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2012 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings最新文献

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An innovative method for determining the junction temperature of a photovoltaic cell 一种测定光伏电池结温的创新方法
C. R. Jeevan Doss, M. Kumaravel, B. George, V. Jagadeesh Kumar
An innovative method for determining the junction temperature TJ as a function of the cell voltage V of a photovoltaic (PV) cell for varying operating power levels at pre-determined values of irradiation levels is presented. Since the junction of a PV cell that is in operation is inaccessible for obtaining a measure of TJ, a novel indirect temperature measurement method suitable for determining the TJ is proposed in this paper. The electronically controllable load required to establish different operating power levels for obtaining the TJ - V characteristic of a photovoltaic (PV) cell is implemented with a MOSFET, suitably controlled to act as a variable load resistor. Microcontroller based hardware with associated software were developed to automate the entire measurement process. Results obtained from a prototype TJ - V measurement unit built and tested establish the efficacy of the proposed method.
提出了一种新颖的方法,用于确定在预先确定的辐照水平下不同工作功率水平下光伏电池的结温TJ作为电池电压V的函数。由于光伏电池在工作状态下无法到达其连接处测量TJ,本文提出了一种适合于测量TJ的间接测温方法。为了获得光伏电池的TJ - V特性,建立不同工作功率水平所需的电子可控负载是用MOSFET实现的,适当地控制作为可变负载电阻。开发了基于微控制器的硬件和相关软件,以实现整个测量过程的自动化。从一个原型TJ - V测量单元得到的测试结果证实了所提出方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 5
A monitoring system for the use of solar energy in electric and hybrid electric vehicles 一种在电动和混合动力汽车中使用太阳能的监测系统
C. Schuss, B. Eichberger, T. Rahkonen
In this paper we propose the use of a monitoring system to enhance the degree of efficiency of photovoltaics. We discuss electric vehicles (EVs) as well as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as potential target applications. For these kinds of vehicles we evaluate different connection opportunities for photovoltaics within an on-board power supply. Furthermore, we present a novel connection opportunity to avoid disadvantages from other approaches. We illustrate how our monitoring system responds to changing solar radiation conditions thereby selecting suitable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies. Additionally, we increase the degree of efficiency by disconnecting shadowed photovoltaic (PV) cells from unshadowed PV cells. Moreover, predictions on the energy output of the PV installation are provided as helpful information to the driver.
在本文中,我们建议使用一个监测系统来提高光伏发电的效率程度。我们讨论了电动汽车(ev)和混合动力汽车(hev)作为潜在的目标应用。对于这些类型的车辆,我们评估了车载电源中光伏电池的不同连接机会。此外,我们提出了一种新的连接机会,以避免其他方法的缺点。我们说明了我们的监测系统如何响应不断变化的太阳辐射条件,从而选择合适的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)策略。此外,我们通过将有阴影的光伏(PV)电池与无阴影的光伏电池分离来提高效率。此外,对PV装置的能量输出的预测作为有用的信息提供给驾驶员。
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引用次数: 15
Ultrasonic NDE in a reactor core with an AlN transducer 带AlN换能器的反应堆堆芯超声波无损检测
D. Parks, B. Tittmann
In radiation environments ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation has great potential for improving reactor safety and furthering the understanding of radiation effects and materials. In both nuclear power plants and materials test reactors, elevated temperatures and high levels of radiation present challenges to ultrasonic NDE methodologies. The challenges are primarily due to the degradation of the ultrasonic sensors utilized. We present results from the operation of an ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer, composed of bulk single crystal AlN, in a nuclear reactor core for over 120 MWHrs. The transducer was coupled to an aluminum cylinder and operated in pulse echo mode throughout the irradiation. In addition to the pulse echo testing impedance data was obtained. Further, the piezoelectric coefficient d33 was measured prior to irradiation and found to be 5.5 pC/N which is unchanged from as-grown samples, and in fact higher than the measured d33 for many as-grown samples.
在辐射环境下,超声无损评价在提高反应堆安全性和加深对辐射效应和材料的认识方面具有很大的潜力。在核电站和材料试验堆中,高温和高水平的辐射对超声波无损检测方法提出了挑战。这些挑战主要是由于所使用的超声波传感器的退化。我们介绍了由块状单晶AlN组成的超声压电换能器在核反应堆堆芯中超过120兆瓦时的工作结果。换能器被耦合到一个铝筒上,并在整个辐照过程中以脉冲回波模式工作。在脉冲回波测试的基础上,获得了阻抗数据。此外,在辐照前测量了压电系数d33,发现其为5.5 pC/N,与生长样品没有变化,实际上高于许多生长样品的测量值d33。
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引用次数: 1
Wavelet based methods for speckle reduction in ultrasound images 基于小波的超声图像斑点去除方法
G. Andria, F. Attivissimo, A. Lanzolla, M. Savino
The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of different noise reduction filters on ultrasound images. In particular two denoising filters based on thresholding and wavelet coefficients are proposed. Simulation results show that the techniques developed increase the image quality and then allow a more accurate diagnosis.
本研究的目的是评估不同的降噪滤波器对超声图像的影响。特别提出了两种基于阈值和小波系数的去噪滤波器。仿真结果表明,所开发的技术提高了图像质量,从而使诊断更加准确。
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引用次数: 4
A WiFi based smart wireless sensor network for monitoring an agricultural environment 基于WiFi的智能无线传感器网络,用于监测农业环境
Gerard Rudolph Mendez, M. A. Yunus, S. Mukhopadhyay
This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. The ability to document and detail changes in parameters of interest has become increasingly valuable. Investigations were performed for a remote monitoring system using WiFi, where the wireless sensor nodes are based on WSN802G modules. These nodes send data wirelessly to a central server, which collects the data, stores it and allows it to be analyzed and displayed as needed.
本文报道了农业环境下智能无线传感器网络(WSN)的设计与开发。监测农业环境的各种因素,如温度和湿度以及其他因素可能是有意义的。记录和详细说明感兴趣的参数变化的能力变得越来越有价值。对使用WiFi的远程监控系统进行了调查,其中无线传感器节点基于WSN802G模块。这些节点以无线方式将数据发送到中央服务器,中央服务器收集数据,存储数据,并根据需要对其进行分析和显示。
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引用次数: 76
Trade-off between the control bandwidth and the measurement accuracy in Atomic Force Microscopy 原子力显微镜中控制带宽与测量精度的权衡
S. Kuiper, P. V. D. Van den Hof, G. Schitter
In Atomic Force Microscopy the force between the tip and the sample is controlled in a feedback loop in order to prevent damage to the tip and the sample during scanning, and also to convert the force measurement into an estimate of the sample topography. In this paper it is experimentally shown that within the design of the control system a direct trade-off has to be made between the bandwidth of the feedback loop and the accuracy of the topography estimation due to the dynamical uncertainty of the systems. Several method are suggested to reduce the dynamical uncertainty of the imaging system to allow both faster and more accurate AFM imaging. Moreover, a method is discussed and experimentally validated to compensate for the loss in imaging accuracy due to the hysteresis within the piezoelectric actuators.
在原子力显微镜中,尖端和样品之间的力被控制在一个反馈回路中,以防止扫描过程中尖端和样品的损坏,并且还将力测量转换为样品形貌的估计。在本文中,实验表明,在控制系统的设计中,由于系统的动态不确定性,必须在反馈环路的带宽和地形估计的精度之间进行直接权衡。提出了几种降低成像系统动态不确定性的方法,以实现更快、更准确的AFM成像。此外,讨论并实验验证了一种补偿压电致动器内部迟滞所造成的成像精度损失的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Evidence theory and data fusion application for wind speed measurement 风速测量的证据理论与数据融合应用
J. Villanueva, R. Tanscheit, S. Catunda, R. Freire
In this work, a wind speed measurement model based on Evidence Theory and Data Fusion of the time-of-flight (ToF) information is presented. The fusion is obtained through threshold detection (TH) and phase difference (PD) techniques For this purpose, the evidence theory using fuzzy set theory and interval analysis has been successfully used to represent (from random-fuzzy variables - RFV) and assessment the uncertainty ToF measurement. A data fusion method is presented based on the concept of relations of compatibility and OWA operators with partial aggregation to the variables being fused. Simulation results are presented to several measured values using the TH and PD techniques.
本文提出了一种基于证据理论和飞行时间信息数据融合的风速测量模型。为此,利用模糊集理论和区间分析相结合的证据理论,成功地对ToF测量的不确定度进行了表征和评估。提出了一种基于兼容性和OWA算子关系的数据融合方法,并对被融合的变量进行部分聚合。利用TH和PD技术对几个测量值进行了仿真。
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引用次数: 3
Versatile infrared gas measurement system with tunable microstructured Fabry-Pérot Filter 多功能红外气体测量系统,可调谐微结构法布里-普氏滤波器
K. Kuhn, M. Siegwart, E. Pignanelli, T. Sauerwald, A. Schutze
Based on the combination of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) transmission and photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy (PAS) measurements, the detection of multiple gases and their mixtures was investigated using an integrated, microstructured Fabry-Pérot Filter (FPF). The proposed versatile system can be utilized as IR spectrometer for a wide range of gas concentrations using IR transmission spectroscopy (IRTS) measurements for high concentrations and PAS for low concentrations. The system is based on low cost components: a thermopile detector for the IRTS signal, condenser microphones for the PAS signal and a microstructured IR source. The source is modulated electrically with a frequency in the range of 1 to 10 Hz, i.e. using a nonresonant operating mode of the gas chamber. The investigated, commercially available FPF allows the analysis of gases with gas specific absorption bands between 3.9 and 5.0 μm. Our IRTS system, therefore, can be adapted for many application scenarios in which two or more gases have to be detected over a wide concentration range. One example is the isotope specific detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the urea breath test.
基于非色散红外(NDIR)传输和光声吸收光谱(PAS)测量相结合的方法,研究了一种集成的微结构法布里-帕姆罗滤波器(FPF)对多种气体及其混合物的检测。所提出的多功能系统可以用作红外光谱仪,用于广泛的气体浓度,使用红外透射光谱(IRTS)测量高浓度和PAS测量低浓度。该系统是基于低成本的组件:热电堆探测器的红外辐射信号,电容麦克风的PAS信号和微结构红外源。该源以1至10赫兹的频率进行电调制,即使用毒气室的非谐振工作模式。所研究的商用FPF可以分析3.9 ~ 5.0 μm之间的气体吸收谱带。因此,我们的IRTS系统可以适应许多应用场景,在这些场景中,必须在很宽的浓度范围内检测两种或多种气体。一个例子是尿素呼吸测试中二氧化碳(CO2)的同位素特异性检测。
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引用次数: 11
A cross-layer approach to design an Internet Protocol Packet Delay Variation estimator for video streaming services 一种跨层方法设计视频流服务的互联网协议包延迟变化估计器
L. Angrisani, D. Capriglione, L. Ferrigno, G. Miele
Measurement of Internet Protocol Packet Delay Variation (IPDV) is a relevant issue in application involving real time video streaming. Generally, this quantity is compared with predefined thresholds (whose value depends upon the application requirements) to verify the quality of service to the end user. However, the exceeding of this threshold only for short time intervals and with relatively low repetition rates, generally does not imply a significant decrease of the user perceived quality. Vice-versa, IPDV values not exceeding the admitted threshold but very close to this value for long time intervals and characterized by relatively high repetition rates can significantly affect the user perceived quality. Consequently, a study of the correlation among the measured IPDV values and some performance metrics directly related to the quality perceived by the user has to be accurately investigated. On the other hand, literature concerning with IPDV evaluation does not provide some important information about the measurement procedure, such as measurement rate, how to collect the obtained result in a single estimator, the time interval on which the estimator is evaluated, and so on. Consequently, the absence of these important aspects about the measurement procedure makes very critical the comparison between the evaluated IPDV and the above-mentioned thresholds, thus making even more ambiguous the evaluation of the quality of service to the end user. In this framework, the aim of the paper is to design and fine tune an IPDV estimator able to reliably estimate and detect the objective service degradation from the user perspective.
IPDV (Internet Protocol Packet Delay Variation)的测量是实时视频流应用中的一个相关问题。通常,将此数量与预定义的阈值(其值取决于应用程序需求)进行比较,以验证对最终用户的服务质量。然而,仅仅在较短的时间间隔和相对较低的重复率下超过这个阈值,通常并不意味着用户感知质量的显著下降。反之,如果IPDV值不超过允许的阈值,但在很长一段时间间隔内非常接近该值,并且具有相对较高的重复率,则会显著影响用户感知的质量。因此,必须对测量的IPDV值与与用户感知的质量直接相关的一些性能指标之间的相关性进行研究。另一方面,关于IPDV评估的文献没有提供一些关于测量过程的重要信息,如测量速率、如何在单个估计器中收集得到的结果、评估估计器的时间间隔等。因此,测量过程中这些重要方面的缺失使得评估的IPDV与上述阈值之间的比较变得非常关键,从而使得对最终用户服务质量的评估更加模糊。在这个框架中,本文的目的是设计和微调一个能够从用户角度可靠地估计和检测客观服务退化的IPDV估计器。
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引用次数: 5
Telemanipulation over wide-area internet communication networks With time varying delay 具有时变延迟的广域因特网通信网络的远程操作
S. Islam, P. Liu, A. El Saddik
This paper presents delay dependent teleoperation strategy over wide-area communication network under symmetric and asymmetric time varying transmission delay. The local and remote device is coupled by delayed position and adaptive impedance reflection of the remote slave-environment's interaction force. Local nonlinear adaptive terms for both master-slaves are deployed to estimate uncertain parameter of the gravity loading vector. An adaptive impedance force-reflection algorithm is designed for slave device to estimate the remote impedance characteristics of the interaction force between slave and remote task environment. The on-line estimated remote slave-environment's characteristics are then transmitted back to the master device via using communication channels in order to reproduce remote slave-environment's interaction force at the human operator hand. Lyapunov-Krasovskii-like functional is employed to derive stability condition for the coupled master-slave teleoperators. Finally, simulation is conducted to demonstrate the validity of the proposed design for real-time applications.
研究了广域通信网络中对称时变传输时延和非对称时变传输时延下的时延依赖远程操作策略。本端和远端设备通过延时位置和远端从环境相互作用力的自适应阻抗反射进行耦合。利用主从系统的局部非线性自适应项来估计重力载荷矢量的不确定参数。设计了一种自适应阻抗力反射算法,用于估计从机与远程任务环境之间相互作用力的远程阻抗特性。然后利用通信信道将在线估计的远程从机环境的特征传输回主设备,以再现远程从机环境在操作人员手上的作用力。利用类lyapunov - krasovskii泛函导出了耦合主从远程操作者的稳定性条件。最后,通过仿真验证了所提设计在实时应用中的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2012 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings
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