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Antecedents of Employees' Ethical Behavior in Pakistan: The Role of Personality Traits, Morality, and Organizational Support. 巴基斯坦员工道德行为的前因:人格特质、道德和组织支持的作用。
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3757845
Hareem Hanif, D. Siddiqui
Firms in a highly competitive environment, to improve productivity, put pressure on employees making them feel insecure about their job, prompting them to behave unethically to protect their jobs. Here employees’ ethicality crucially depends upon their personality traits, moral values, and well as organizational support. However, the bigger challenge is to know how these factors affect ethical behavior. For this, we propose a theoretical framework, thereby modifying Jino & Dyaram (2019) to include the big five personality traits. We hypothesize that Perceived organizational Support, internalized moral identity, as well as Personality traits (Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience), affect ownership of moral actions, and that sense of ownership, in turn, make employees behave ethically. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 360 employees working in the different organization of Karachi and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results showed that perceived organization support and Conscientiousness, and Internalized Moral Identity have a positive and significant impact on both ethical behavior and moral ownership. Whereas Neuroticism negatively affected both. Moral Ownership also seems to have a positive effect on ethical behavior. Hence Moral Ownership positively mediates the impact of Conscientiousness, Internalized Moral Identity, and Perceived Organizational Support, on Ethical behavior, whereas negatively mediate Neuroticism and Ethical behavior relationship. Thus, this research will add to the literature on ethical conduct, worker development, and psychology.
企业在高度竞争的环境中,为了提高生产率,对员工施加压力,使他们对自己的工作感到不安全,促使他们做出不道德的行为来保护自己的工作。在这里,员工的道德观在很大程度上取决于他们的人格特质、道德价值观以及组织的支持。然而,更大的挑战是了解这些因素如何影响道德行为。为此,我们提出了一个理论框架,从而修改了Jino &Dyaram(2019)将五大人格特征包括在内。我们假设,感知组织支持、内化道德认同以及人格特质(宜人性、神经质、尽责性、外向性和经验开放性)会影响道德行为的所有权,而所有权感反过来又会使员工的行为合乎道德。实证效度是通过封闭式问卷调查建立的。数据收集自在卡拉奇不同机构工作的360名员工,并使用验证性因子分析和结构方程模型进行分析。结果表明,组织支持感、责任心和内化道德认同对道德行为和道德所有权均有显著的正向影响。而神经质对两者都有负面影响。道德所有权似乎对道德行为也有积极影响。因此,道德所有权在尽责性、内化道德认同和组织支持感知对伦理行为的影响中具有正向中介作用,而在神经质和伦理行为关系中具有负向中介作用。因此,这项研究将增加伦理行为、工人发展和心理学方面的文献。
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引用次数: 1
Social Dialogue of Employer and Employees in Poland 波兰雇主和雇员的社会对话
Pub Date : 2019-02-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3409354
Aneta Giedrewicz-Niewińska, Anna Piszcz
The aim of this paper is to investigate the (potential) impact of social dialogue on the operation of enterprises, mainly on the basis of legal provisions accompanied by practical evidence drawn from case law. This publication starts with the general context of social dialogue in the Polish legal culture. In this regard, it shows how social dialogue is defined and, in addition, it provides an overview of legal bases for social dialogue under the national rules and regulations. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. It continues with the presentation of legal solutions regarding complex relations between various representatives of employees. In short, it explains certain aspects of the right to freedom of association. Furthermore, the article presents the special protection of employment relationship durability of employees’ representatives (as it has become a recognised field of research and scholarly enquiry) and the challenges in this area. The paper concludes with a short summary.
本文的目的是研究社会对话对企业经营的(潜在)影响,主要以法律规定为基础,并辅以判例法的实践证据。本出版物从波兰法律文化中社会对话的一般背景开始。在这方面,它说明了社会对话是如何定义的,此外,它还概述了国家规章制度下社会对话的法律依据。本文的其余部分结构如下。它继续就各种雇员代表之间的复杂关系提出法律解决办法。简而言之,它解释了结社自由权的某些方面。此外,文章还介绍了对雇员代表的雇佣关系持久性的特殊保护(因为它已成为一个公认的研究和学术探究领域)以及该领域的挑战。这篇论文以一个简短的总结作结。
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引用次数: 2
I Am One of Them: Examining Crisis Communication from an Intergroup Communication Approach 我也是其中之一:从群体间沟通的角度审视危机沟通
Pub Date : 2018-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12232
Liang Ma
This study took an intergroup communication approach and examined how two types of social identities, namely organizational identity and shared ethnic identity with the victim, affect publics’ reactions to a crisis. Data collected via a quasi‐experiment showed that organizational identity affects publics’ reactions, such that internal publics perceive the organization more positively and have less negative word‐of‐mouth intention. Internal publics feel guilty even if they are not personally responsible for the crisis. Publics do not react more negatively when their ethnic ingroup members are accidentally victimized. Organizations should mitigate the internal publics’ anger and guilt and also clarify that the crisis is nonethnicity‐related when the victims happen to be ethnic minorities to avoid any misunderstanding of victims’ ethnic ingroup members.
本研究采用了群体间沟通的方法,并研究了两种类型的社会身份,即组织身份和与受害者共享的种族身份,如何影响公众’对危机的反应。通过准实验收集的数据表明,组织身份会影响公众。反应,这样的内部公众对组织的看法更积极,有更少的负面言语‐‐口意向。国内公众感到内疚,即使他们个人对危机没有责任。当他们的种族内部成员意外受害时,公众的反应并不会更消极。组织应该减轻内部公众的压力’愤怒和内疚,并澄清危机与种族有关,当受害者恰好是少数民族时,以避免对受害者的任何误解’族群成员。
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引用次数: 11
Organizational Communication; A Conceptual Framework 组织沟通;概念框架
Pub Date : 2018-05-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3171979
Widodo Winarso
Communication is a very important skill in human life, where we can see communication can occur in every human step. Humans are social beings who depend on each other and are independent and interrelated with others in their environment. The only means to be able to connect with others in their environment is communication both verbally and non-verbally (body language and cues are widely understood). Communication is one important thing to support the success of the organization both in improving organizational performance and organizational adaptation to any changes in the existing environment. Through good communication between individuals and parties directly involved in organizations and outside the organization, organizations can obtain the necessary information.
沟通是人类生活中非常重要的一项技能,我们可以看到沟通可以发生在人类的每一步。人类是相互依赖的社会生物,在他们的环境中与他人相互独立、相互联系。在他们的环境中与他人联系的唯一方法是口头和非口头交流(肢体语言和暗示被广泛理解)。沟通是支持组织在提高组织绩效和组织适应现有环境中的任何变化方面取得成功的重要因素。通过组织内部和组织外部直接参与的个人和各方之间的良好沟通,组织可以获得必要的信息。
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引用次数: 8
The Correlation between the Injuries at Work of the Construction Workers and the Capability of the Construction Workers of High-Rise Buildings in Thailand 泰国建筑工人工伤与高层建筑工人能力的相关性研究
Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2970863
Vichian Puncreobutr, Vipa Pengsa-ium, Jitrapun Pusapukdepop
This Research has the objective of studying the cause of injuries at work of the construction workers of high-rice building. Injury characteristic, severity of the injury, damage caused by the injuries at work of the construction workers, the capability of the high-rise construction workers and to study the correlation between the injuries at work of the construction workers and the capability of the high-rise building construction workers in Thailand. The researcher did the research as a mix research, studied as a qualitative research and quantitative research. Tools used in qualitative research is by recording form of non-participation observation, recording form of participated observation and recording of in-depth interviews. Tools used in the quantitative research are the questionnaires the researcher set up. The researcher collected the information for this research during October 2016-March 2017. It is found from the research that 1) The cause from injuries at work of the construction workers of high-rise buildings consisted of Man, machinery and equipment, environment and safety management 2) Injury characteristic of the construction workers of high-rise buildings are: skin injury, respiratory injury, sight and eye injuries, hearing, muscular injury and skeleton injury 3) The severity of the injuries consisted of death, disabled, loss of organs, dismemberment, more than 3 days leave of absence, less than 3 days leave of absence 4) Damage and loss caused by the injuries of the construction workers of high-rise buildings consisted of: Being charged and prosecuted of the criminal case, having to pay compensation and hospital charges, loss of spirit, dishearten, loss of confident, the work is delayed over the planned schedule. 5) The task demand factors of the construction workers are, work design, task factor, environmental factor, work behavior factor 6) Capability of the construction workers consisted of competency, human factor, attention factors, supervision, monitoring and inspection 7) The injuries of the construction workers have a high level of correlation with the capability of the construction workers of high-rise buildings in Thailand with statistic significant at .01, correlation coefficient at .762.
本研究的目的是研究高层建筑施工人员的工伤原因。从泰国建筑工人的工伤特征、工伤严重程度、工伤造成的损害、高层建筑工人的工作能力等方面研究建筑工人工伤与高层建筑工人工作能力之间的关系。研究人员将研究作为一种混合研究,研究了定性研究和定量研究。定性研究使用的工具有非参与观察记录形式、参与观察记录形式和深度访谈记录形式。定量研究中使用的工具是研究者设置的问卷。研究人员在2016年10月至2017年3月期间收集了这项研究的信息。研究发现:(1)高层建筑施工人员工伤的原因包括人、机械设备、环境和安全管理;(2)高层建筑施工人员的工伤特点有:皮肤损伤、呼吸损伤、视力损伤、听力损伤、肌肉损伤和骨骼损伤3)损伤的严重程度包括死亡、残疾、器官损失、肢解、3天以上的休假和3天以下的休假4)高层建筑建筑工人受伤造成的损害和损失包括:由于受到刑事案件的指控和起诉,必须支付赔偿和住院费,精神不振,灰心丧气,失去信心,工作比原计划推迟。5)建筑工人的任务需求因素有:工作设计因素、任务因素、环境因素、工作行为因素;6)建筑工人的能力包括胜任力因素、人为因素、注意因素、监督、监测和检查因素;7)建筑工人的伤害与泰国高层建筑建筑工人的能力具有高度的相关性,统计显著性为0.01,相关系数为0.762。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Competence, Leadership and Organizational Culture Toward Organization Commitment and Performance of Civil Servants on the Regional Office of Ministry of Religious Affairs in the Province of the West Sulawesi 胜任力、领导力和组织文化对公务员组织承诺和绩效的影响——西苏拉威西省宗教事务部区域办事处研究
Pub Date : 2016-12-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2888812
M. Faisal
The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the Influence of competencies, leadership and organizational culture toward Organizational Commitment and civil servants Performance at the Regional Offices of Ministry of Religious Affairs in The Province of The West Sulawesi. The population in this study are all civil servants in the Ministry of Religious Affairs Regional Office of West Sulawesi province who totaling 789 civil servants. Sampling technique using stratified random sampling technique. Stratified Random Sampling between two groups appears the strata or levels. The samples in this study were 265 respondents. Analysis model used in this research is descriptive quantitative and Structural Equation Model (SEM) using AMOS program. The results of this study indicate that the competence having an affect significantly and positive toward commitment, leadership, and organizations culture. Leadership, organizations competence and cultural do not affect significantly toward on civil servants performance. Organizational commitment effects significantly and positively toward civil servants performance. Competence affects significantly toward performance through the mediation of organizational commitment. Leadership significant effect on performance through organizational commitment. Organizational culture affects significantly toward performance through organizational commitment.
本研究的目的是调查和分析西苏拉威西省宗教事务部区域办事处的能力、领导能力和组织文化对组织承诺和公务员绩效的影响。本研究的人口均为西苏拉威西省宗教事务局区域办公室的公务员,共计789名公务员。抽样技术采用分层随机抽样技术。两组之间的分层随机抽样显示为分层或水平。本研究的样本为265名受访者。本研究采用的分析模型是描述性定量的结构方程模型(SEM)。本研究结果显示胜任力对承诺、领导、组织文化有显著正向影响。领导能力、组织能力和文化对公务员绩效的影响不显著。组织承诺对公务员绩效有显著的正向影响。胜任力通过组织承诺的中介作用显著影响绩效。领导通过组织承诺对绩效有显著影响。组织文化通过组织承诺对绩效有显著影响。
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引用次数: 3
Social Media Definition and the Governance Challenge: An Introduction to the Special Issue 社会媒体定义与治理挑战:特刊导论
Pub Date : 2015-07-22 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2647377
Jonathan A. Obar, S. Wildman
This introduction to a special issue of "Telecommunications Policy" entitled "The Governance of Social Media" begins with a definition of social media that informs all contributions in the special issue. A section describing the challenges associated with the governance of social media is presented next, followed by an overview of the various articles included in the special issue.While the Internet and the World Wide Web have always been used to facilitate social interaction, the emergence and rapid diffusion of Web 2.0 functionalities during the first decade of the new millennium enabled an evolutionary leap forward in the social component of web use. This and falling costs for online data storage made it feasible for the first time to offer masses of Internet users access to an array of user-centric spaces they could populate with user-generated content, along with a correspondingly diverse set of opportunities for linking these spaces together to form virtual social networks.To define “social media” for our current purposes, we synthesize definitions presented in the literature and identify the following commonalities among current social media services:1) Social media services are (currently) Web 2.0 Internet-based applications,2) User-generated content is the lifeblood of social media,3) Individuals and groups create user-specific profiles for a site or app designed and maintained by a social media service,4) Social media services facilitate the development of social networks online by connecting a profile with those of other individuals and/or groups.Transformative communication technologies have always called for regulatory innovation. Theodor Vail’s vision of “one policy, one system, universal service” preceded more than one-hundred years of innovative regulations aimed at connecting all Americans to a single telephone network. The sinking of the Titanic, caused in part by “chaos in the spectrum” led to the Radio Act of 1912 and the creation of a command and control model designed to regulate broadcast radio. Safe-harbor hours were put in place after a father and son heard George Carlin’s “seven dirty words” routine over the radio in their car. The fairness doctrine and the minority tax certificate program were designed to address inequalities in the broadcast television industry. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act responded to intellectual property concerns raised by a global Internet and the FCC’s 700mhz auction was the result of demand for smarter mobile phones. Now we must consider the role of regulatory innovation in response to the emergence of social media.
本期《电信政策》特刊题为“社会媒体的治理”的介绍从社会媒体的定义开始,该定义为本期特刊的所有投稿提供了信息。接下来将介绍与社会媒体治理相关的挑战,然后概述特刊中包含的各种文章。虽然互联网和万维网一直被用来促进社会互动,但在新千年的第一个十年里,Web 2.0功能的出现和迅速扩散使网络使用的社会成分实现了进化的飞跃。这一点加上在线数据存储成本的下降,首次使大量互联网用户能够访问一系列以用户为中心的空间,他们可以用用户生成的内容填充这些空间,同时也为将这些空间连接在一起形成虚拟社交网络提供了相应的多种机会。为了给“社交媒体”下定义,我们综合了文献中提出的定义,并确定了当前社交媒体服务的以下共性:1)社交媒体服务(目前)是基于Web 2.0的互联网应用程序,2)用户生成的内容是社交媒体的命脉,3)个人和团体为社交媒体服务设计和维护的网站或应用程序创建特定于用户的个人资料,4)社交媒体服务通过将个人资料与网络连接起来,促进了在线社交网络的发展其他个人和/或团体的信息。变革性通信技术一直要求监管创新。西奥多·韦尔(Theodor Vail)提出的“一项政策,一种制度,普遍服务”的愿景早于100多年来旨在将所有美国人连接到单一电话网络的创新法规。泰坦尼克号沉没的部分原因是“频谱混乱”,这导致了1912年《无线电法案》的出台,并创建了一个旨在规范广播无线电的指挥和控制模型。一对父子在车里从收音机里听到乔治·卡林的“七个脏话”后,设立了“安全港时间”。公平原则和少数族裔税收证明计划旨在解决广播电视行业的不平等问题。数字千年版权法案回应了全球互联网对知识产权的担忧,而联邦通信委员会的700mhz拍卖是对智能手机需求的结果。现在,我们必须考虑监管创新在应对社交媒体出现中的作用。
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引用次数: 650
Advancing Knowledge Creation Modelling Through Improved Organizational Communications 通过改进组织沟通推进知识创造模型
Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2632603
Jeffrey S. Ray
The basis of competition in today’s marketplace is changing from one based on human labor, to one where the principle source of value creation is an organization’s knowledge, and the organization’s ability to rapidly acquire new knowledge through learning. The rise of the knowledge economy in today’s marketplace is an indicator these changes are occurring. Businesses, for example, collected more customer information in 2010, than in all prior years combined. The amount of corporate data being collected is said to be doubling every six months. Researchers are reporting that the huge increase in the amount and availability of information is causing an information overload condition. Organizations have to counter information overload by improving how they use information to learn, and also improving how they translate and manage the knowledge obtained from learning. A large part of organizational learning involves knowledge conversion modes or processes that transform knowledge states between an individual and group focus, and between tacit and explicit forms, as the organization’s core knowledge levels evolve iteratively to increasingly refined levels of accumulated base knowledge. Such knowledge conversion, and the organizational learning that accompanies it, rely on effective communications within the organization. Based on research data collected through personal interviews of industry representatives, this dissertation recommends steps that businesses can take to make their organizational learning more efficient through improved communication practices, and thereby achieve better firm performance. The recommendations are identified by comparing how a firm should communicate to learn (as guided by the elements proffered in Ikujiro Nonaka’s organizational learning model), and then assessing whether the firm has the communications and messaging capabilities in place to implement the model. Any gaps in capabilities required to implement the organizational learning model were made the basis of recommendations to fill the gaps by constructing a new enhanced learning model.
当今市场竞争的基础正在从以人类劳动为基础转变为以组织的知识以及组织通过学习迅速获取新知识的能力为主要价值创造来源。知识经济在当今市场的崛起就是这些变化正在发生的一个标志。例如,企业在2010年收集的客户信息比之前所有年份的总和还要多。据说,被收集的企业数据每6个月就会翻一番。研究人员报告说,信息量和可用性的巨大增加正在导致信息过载。组织必须通过改进他们如何使用信息来学习,以及改进他们如何翻译和管理从学习中获得的知识来应对信息过载。组织学习的很大一部分涉及知识转换模式或过程,这些模式或过程在个人和团队焦点之间,以及在隐性和显性形式之间转换知识状态,因为组织的核心知识水平迭代地演变为积累的基础知识的日益精炼的水平。这种知识转换以及随之而来的组织学习依赖于组织内部的有效沟通。基于对行业代表的个人访谈收集的研究数据,本文建议企业可以采取的步骤,通过改进沟通实践,使他们的组织学习更有效,从而实现更好的企业绩效。这些建议是通过比较公司应该如何沟通来学习(在野中郁次郎的组织学习模型中提供的要素的指导下),然后评估公司是否具备实施该模型的沟通和消息传递能力来确定的。实施组织学习模型所需的任何能力差距都是通过构建新的增强学习模型来填补差距的建议的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Multi Source Feedback Among Physicians, is it Effective? A Rapid Evidence Assessment 医师多源反馈是否有效?快速证据评估
Pub Date : 2014-09-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2553352
Yu Lin Rombout, M. Bosman
The board of directors of two Dutch hospitals asked the authors to research the available evidence regarding the ‘effectiveness of Multi Source Feedback (MSF) among physicians in hospitals in order to increase performance improvement’. To answer this, the authors ran a systematic review using the Rapid Evidence Assessment methodology. This paper presents the available research evaluating the effectiveness of MSF and variables that are expected to have an impact on the effectiveness of MSF among physicians.
两家荷兰医院的董事会要求作者研究关于“医院医生中多源反馈(MSF)的有效性,以提高绩效”的现有证据。为了回答这个问题,作者使用快速证据评估方法进行了系统评价。本文介绍了现有的研究评估的有效性无国界医生和变量,预计有影响的有效性无国界医生在医生。
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引用次数: 0
Internal Client Satisfaction and Adding Value in the Hospitality Industry: The Case of Tunisia 酒店行业内部客户满意度与增值:突尼斯案例
Pub Date : 2014-08-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2479449
T. Abdellatif, Norchène Ben Dahmane Mouelhi, Salma Zneidi
In order to have a better attitude toward customers and to be able to deliver a better service, companies have to ensure that their internal customers are satisfied (Heskett et al., 1994). In this research, the focus is on identifying the relation between internal marketing and value creation in hotels, in order to have a better understanding of internal customers’ motivations in value creation. Internal customer satisfaction is validated as a vector of social stability. To identify the explicit and implicit expectations of internal customers, a survey method based on the cognitive approach is adopted. Our work shows that the performance of the company is closely related to internal customers’ satisfaction and is can have a big impact on adding value in the hospitality industry.
为了对客户有更好的态度,并能够提供更好的服务,公司必须确保他们的内部客户是满意的(Heskett等人,1994)。在本研究中,重点是识别酒店内部营销与价值创造之间的关系,以便更好地了解内部客户在价值创造方面的动机。内部客户满意度被验证为社会稳定的一个矢量。为了识别内部顾客的显性和隐性期望,采用了基于认知方法的调查方法。我们的研究表明,公司的业绩与内部客户的满意度密切相关,这对酒店业的附加值有很大的影响。
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引用次数: 1
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Internal Communications & Organizational Behavior eJournal
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