and comprised of 300 top and middle management people. The mean values ranged from 1.54 to 4.52 for odd and even numbered items. Three components have been extracted in the study. The Eigen values for three components extracted are greater than 1 (3.58, 2.00 and 1.757). This explains 73.37% of the variance in communalities. The NEP score in this study was 3.05, which indicates that ecological attitudes among the participating hotels were in accordance with the budding NEP. The study reflects fairly good intentions of the top management which can be translated into an effective environmental management plan for the organisation.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49336160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10028148
Rahul Kumar, P. Bala, Shubhadeep Mukherjee
Collaborative filtering (CF) is the most widely accepted recommendation technique. Despite its popularity, this approach faces some major challenges like that of a cold-start user problem where a user has rated a handful of items. Due to very few ratings available for the cold-start users, their similarities with rest of the users has been questioned in the past, none have focused on their approach for neighbour identification. Whilst the traditional CF approaches select only those similar users as neighbours who have rated the item under consideration, the neighbourhood comprises of weak neighbours of the cold-start users. To address this shortcoming, our proposed approach selects neighbours with highest similarity irrespective of their availability of ratings for that item. Moreover, for the selected similar neighbours with missing ratings, an item based regression is performed to partially populate the matrix. The efficacy of the proposed neighbourhood formation approach addressing cold-start user problem is validated on two publicly available MovieLens datasets. Our approach provides superior quality of recommendations evaluated on a range of prediction and classification accuracy metrics. The results are encouraging particularly for systems having higher percentage of cold-start users which indicates the effectiveness of our approach in practical settings of new internet portals.
{"title":"A new neighbourhood formation approach for solving cold-start user problem in collaborative filtering","authors":"Rahul Kumar, P. Bala, Shubhadeep Mukherjee","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10028148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10028148","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative filtering (CF) is the most widely accepted recommendation technique. Despite its popularity, this approach faces some major challenges like that of a cold-start user problem where a user has rated a handful of items. Due to very few ratings available for the cold-start users, their similarities with rest of the users has been questioned in the past, none have focused on their approach for neighbour identification. Whilst the traditional CF approaches select only those similar users as neighbours who have rated the item under consideration, the neighbourhood comprises of weak neighbours of the cold-start users. To address this shortcoming, our proposed approach selects neighbours with highest similarity irrespective of their availability of ratings for that item. Moreover, for the selected similar neighbours with missing ratings, an item based regression is performed to partially populate the matrix. The efficacy of the proposed neighbourhood formation approach addressing cold-start user problem is validated on two publicly available MovieLens datasets. Our approach provides superior quality of recommendations evaluated on a range of prediction and classification accuracy metrics. The results are encouraging particularly for systems having higher percentage of cold-start users which indicates the effectiveness of our approach in practical settings of new internet portals.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10028147
Burak Kandemir
We propose an algorithm for inventory allocation of common products among multiple customers in a make-to-forecast manufacturing system, which uses periodic stock review. The method takes backlogs, unfulfilled forecasts (that cannot be shipped until the end of the period), and planned safety stocks into account and has a series of steps, sequence of which are interchangeable. The algorithm is then applied to the manufacturing system summarised above and further analysis and statistical test show that it outperforms the system where only the demand type is considered and allocation efficiency increases.
{"title":"An inventory allocation algorithm in a periodic stock control system where demand type visibility is not available","authors":"Burak Kandemir","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10028147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10028147","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an algorithm for inventory allocation of common products among multiple customers in a make-to-forecast manufacturing system, which uses periodic stock review. The method takes backlogs, unfulfilled forecasts (that cannot be shipped until the end of the period), and planned safety stocks into account and has a series of steps, sequence of which are interchangeable. The algorithm is then applied to the manufacturing system summarised above and further analysis and statistical test show that it outperforms the system where only the demand type is considered and allocation efficiency increases.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44941489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10028150
Wei W. Simi, Xiaoli Wang
The essential incentives for investment portfolio managers are pursing relative outstanding portfolio performance among their peers in order to be rewarded for investment fund inflows. This competition for fund inflows has becomes dynamic games among money managers. This paper accordingly proposes a new strategic asset allocation methodology by considering strategic interactions among portfolio managers with the dynamic consideration of incomplete information. To be specific, we extended the approach of Basak and Makarov (2012) by considering the case that portfolio managers make strategic asset allocation decisions under the situation of incomplete information using the framework of Bayesian (Nash) equilibrium.
{"title":"Money managers' interactions and Bayesian model","authors":"Wei W. Simi, Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10028150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10028150","url":null,"abstract":"The essential incentives for investment portfolio managers are pursing relative outstanding portfolio performance among their peers in order to be rewarded for investment fund inflows. This competition for fund inflows has becomes dynamic games among money managers. This paper accordingly proposes a new strategic asset allocation methodology by considering strategic interactions among portfolio managers with the dynamic consideration of incomplete information. To be specific, we extended the approach of Basak and Makarov (2012) by considering the case that portfolio managers make strategic asset allocation decisions under the situation of incomplete information using the framework of Bayesian (Nash) equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46909252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10026882
Abdellah El Fallahi, El Yaakoubi Anass, Mohammad Cherkaoui
Constraint programming method (CPM) has gained much attention in the last years since it proved a great efficiency to model and solve many combinatorial problems like scheduling, assignment and routing problems. In this paper, we first present a CPM model for a real scheduling and routing problem (SRP) faced by a company of water and electricity distribution. The problem aims to minimise the total distance travelled by the company's technicians to the clients' locations in order to carry out some services. To solve the studied SRP three CPM-based solution methods are proposed: an exact method (branch and prune), a local search meta-heuristic and a hybrid algorithm which combine tabu search and constraint programming method. The proposed solution methods have been tested using three sets of instances. The two first sets are generated randomly, they represent small and large scale instances, while the third one contain the real instances provided by the company with which we are working. The results obtained by the three methods show clearly the superiority of the hybrid algorithm over the two others methods.
{"title":"Tabu search and constraint programming-based approach for a real scheduling and routing problem","authors":"Abdellah El Fallahi, El Yaakoubi Anass, Mohammad Cherkaoui","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10026882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10026882","url":null,"abstract":"Constraint programming method (CPM) has gained much attention in the last years since it proved a great efficiency to model and solve many combinatorial problems like scheduling, assignment and routing problems. In this paper, we first present a CPM model for a real scheduling and routing problem (SRP) faced by a company of water and electricity distribution. The problem aims to minimise the total distance travelled by the company's technicians to the clients' locations in order to carry out some services. To solve the studied SRP three CPM-based solution methods are proposed: an exact method (branch and prune), a local search meta-heuristic and a hybrid algorithm which combine tabu search and constraint programming method. The proposed solution methods have been tested using three sets of instances. The two first sets are generated randomly, they represent small and large scale instances, while the third one contain the real instances provided by the company with which we are working. The results obtained by the three methods show clearly the superiority of the hybrid algorithm over the two others methods.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47736946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10026883
Dayakar G. Devaru, Ramakrishna Maddula, B. Gopalakrishnan
Quantity of energy required to produce a unit of product or specific energy consumption (SEC) is an important aspect to lumber producing sawmills since it can also represent production efficiency to some extent. The current research focuses on establishing SEC profiles for hardwood lumber sawing in sawmills and comparing them with SEC of other sawmills. Benchmarking energy consumption will help the sawmill industry to know where it stands against industrial bests and realise how to improve their energy efficiency and productivity. SEC was calculated in the traditional way initially by taking total energy consumption from energy bills and dividing it by total board feet sawn. Sawmills produced different lumber sizes which affected energy consumption and hence a method based on surface area cut was developed to calculate SEC. Better results were obtained by SEC calculated based on surface area cut since it exposed production bottle necks than traditionally calculated SEC.
{"title":"Establishing and comparing electrical energy consumption of sawmills","authors":"Dayakar G. Devaru, Ramakrishna Maddula, B. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10026883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10026883","url":null,"abstract":"Quantity of energy required to produce a unit of product or specific energy consumption (SEC) is an important aspect to lumber producing sawmills since it can also represent production efficiency to some extent. The current research focuses on establishing SEC profiles for hardwood lumber sawing in sawmills and comparing them with SEC of other sawmills. Benchmarking energy consumption will help the sawmill industry to know where it stands against industrial bests and realise how to improve their energy efficiency and productivity. SEC was calculated in the traditional way initially by taking total energy consumption from energy bills and dividing it by total board feet sawn. Sawmills produced different lumber sizes which affected energy consumption and hence a method based on surface area cut was developed to calculate SEC. Better results were obtained by SEC calculated based on surface area cut since it exposed production bottle necks than traditionally calculated SEC.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46614080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.1504/ijams.2020.10026881
Rishabh Shekhar, Uma Pricilda Jaidev
The present growth in the e-commerce platform has opened up social commerce (SC), which uses social media to enhance commerce using social interactions. A thorough literature survey led to the identification of s-commerce dimensions namely, ratings and reviews, forums and communities, recommendations and the referrals. In addition perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use was also identified as factors that may trigger intention to purchase. Trust in social commerce has been identified as a mediator in the relationship between social commerce constructs, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and intention to purchase. Stepwise regression was used to understand the strongest predictors of SC adoption. Mediation analysis is also used to establish the role of trust. The study found that trust acts as a mediator between: 1) social commerce construct; 2) perceived usefulness and intention to buy; 3) perceived ease of use and intention to buy. This study added a new construct and empirically tested the relationship among the constructs.
{"title":"Antecedents of online purchase intention in the context of social commerce","authors":"Rishabh Shekhar, Uma Pricilda Jaidev","doi":"10.1504/ijams.2020.10026881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijams.2020.10026881","url":null,"abstract":"The present growth in the e-commerce platform has opened up social commerce (SC), which uses social media to enhance commerce using social interactions. A thorough literature survey led to the identification of s-commerce dimensions namely, ratings and reviews, forums and communities, recommendations and the referrals. In addition perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use was also identified as factors that may trigger intention to purchase. Trust in social commerce has been identified as a mediator in the relationship between social commerce constructs, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and intention to purchase. Stepwise regression was used to understand the strongest predictors of SC adoption. Mediation analysis is also used to establish the role of trust. The study found that trust acts as a mediator between: 1) social commerce construct; 2) perceived usefulness and intention to buy; 3) perceived ease of use and intention to buy. This study added a new construct and empirically tested the relationship among the constructs.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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