Pub Date : 2017-07-12DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005921
Chongqi Wu, Steve Peng, B. Shao
Consider an industry with two competing two-echelon supply chains. Each supply chain consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. Each retailer is modelled as a price-setting newsvendor. That is, each retailer sets his inventory as well as retail price. In such a setting, we numerically study the impact of horizontal competition and demand uncertainty on wholesale and retail prices, inventories, manufacturer profit, retailer profit, and supply chain profit. Demand uncertainty is captured by an additive stochastic demand function in which the random shock is uniformly distributed. Three key findings are: 1) horizontal competition could be beneficial for both manufacturer and retailer; 2) it is possible for retailer to optimally keep less inventory when demand uncertainty increases, provided that horizontal competition is much intense; 3) inventory (and thus order quantity) is an effective tool for retailer to transfer much of demand risk to manufacturer.
{"title":"A numerical study on competing supply chains: a price-setting newsvendor model","authors":"Chongqi Wu, Steve Peng, B. Shao","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005921","url":null,"abstract":"Consider an industry with two competing two-echelon supply chains. Each supply chain consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. Each retailer is modelled as a price-setting newsvendor. That is, each retailer sets his inventory as well as retail price. In such a setting, we numerically study the impact of horizontal competition and demand uncertainty on wholesale and retail prices, inventories, manufacturer profit, retailer profit, and supply chain profit. Demand uncertainty is captured by an additive stochastic demand function in which the random shock is uniformly distributed. Three key findings are: 1) horizontal competition could be beneficial for both manufacturer and retailer; 2) it is possible for retailer to optimally keep less inventory when demand uncertainty increases, provided that horizontal competition is much intense; 3) inventory (and thus order quantity) is an effective tool for retailer to transfer much of demand risk to manufacturer.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-12DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005936
Fu Huang, Huaming Song
This paper considers Stackelberg game decisions on the product and ordering policy in a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer is the leader and provides a home delivery service, thus he controls the distributed lead time, which consists of three components: setup time, production time and shipping time. First, a Stackelberg game model and a benchmarking integrated model involving service level and lead time are established, then some properties of this model are deduced, and efficient algorithms which are based on these models' analyses are developed. Furthermore, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the models and the algorithm, and some comparisons with the existed model are also given. The comparative results show that both the retailer's and the system's profits are increased effectively in the case of service level concerned.
{"title":"Stackelberg game in a two-echelon supply chain involving service level and distributed controllable lead time","authors":"Fu Huang, Huaming Song","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005936","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers Stackelberg game decisions on the product and ordering policy in a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer is the leader and provides a home delivery service, thus he controls the distributed lead time, which consists of three components: setup time, production time and shipping time. First, a Stackelberg game model and a benchmarking integrated model involving service level and lead time are established, then some properties of this model are deduced, and efficient algorithms which are based on these models' analyses are developed. Furthermore, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the models and the algorithm, and some comparisons with the existed model are also given. The comparative results show that both the retailer's and the system's profits are increased effectively in the case of service level concerned.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"114-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-12DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005925
M. Shakib, A. T. Eshlaghy, M. Alborzi
Nowadays, industrial clusters play important roles, ranging from various aspects of social, industrial production, and offering of services. On the other hand, the abandoning of small manufacturing firms, particularly in undeveloped and less developed countries, results in such enterprises not having a considerable contribution in the gross national product and creation of added value and also results in their suffering from severe scarcity in managerial and technological scopes. However, by adopting appropriate strategies based on influencing factors on development of industrial clusters, the shortcomings can be compensated. This paper aimed to identify these influencing factors due to 25 previous years' studies and interview with experts. Also, the relationship among the factors with fuzzy DEMATEL technique was examined in order to evaluate more important and influencing factors.
{"title":"Identification and evaluations of factors involved in industrial clusters development, applying fuzzy DEMATEL","authors":"M. Shakib, A. T. Eshlaghy, M. Alborzi","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005925","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, industrial clusters play important roles, ranging from various aspects of social, industrial production, and offering of services. On the other hand, the abandoning of small manufacturing firms, particularly in undeveloped and less developed countries, results in such enterprises not having a considerable contribution in the gross national product and creation of added value and also results in their suffering from severe scarcity in managerial and technological scopes. However, by adopting appropriate strategies based on influencing factors on development of industrial clusters, the shortcomings can be compensated. This paper aimed to identify these influencing factors due to 25 previous years' studies and interview with experts. Also, the relationship among the factors with fuzzy DEMATEL technique was examined in order to evaluate more important and influencing factors.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"135-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48129090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-12DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005928
N. Foroozesh, H. Gitinavard, S. Mousavi, B. Vahdani
In complex real-world problems, hesitant fuzzy sets could help experts or decision makers (DMs) when they are hesitant among several performance values and can express their judgments as a set of possible values for an element between zero and one. In this respect, the main purpose of this paper is to present hesitant fuzzy information to develop the vlsekriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje in serbian (VIKOR) method, namely HF-VIKOR by utilising the weights of decision makers and distance measure along with proposing a new index for the ranking process of compromise solution procedure. The hesitant fuzzy hamming distance measure is applied to compute the utility measure and regret measure; also, hesitant fuzzy Euclidean distance measure is used to compute the proposed new index for the evaluation of alternatives by considering risk preferences of DMs. Moreover, two application examples about new product selection and energy policy selection problems under uncertainty are presented to indicate the suitability of the proposed HF-VIKOR method, and then it is compared with the recent methods from the literature. Finally, sensitivity analysis is considered to indicate effects of the DMs' weights on preference order ranking.
在复杂的现实问题中，当专家或决策者在几个性能值之间犹豫不决时，犹豫模糊集可以帮助他们，并可以将他们的判断表达为0到1之间元素的一组可能值。在这方面，本文的主要目的是通过利用决策者的权重和距离度量来提供犹豫模糊信息，以发展vlsekriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje In serbia (VIKOR)方法，即HF-VIKOR，并提出了妥协解决过程排序过程的新指标。采用犹豫模糊汉明距离测度计算效用测度和后悔测度;同时，考虑决策者的风险偏好，采用犹豫模糊欧几里得距离测度方法计算新指标。最后，给出了新产品选择和不确定条件下能源政策选择的应用实例，说明了所提方法的适用性，并与文献中已有的方法进行了比较。最后，考虑敏感性分析，以表明dm的权重对偏好排序的影响。
{"title":"A hesitant fuzzy extension of VIKOR method for evaluation and selection problems under uncertainty","authors":"N. Foroozesh, H. Gitinavard, S. Mousavi, B. Vahdani","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10005928","url":null,"abstract":"In complex real-world problems, hesitant fuzzy sets could help experts or decision makers (DMs) when they are hesitant among several performance values and can express their judgments as a set of possible values for an element between zero and one. In this respect, the main purpose of this paper is to present hesitant fuzzy information to develop the vlsekriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje in serbian (VIKOR) method, namely HF-VIKOR by utilising the weights of decision makers and distance measure along with proposing a new index for the ranking process of compromise solution procedure. The hesitant fuzzy hamming distance measure is applied to compute the utility measure and regret measure; also, hesitant fuzzy Euclidean distance measure is used to compute the proposed new index for the evaluation of alternatives by considering risk preferences of DMs. Moreover, two application examples about new product selection and energy policy selection problems under uncertainty are presented to indicate the suitability of the proposed HF-VIKOR method, and then it is compared with the recent methods from the literature. Finally, sensitivity analysis is considered to indicate effects of the DMs' weights on preference order ranking.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"95-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41474085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003207
Mengying Zhang, Jin Qin, Tianyi Wei
In this paper, we study the capacity coordination problem in an outsourcing supply chain consisting of a user company and an outsourcer that does outsourcing work for the user company. Once a service product is delivered to a customer, the user company receives a revenue generated by the served customer and the outsourcer is compensated by the user company. Unlike the traditional inventory supply chain, the service product cannot be inventoried. Therefore, the outsourcer tends to build a service capacity which is lower than the system-wide optimal capacity. To solve such a problem, we are interested in the contracts that could coordinate the supply chain and improve the chain's performance. Using the wholesale price mechanism as a benchmark, we develop a set of option contracts which could coordinate the supply chain. We identify conditions under which the option contracts improve the chain profit. We also figure out the feasible option contracts that improve supply chain member's expected profit and show the degree of improvement that could be achieved through numerical study.
{"title":"Capacity coordination in a service supply chain","authors":"Mengying Zhang, Jin Qin, Tianyi Wei","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003207","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the capacity coordination problem in an outsourcing supply chain consisting of a user company and an outsourcer that does outsourcing work for the user company. Once a service product is delivered to a customer, the user company receives a revenue generated by the served customer and the outsourcer is compensated by the user company. Unlike the traditional inventory supply chain, the service product cannot be inventoried. Therefore, the outsourcer tends to build a service capacity which is lower than the system-wide optimal capacity. To solve such a problem, we are interested in the contracts that could coordinate the supply chain and improve the chain's performance. Using the wholesale price mechanism as a benchmark, we develop a set of option contracts which could coordinate the supply chain. We identify conditions under which the option contracts improve the chain profit. We also figure out the feasible option contracts that improve supply chain member's expected profit and show the degree of improvement that could be achieved through numerical study.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"19-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47723332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003205
M. H. Hosseini, E. Keshavarz
The purpose of this research is to realise how organisations have been sustaining their growth through applying service quality. Considering that Mellat, Melli and Central Saderat banks in Semnan have been brought for this research as statistic population. Numbers of experts participating in the study were 30 persons who were interested in improving discussion. The main tools used for gathering the data in this study were company records and questionnaire. In this study, banks including private bank, state-owned bank, semi-private bank were ranked regarding to sub-scales related to different levels of service quality factors and tangibles, empathy, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, information quality, professionalism sub criteria of banking industry by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy TOPSIS. The results obtained from both methods indicate that private bank is more important than semi-private bank and owned state bank in banking industry. According to the service quality factors, it is concluded that reliability is superior to other factors and then responsiveness, information quality, assurance, tangibles, empathy and professionalism are at the next rank, respectively. According to the reliability scale, it is concluded that specialisation is more important than other factors.
{"title":"Using fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS for strategic analysis measurement of service quality in banking industry","authors":"M. H. Hosseini, E. Keshavarz","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003205","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to realise how organisations have been sustaining their growth through applying service quality. Considering that Mellat, Melli and Central Saderat banks in Semnan have been brought for this research as statistic population. Numbers of experts participating in the study were 30 persons who were interested in improving discussion. The main tools used for gathering the data in this study were company records and questionnaire. In this study, banks including private bank, state-owned bank, semi-private bank were ranked regarding to sub-scales related to different levels of service quality factors and tangibles, empathy, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, information quality, professionalism sub criteria of banking industry by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy TOPSIS. The results obtained from both methods indicate that private bank is more important than semi-private bank and owned state bank in banking industry. According to the service quality factors, it is concluded that reliability is superior to other factors and then responsiveness, information quality, assurance, tangibles, empathy and professionalism are at the next rank, respectively. According to the reliability scale, it is concluded that specialisation is more important than other factors.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"55-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44103485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003209
Nasser Shahsavari-Pour, H. Asadi, Maryam Asadi-Pasoojani, Mojtaba Kazemi, A. Mirzaie, M. Karami
The key of the successful implementation of strategies is that people understand them. A strategy map is a simple and effective way to communicate with employees about how to achieve the companies' strategic goals and will not miss any value drivers in the management process. A strategy map can serve as a complement tool to improve the performance measurement tool. The organisations often prepare strategy map using the senior managers and experts' opinions and ideas of organisations during a series of multiple management sessions. In this paper, digraph theory is used to build strategy map and define balanced scorecard's perspective. The method is that after defining the strategy of organisation, objectives are being clarified then relationships between objectives result in adjacency matrix, and after doing matrix calculations minimum-edge adjacency matrix is available. Finally, this matrix converts to a digraph. This digraph is a strategy map and each level of digraph is equal to one perspective of balanced scorecard.
{"title":"A new approach for building a strategy map based on digraph theory","authors":"Nasser Shahsavari-Pour, H. Asadi, Maryam Asadi-Pasoojani, Mojtaba Kazemi, A. Mirzaie, M. Karami","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003209","url":null,"abstract":"The key of the successful implementation of strategies is that people understand them. A strategy map is a simple and effective way to communicate with employees about how to achieve the companies' strategic goals and will not miss any value drivers in the management process. A strategy map can serve as a complement tool to improve the performance measurement tool. The organisations often prepare strategy map using the senior managers and experts' opinions and ideas of organisations during a series of multiple management sessions. In this paper, digraph theory is used to build strategy map and define balanced scorecard's perspective. The method is that after defining the strategy of organisation, objectives are being clarified then relationships between objectives result in adjacency matrix, and after doing matrix calculations minimum-edge adjacency matrix is available. Finally, this matrix converts to a digraph. This digraph is a strategy map and each level of digraph is equal to one perspective of balanced scorecard.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48530934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003206
Hyun-Woong Jin
Vendor managed inventory (VMI) is a widely used strategy for the collaborative inventory management. It is known to be a very effective strategy in terms of inventory reduction and service level improvement. And these benefits of VMI depend on the environment of supply chain such as customer demand, ordering policy and lead time. This research aims to figure out the effect of lead time on the benefit of VMI system. System dynamics approach is adopted so as to model the traditional supply chain and the VMI supply chain. Verification and validation tests are carried out to check the appropriateness of the models. To perform the experimental test under various environments, multiple scenarios considering various characteristics of lead time were developed. Some interesting findings are observed from the experimental test and their managerial implications are discussed.
{"title":"Analysis of lead time effects on VMI system: system dynamics approach","authors":"Hyun-Woong Jin","doi":"10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAMS.2017.10003206","url":null,"abstract":"Vendor managed inventory (VMI) is a widely used strategy for the collaborative inventory management. It is known to be a very effective strategy in terms of inventory reduction and service level improvement. And these benefits of VMI depend on the environment of supply chain such as customer demand, ordering policy and lead time. This research aims to figure out the effect of lead time on the benefit of VMI system. System dynamics approach is adopted so as to model the traditional supply chain and the VMI supply chain. Verification and validation tests are carried out to check the appropriateness of the models. To perform the experimental test under various environments, multiple scenarios considering various characteristics of lead time were developed. Some interesting findings are observed from the experimental test and their managerial implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38716,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"38-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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