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Towards an Open Digital Ecosystem for Archaeology in South America: The BADACor (Córdoba Archaeological Sites Database) as a case of an open digital archaeological source for heritage management in central Argentina 建立南美洲考古学开放式数字生态系统:BADACor(科尔多瓦考古遗址数据库)作为阿根廷中部遗产管理的开放式数字考古资源案例
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.16
A. Izeta, R. Cattáneo
BaDACor is a database that contains a comprehensive inventory of archaeological sites located in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The creation of this database was the result of a top-down approach, which involved the collaboration of decision-makers and professionals from the academic and state-governmental sectors. Furthermore, the database has also been utilised in a bottom-up approach, whereby interest groups and citizens concerned with heritage preservation have made use of it. This has been particularly important in light of the construction of Highway 38, which has resulted in damage to natural habitats and the destruction of territories of communities with traditional ways of life. Additionally, the construction of the highway has also endangered the integrity of ancestral territories loaded with symbolism for aboriginal communities. BaDACor has been employed in legal claims in cases of conflict with the state, and has proved to be an invaluable tool for heritage management. This is especially significant for local communities and indigenous groups who have historically had their heritage desecrated, destroyed, and hidden. The availability of BaDACor on different platforms has facilitated better access to information while also ensuring the preservation of digital data. The use of digital media has been reinforced through talks, conferences, and meetings with stakeholders to ensure that the voices of affected communities are heard in decision-making processes.
BaDACor 是一个包含阿根廷科尔多瓦省考古遗址综合清单的数据库。该数据库的创建采用了自上而下的方法,包括与学术界和政府部门的决策者和专业人士合作。此外,该数据库还采用了自下而上的方法,与遗产保护有关的利益团体和公民也利用了该 数据库。这一点在 38 号公路的建设中尤为重要,因为该公路的建设破坏了自然栖息地,并摧毁了具有传统生活方式的社区的领地。此外,公路的修建还危及了对原住民社区具有象征意义的祖传领地的完整性。在与国家发生冲突时,BaDACor 已被用于法律索赔,并被证明是遗产管理的宝贵工具。这对当地社区和土著群体来说意义尤其重大,因为他们的遗产在历史上曾遭到亵渎、破坏和隐藏。BaDACor 在不同平台上的可用性为更好地获取信息提供了便利,同时也确保了数字数据的保存。通过与利益攸关方的会谈、大会和会议,数字媒体的使用得到了加强,以确保在决策过 程中听到受影响社区的声音。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction. International Data Aggregation for Archaeological Research and Heritage Management: the ARIADNE experience 导言。考古研究和遗产管理的国际数据汇总:ARIADNE 的经验
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.1
Julian D. Richards, Edeltraud Aspöck, Franco Niccolucci
The volume originates from a conference session co-organised by Edeltraud Aspöck, Guntram Geser and Julian Richards, at the international conference ‘Cultural Heritage and New Technologies’ (CHNT) held in Vienna in November 2022. The papers presented there have been extensively revised, and some additional ones have been commissioned. They represent a wide range of activities, and illustrate some of the impacts of ARIADNE across heritage management and research.
本卷源于 2022 年 11 月在维也纳举行的 "文化遗产与新技术"(CHNT)国际会议上由 Edeltraud Aspöck、Guntram Geser 和 Julian Richards 共同组织的一次会议。会上提交的论文经过了广泛的修订,并委托他人补充了一些论文。它们代表了广泛的活动,并说明了阿丽亚德涅在遗产管理和研究方面的一些影响。
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引用次数: 0
Aggregating Coin Find Data to the ARIADNE Portal. Challenges of using the Getty AAT for a specialist domain 将钱币发现数据汇聚到 ARIADNE 门户网站。在专业领域使用 Getty AAT 所面临的挑战
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.6
D. Wigg-Wolf, Anna-Lisa Pfeiffer, Karsten Tolle
Integration of data on coin finds into the ARIADNE portal presents a number of challenges, partly related to the use of the Getty AAT as a controlled vocabulary, in particular its incomplete coverage and hierarchical structure. Further problems arise from the fact that the majority of the data are being provided not from primarily numismatic projects and institutions, but rather from disparate archaeological resources that integrate a wide range of artefacts and records. As a result, they often focus less on the peculiarities of using the AAT for coin finds and the difficulties that arise from its use. This article illustrates how this can lead to quite disparate and inconsistent mappings of data to the ARIADNE portal. Potential solutions such as aligning the AAT to the established vocabulary of Nomisma.org, or even implementing the latter in the portal, as well as implementing a standard mapping for coin finds, are discussed. Also addressed are the possibilities for complex, granular searches using the SPARQL endpoint in the ARIADNElab Virtual Research Area.
将钱币出土数据整合到 ARIADNE 门户网站面临着许多挑战,其中部分原因与使用 Getty AAT 作为受控词汇有关,特别是其不完整的覆盖范围和分层结构。其他问题还在于,大部分数据并非主要来自钱币项目和机构,而是来自整合了各种文物和记录的不同考古资源。因此,他们往往不太关注在钱币发现中使用 AAT 的特殊性以及使用中出现的困难。本文说明了这是如何导致数据与 ARIADNE 门户网站的映射出现差异和不一致的。文章讨论了潜在的解决方案,如将 AAT 与 Nomisma.org 的既定词汇相统一,甚至在门户网站中实施后者,以及为钱币发现实施标准映射。此外,还讨论了在阿里亚纳实验室虚拟研究区使用 SPARQL 端点进行复杂、细粒度搜索的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Getting it Together: Combining information about archaeological sites and artefacts in ARIADNE 整合:结合 ARIADNE 中的考古遗址和文物信息
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.14
Julian D. Richards
This article discusses the situation that exists in several European countries, whereby information about archaeological sites and monuments, and that about finds recorded by members of the public (primarily via metal detecting), is held in entirely separate databases. This prevents heritage management decisions being taken with full awareness of known archaeology, and makes research that seeks to draw on multiple information resources difficult. The article demonstrates how the European ARIADNE e-infrastructure has facilitated the integration of large-scale artefact and site information. Over one million records from the British Museum Portable Antiquities Scheme database and over one million records for English sites, monuments, and grey literature have been integrated in an open access interface for the first time, permitting entirely new research questions to be addressed.
本文讨论了一些欧洲国家存在的情况,即考古遗址和遗迹的信息以及公众记录的发现(主要是通过金属探测器)的信息被保存在完全不同的数据库中。这妨碍了在充分了解已知考古学的情况下做出遗产管理决策,并使试图利用多种信息资源的研究变得困难。文章展示了欧洲 ARIADNE 电子基础设施如何促进大规模文物和遗址信息的整合。大英博物馆便携式古物计划数据库中的 100 多万条记录以及英国遗址、古迹和灰色文献中的 100 多万条记录首次被整合到一个开放存取界面中,从而可以解决全新的研究问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Aggregation of ROAD Data in the ARIADNE Pipeline: pitfalls and successes 在 ARIADNE 管道中汇集 ROAD 数据:陷阱与成功
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.9
A. W. Kandel, M. Haidle, Volker Hochschild, Christian Sommer, Z. Kanaeva
In this article we describe an online database about human evolution, called the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD), and discuss our experience in aggregating Palaeolithic data from ROAD in the ARIADNE data processing pipeline. As of April 2023, ROAD contains more than 2400 localities in Africa and Eurasia dating between three million and 20,000 years ago. The database is transdisciplinary by nature and includes cultural artefacts, human and animal fossils, and plant remains. These finds are stored in a relational database, which is part of a structured, web-based, geographic information system. The process of preparing ROAD data for integration with ARIADNE taught us lessons about our own dataset, which we share here.
在这篇文章中,我们介绍了一个有关人类进化的在线数据库,名为 "ROCEEH 非洲之外数据库(ROAD)",并讨论了我们将 ROAD 中的旧石器时代数据汇总到 ARIADNE 数据处理管道中的经验。截至 2023 年 4 月,ROAD 包含非洲和欧亚大陆 2400 多个地点,年代在 300 万年前到 2 万年前之间。该数据库具有跨学科性质,包括文物、人类和动物化石以及植物遗骸。这些发现储存在一个关系数据库中,该数据库是一个结构化、基于网络的地理信息系统的一部分。在准备将 ROAD 数据与 ARIADNE 整合的过程中,我们学到了关于我们自己数据集的经验,在此与大家分享。
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引用次数: 0
Joined up Thinking: Aggregating archaeological datasets at an international scale 联合思考:在国际范围内汇总考古数据集
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.3
Julian D. Richards
The archaeological research community was an early adopter of digital tools for data acquisition, organisation, analysis, and presentation of research results of individual projects. However, the provision of e-infrastructure and services for data sharing, discovery, access, and reuse has lagged behind. The ARIADNE Research Infrastructure has sought to address this situation. Developed with European funding, ARIADNE has created an e-infrastructure that enables data providers to register and provide access to their digital resources through the ARIADNE data portal, facilitating discovery, access, and research. ARIADNE has aggregated resources from over 45 data providers, spanning over 40 countries and 4 continents. The portal now provides online access to over 3.9 million research resources. It is based upon Linked Open Data technologies and is underpinned by a flexible and extensible architecture, enabling multiple combinations and presentations of the same underpinning data. We have been keen not to 'make a great heap' of all the data and, learning from previous data aggregation projects, we have defined a subset of the CIDOC CRM to be used as a strict ontology and paid close attention to data standards and controlled vocabularies to achieve a high degree of interoperability. This article discusses some of the challenges of large-scale data integration and describes the approaches adopted to ensure that the ARIADNE Knowledge Base is an effective tool for archaeological heritage management and research at a national and international level.
考古研究界较早采用数字工具来获取、组织、分析和展示单个项目的研究成果。然而,为数据共享、发现、获取和再利用提供的电子基础设施和服务却相对滞后。阿里亚德研究基础设施(ARIADNE Research Infrastructure)就是要解决这一问题。ARIADNE 由欧洲资助开发,创建了一个电子基础设施,使数据提供者能够注册并通过 ARIADNE 数据门户网站访问其数字资源,从而为发现、访问和研究提供便利。ARIADNE 汇集了来自 40 多个国家和四大洲超过 45 个数据提供者的资源。该门户网站目前可在线访问 390 多万个研究资源。它以关联开放数据技术为基础,以灵活、可扩展的架构为支撑,能够对相同的基础数据进行多种组合和展示。我们一直希望不要把所有数据 "堆成大山",我们从以前的数据聚合项目中汲取了经验,定义了CIDOC CRM的一个子集作为严格的本体,并密切关注数据标准和受控词汇表,以实现高度的互操作性。本文讨论了大规模数据整合所面临的一些挑战,并介绍了为确保阿里亚纳知识库成为国家和国际考古遗产管理和研究的有效工具所采取的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating Data on Early Medieval Graves: Mapping the THANADOS database to the ARIADNE infrastructure with the Mortuary Data Application Profile 整合中世纪早期坟墓数据:利用殡葬数据应用简介将 THANADOS 数据库映射到 ARIADNE 基础设施
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.11
Edeltraud Aspöck, Stefan Eichert, Maria Theodoridou, A. Felicetti, Nina Richards
This article discusses the creation of an Application Profile (AP) for mortuary data and how it was used to integrate the THANADOS anthropological and archaeological database of sepultures in the ARIADNEplus infrastructure. Ontologies increase data interoperability and their potential for being reused. The CIDOC CRM is a formal ontology designed to facilitate the integration, mediation, and interchange of heterogeneous cultural heritage information. APs provide exemplary mappings that other researchers can use as an orientation. For creating and testing the ARIADNE mortuary data AP, data from early medieval cemeteries provided an ideal case study because of the high degree of similarity between sites. The mapping of early medieval cemetery data has shown that mapping to an ontology contributes to data interoperability in several ways. Firstly, it may reveal inconsistencies in the native dataset and improve data organisation for future projects. Secondly, it enables the querying of information concerning graves and cemeteries from different sources across the ARIADNE infrastructure. Finally, this article provides an example of how archaeological data can be aggregated across multiple providers.
本文讨论了殡葬数据应用简介(AP)的创建,以及如何将 THANADOS 人类学和考古学墓葬数据库整合到 ARIADNEplus 基础设施中。本体论提高了数据的互操作性和重复使用的潜力。CIDOC CRM 是一个正式的本体论,旨在促进异质文化遗产信息的整合、调解和交换。AP 提供了示范性的映射,其他研究人员可将其作为导向。在创建和测试 ARIADNE 停尸数据 AP 时,中世纪早期墓地的数据提供了一个理想的案例研究,因为遗址之间具有高度的相似性。对中世纪早期墓地数据的映射表明,映射到本体在几个方面有助于数据的互操作性。首先,它可以揭示原始数据集中的不一致之处,并改进未来项目的数据组织。其次,它可以在整个 ARIADNE 基础设施中查询不同来源的坟墓和墓地信息。最后,本文提供了一个实例,说明如何在多个提供者之间汇总考古数据。
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引用次数: 0
Recording Data from Metal-Detecting Activities in the Czech Republic: The Portal of Amateur Collaborators and Register of Individual Finds (AMCR-PAS) 记录捷克共和国金属探测活动的数据:业余合作者门户网站和个人发现登记册(AMCR-PAS)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.64.13
Petr Pajdla, Olga Lečbychová, David Novák, Róbert Antal, Balázs Komoróczy, Tomáš Chlup, Jan Mařík
This article discusses the importance of the Portal of Amateur Collaborators and the Register of Individual Finds of the Archaeological Map of the Czech Republic (AMCR-PAS) in preserving data from metal-detecting activities in the Czech Republic. The context and legal framework of metal detecting in the country are explained along with the establishment of AMCR-PAS. The collaboration between amateur and professional archaeologists is also discussed. The recorded finds are analysed in terms of chronological, typological and spatial distribution. The AMCR-PAS system is recognised as a crucial tool for the preservation of data from metal detecting, and provides a valuable resource for national and transnational archaeological research, enabled especially by aggregation of AMCR-PAS data in the ARIADNE infrastructure. Overall, this article highlights the significance of the AMCR-PAS system and its potential to contribute to the understanding of the country's rich archaeological heritage. It also examines the shortcomings and challenges that accompany applying the system in practice.
本文讨论了业余合作者门户网站和捷克共和国考古地图个人发现登记册(AMCR-PAS)在保存捷克共和国金属探测活动数据方面的重要性。在建立 AMCR-PAS 的同时,还解释了该国金属探测的背景和法律框架。此外,还讨论了业余考古学家与专业考古学家之间的合作。从年代、类型和空间分布等方面对记录的发现进行了分析。AMCR-PAS 系统被认为是保存金属探测数据的重要工具,并为国家和跨国考古研究提供了宝贵的资源,特别是通过在 ARIADNE 基础设施中汇总 AMCR-PAS 数据而得以实现。总之,这篇文章强调了 AMCR-PAS 系统的重要性及其在促进了解该国丰富考古遗产方面的潜力。文章还探讨了该系统在实际应用中存在的不足和面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Comment on Mints not Mines: a macroscale investigation of Roman silver coinage by J.R. Wood, M. Ponting, and K. Butcher 评《铸币厂而非矿山:罗马银币的宏观研究》,作者:J.R.伍德、M.庞廷和K.布彻
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.11141/ia.61.10.comment
Francis Albarède, Janne Blichert-Toft, Gillan Davis, Liesel Gentelli, Jean Milot, Markos Vaxevanopoulos, Katrin Westner
Wood et al. (2023), hereinafter WPB, unveils a number of historical issues relevant to Roman economy and metallurgy based on trace element and Pb isotope abundance data on a large set of important coins minted during the Roman Empire (Ponting and Butcher 2015). Here, we discuss several points which, in our view, misrepresent the work of other groups, ours included, and bias the overall interpretation of the WPB data set.
Wood等人(2023)(以下简称WPB)根据罗马帝国时期铸造的大量重要硬币的微量元素和Pb同位素丰度数据,揭示了与罗马经济和冶金相关的许多历史问题(Ponting and Butcher 2015)。在这里,我们讨论了一些观点,在我们看来,这些观点歪曲了其他研究小组(包括我们的研究小组)的工作,并对WPB数据集的整体解释产生了偏见。
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引用次数: 0
Response to comment of Albarède and colleagues 对albar<e:1>及其同事评论的回应
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.11141/ia.61.10.response
Jonathan R. Wood, Matthew Ponting, Kevin Butcher
Our purpose is to better understand the actions and behaviours of people in the past, often with a focus on ancient economies, and we are willing to use tools from any discipline that allow us to explore these issues. This is why it is so important that the limitations of techniques applied to archaeology are presented as explicitly as their utility.
我们的目的是更好地理解过去人们的行为和行为,通常关注古代经济,我们愿意使用任何学科的工具来探索这些问题。这就是为什么把技术的局限性和它们的效用一样明确地呈现出来是如此重要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Internet Archaeology
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