In a methodologically exemplary study area in northern Westphalia, it has been possible to identify a cultural landscape that has existed since the Late Neolithic. In this diachronic synopsis, it is evident that the cultural landscape was constituted around a geological phenomenon into a sacred landscape from the Late Neolithic onwards, then persisted for at least three millennia and then became more secular in the Middle Ages. New absolute dating has made it possible to synchronise the changes in the natural environment with changes in the anthropogenic material-cultural traces in the study area. Changes in biodiversity are no longer documented exclusively in the pollen data, but can now also be read from the anthropogenic archaeological relics.
{"title":"Cultural Landscape Change from Late Neolithic to Late Middle Ages in Northern Westphalia. Interplay between the Natural Environment and the Anthropogenic Archaeological Remains","authors":"Leo Klinke","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.9","url":null,"abstract":"In a methodologically exemplary study area in northern Westphalia, it has been possible to identify a cultural landscape that has existed since the Late Neolithic. In this diachronic synopsis, it is evident that the cultural landscape was constituted around a geological phenomenon into a sacred landscape from the Late Neolithic onwards, then persisted for at least three millennia and then became more secular in the Middle Ages. New absolute dating has made it possible to synchronise the changes in the natural environment with changes in the anthropogenic material-cultural traces in the study area. Changes in biodiversity are no longer documented exclusively in the pollen data, but can now also be read from the anthropogenic archaeological relics.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44819785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is a review of specially designated nature protected areas and Stone Age settlements in north-western Latvia, called North Kurzeme. This area was chosen because it has a special environment. It is a culturally and historically important coastal region with diverse protected natural areas, a unique coastal landscape, and important archaeological sites. The article provides information about Moricsala Nature Reserve and Slītere National Park, their management, and about the Stone Age settlements discovered there.
{"title":"Preservation of Archaeological and Natural Values. A Case Study of the North-Western part of Latvia","authors":"Sandra Zirne, Egita Lūsēna","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a review of specially designated nature protected areas and Stone Age settlements in north-western Latvia, called North Kurzeme. This area was chosen because it has a special environment. It is a culturally and historically important coastal region with diverse protected natural areas, a unique coastal landscape, and important archaeological sites. The article provides information about Moricsala Nature Reserve and Slītere National Park, their management, and about the Stone Age settlements discovered there.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46861146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prehistoric lake dwellings around the Alps have been of great interest to researchers and are now part of the UNESCO World Heritage List. These sites offer challenging but favourable building locations around a lake with constantly changing water levels, which likely resulted in a lot of movement from people and nature over time. When water levels rose, these sites were taken over by aquatic plants and animals. But owing to climate change, neozoa and neophytes are spreading quickly into new habitats. It is important to document and monitor these developments in order to understand the extent and potential threat of these species in different areas.
{"title":"Sunken landscapes and settlement areas. On the reconquest of underwater archaeological sites","authors":"Cyril Dworsky","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.5","url":null,"abstract":"Prehistoric lake dwellings around the Alps have been of great interest to researchers and are now part of the UNESCO World Heritage List. These sites offer challenging but favourable building locations around a lake with constantly changing water levels, which likely resulted in a lot of movement from people and nature over time. When water levels rose, these sites were taken over by aquatic plants and animals. But owing to climate change, neozoa and neophytes are spreading quickly into new habitats. It is important to document and monitor these developments in order to understand the extent and potential threat of these species in different areas.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44075510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contributions in this volume were first presented in the stunning venue that is the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, itself a host of some fabulous archaeological exhibits, at a time when strict divisions between cultural heritage management and natural environment management are beginning to dissolve. As states and communities wake up to the need for climate action, how we manage our land, water and ecosystems in an integrated way is profoundly affecting our approaches to archaeology.
{"title":"Archaeology and the Natural Environment. Foreword","authors":"B. Sloane","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.17","url":null,"abstract":"The contributions in this volume were first presented in the stunning venue that is the Museum of Natural History in Vienna, itself a host of some fabulous archaeological exhibits, at a time when strict divisions between cultural heritage management and natural environment management are beginning to dissolve. As states and communities wake up to the need for climate action, how we manage our land, water and ecosystems in an integrated way is profoundly affecting our approaches to archaeology.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41419506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhabited since prehistoric times, Butrint (ancient Buthrotum), has been the site of a Greek colony, a Roman city and a bishopric. Following a period of prosperity under Byzantine administration, then a brief occupation by the Venetians, the city was abandoned in the late Middle Ages after marshes formed in the area. The present archaeological site has remains representing each period in the city's development. Today, Butrint is an Archaeological Park under the patronage of both UNESCO and Natural Park. The ancient city of Butrint is the best example of combining cultural heritage with the elements of the Natural Park. Owing to the changes in climate that have occurred in the last two decades, the archaeological site of Butrint, especially the area of the ancient theatre and Roman forum, are covered by water at times. The implementation of intervention projects for monuments has been inefficient however due to prolonged procedures and the jurisdiction overlap between specialised institutions. Because of this, a new reasonable approach on conservation interventions and archaeological excavations will be taken on some of the monuments at the Archaeological Park of Butrint . These interventions will be regulated by an Integrated Management Plan implemented in 2021, and will include the management of cultural and natural assets. The Management Plan conditions will determine, control and ensure a sustainable and long-term administration of the monuments and the site.
{"title":"Butrint National Park 'Integrated Management Plan' - Combining Natural Park with Cultural Heritage","authors":"Ela Miziri, Mariglen Meshini, Rudina Zoto","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.2","url":null,"abstract":"Inhabited since prehistoric times, Butrint (ancient Buthrotum), has been the site of a Greek colony, a Roman city and a bishopric. Following a period of prosperity under Byzantine administration, then a brief occupation by the Venetians, the city was abandoned in the late Middle Ages after marshes formed in the area. The present archaeological site has remains representing each period in the city's development. Today, Butrint is an Archaeological Park under the patronage of both UNESCO and Natural Park. The ancient city of Butrint is the best example of combining cultural heritage with the elements of the Natural Park. Owing to the changes in climate that have occurred in the last two decades, the archaeological site of Butrint, especially the area of the ancient theatre and Roman forum, are covered by water at times. The implementation of intervention projects for monuments has been inefficient however due to prolonged procedures and the jurisdiction overlap between specialised institutions. Because of this, a new reasonable approach on conservation interventions and archaeological excavations will be taken on some of the monuments at the Archaeological Park of Butrint . These interventions will be regulated by an Integrated Management Plan implemented in 2021, and will include the management of cultural and natural assets. The Management Plan conditions will determine, control and ensure a sustainable and long-term administration of the monuments and the site.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42561326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Funded by the Federal Office for Nature Conservation in close cooperation with Nature Conservation (Rhine-Sieg District) and Cultural Heritage Protection (LVR-State Service for Archaeological Heritage in the Rhineland) , the aim of this project was to conduct a major conservation project according to environmental communication protocols, and the first to be carried out in Germany. The occasion was the establishment of a maintenance and development plan in a major conservation project, scanning more than 10,000 hectares, and their subsequent realisation. The project helped create communication, coordination, and working structures, which were not only expandable but coulf also be applied to other nature conservation projects. In many cases, for their protection, the monument sites are transferred into a sustainable nature and heritage-compatible use during the implementation period using the measures suggested in the care and development plan of the conservation project 'chance 7' in the Rhine-Sieg District. Monuments suitable for presentation are preserved and made accessible to the general public.
{"title":"Reconciling the Protection of Nature and Monuments – A Large-scale Nature Conservation Project Between the Siebengebirge and the Sieg","authors":"Christine Wohlfarth","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.13","url":null,"abstract":"Funded by the Federal Office for Nature Conservation in close cooperation with Nature Conservation (Rhine-Sieg District) and Cultural Heritage Protection (LVR-State Service for Archaeological Heritage in the Rhineland) , the aim of this project was to conduct a major conservation project according to environmental communication protocols, and the first to be carried out in Germany. The occasion was the establishment of a maintenance and development plan in a major conservation project, scanning more than 10,000 hectares, and their subsequent realisation. The project helped create communication, coordination, and working structures, which were not only expandable but coulf also be applied to other nature conservation projects. In many cases, for their protection, the monument sites are transferred into a sustainable nature and heritage-compatible use during the implementation period using the measures suggested in the care and development plan of the conservation project 'chance 7' in the Rhine-Sieg District. Monuments suitable for presentation are preserved and made accessible to the general public.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42597831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The archaeological site 5012-West in the territory of the village of Voditza, Targovishte Region, north-eastern Bulgaria, is interesting because of its features and wide chronological range. From an area of 7000m², a total of 116 structures from various chronological periods have been excavated. However, pits from the Hellenistic Period (late 3rd to early 1st century BC) are most numerous and provide invaluable archaeobotanical evidence on plant subsistence and local vegetation. The archaeobotanical remains have been recovered from flotation samples, collected from pitfills. The archaeobotanical assemblage comprises carbonised remains from several annual cereal crops – hulled and free-threshing wheats, naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum L.), millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and chaff. The weedy flora is represented by annual ruderal and synanthrophic species such as goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.), bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare L.), and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). Based on the discovered plant remains, we can only propose a partial reconstruction of the agricultural practices and local vegetation cover. However, the collection of samples from specific contexts – storage facilities and pits, provided an opportunity to observe the 'secondary environment' of the utilised plant resources and to identify possible depositional processes. Thus, taphonomic and contextual analyses gave us important insights into the behavioural factors that affected the composition of the archaeobotanical assemblage.
{"title":"What's Down the Hole? Archaeobotanical evidence on plant subsistence and vegetation during the Hellenistic period at an archaeological site near Voditza village, north-eastern Bulgaria","authors":"H. Hristova, Kalina Petkova","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.8","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeological site 5012-West in the territory of the village of Voditza, Targovishte Region, north-eastern Bulgaria, is interesting because of its features and wide chronological range. From an area of 7000m², a total of 116 structures from various chronological periods have been excavated. However, pits from the Hellenistic Period (late 3rd to early 1st century BC) are most numerous and provide invaluable archaeobotanical evidence on plant subsistence and local vegetation. The archaeobotanical remains have been recovered from flotation samples, collected from pitfills. The archaeobotanical assemblage comprises carbonised remains from several annual cereal crops – hulled and free-threshing wheats, naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum L.), millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and chaff. The weedy flora is represented by annual ruderal and synanthrophic species such as goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.), bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare L.), and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). Based on the discovered plant remains, we can only propose a partial reconstruction of the agricultural practices and local vegetation cover. However, the collection of samples from specific contexts – storage facilities and pits, provided an opportunity to observe the 'secondary environment' of the utilised plant resources and to identify possible depositional processes. Thus, taphonomic and contextual analyses gave us important insights into the behavioural factors that affected the composition of the archaeobotanical assemblage.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A considerable part of the Czech Republic has been forested with spruce monocultures, which are nowadays at risk of disastrous bark beetle infestation and consequently the destruction of forest stands. Such a development forces us to seek common grounds for landscape conservation and more consistent communication in setting forest management rules. Nevertheless, the trend of rapid deforestation implies a considerable threat to the hitherto unknown but also known archaeological heritage fund. Joint advocacy of the values associated with archaeological sites incorporated within the processes of landscape change assessment constitutes a distinct task aimed at ensuring that such an essential part of the landscape's memory becomes a publicly accepted value.
{"title":"Archaeology and the Natural Environment in the Czech Republic. Recognition, documentation and protection in a time of climate change","authors":"Martin Tomášek, J. Mařík","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.6","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable part of the Czech Republic has been forested with spruce monocultures, which are nowadays at risk of disastrous bark beetle infestation and consequently the destruction of forest stands. Such a development forces us to seek common grounds for landscape conservation and more consistent communication in setting forest management rules. Nevertheless, the trend of rapid deforestation implies a considerable threat to the hitherto unknown but also known archaeological heritage fund. Joint advocacy of the values associated with archaeological sites incorporated within the processes of landscape change assessment constitutes a distinct task aimed at ensuring that such an essential part of the landscape's memory becomes a publicly accepted value.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42059724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to demonstrate how animal remains from archaeological sites can contribute to a better understanding of human impact on the terrestrial and aquatic environment over time. A number of case studies, mainly from Belgium, illustrate the possible effects of deforestation, overhunting, overfishing and water pollution on wildlife. Species extinctions and introductions from the last millennium are also discussed. It is shown how relevant these results are and how they can be communicated to the general public, the wider scientific community and stakeholders.
{"title":"Faunal Remains from Archaeological Sites Document Human Impact on the Terrestrial and Aquatic Environment: examples from the last thousand years in Belgium","authors":"Bea de Cupere, W. Van Neer","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to demonstrate how animal remains from archaeological sites can contribute to a better understanding of human impact on the terrestrial and aquatic environment over time. A number of case studies, mainly from Belgium, illustrate the possible effects of deforestation, overhunting, overfishing and water pollution on wildlife. Species extinctions and introductions from the last millennium are also discussed. It is shown how relevant these results are and how they can be communicated to the general public, the wider scientific community and stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47464705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Sweden, there is a centuries-old tradition of making visible and providing data about a selection of the country's ancient remains through land management and information at these sites. This work has been carried out in different ways, but the purpose has always been to protect, make visible and to inform the public about our cultural heritage. Today this is routine, but at the beginning of the 20th century there were major tensions regarding how cultural heritage should be cared for.
{"title":"Sweden's First Restoration of an Ancient Monument - the burial ground Hemlanden on Birka","authors":"Mattias Schönbeck","doi":"10.11141/ia.62.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.62.4","url":null,"abstract":"In Sweden, there is a centuries-old tradition of making visible and providing data about a selection of the country's ancient remains through land management and information at these sites. This work has been carried out in different ways, but the purpose has always been to protect, make visible and to inform the public about our cultural heritage. Today this is routine, but at the beginning of the 20th century there were major tensions regarding how cultural heritage should be cared for.","PeriodicalId":38724,"journal":{"name":"Internet Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47328377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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