Wheat is one of the major sources of protein worldwide. Its hexaploidy significantly complicates the identification of genes that may be crucial for improving wheat production to meet the challenges of an increased world population and climate change. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) using Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-based constructs has proven to be a very useful tool in the analysis of gene function in the hexaploid plant, wheat. However, most published applications of this technique focus on phenotypes that can be observed in the leaves of wheat. A few studies have reported successful VIGS in the spikes of wheat, but this has proven to be more difficult than the seedling leaf assays. This study reports a time course analysis of the movement of BSMV from the site of inoculation into the meristematic region of wheat. It also describes how the photobleaching phenotype resulting from silencing phytoene desaturase (PDS), which is often used as a reporter for VIGS, does not indicate the full extent of where VIGS occurs, and this can mislead scientists as they design silencing studies. These findings provide guidance for more effective VIGS studies to determine the function of genes expressed in the spikes of wheat and may be important for wheat improvement.
{"title":"Analysis of the Time Course of the Establishment of Systemic Gene Silencing by Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Wheat","authors":"Anshu Garg, Amanda S. Brandt, Steven R. Scofield","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010011","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is one of the major sources of protein worldwide. Its hexaploidy significantly complicates the identification of genes that may be crucial for improving wheat production to meet the challenges of an increased world population and climate change. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) using Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-based constructs has proven to be a very useful tool in the analysis of gene function in the hexaploid plant, wheat. However, most published applications of this technique focus on phenotypes that can be observed in the leaves of wheat. A few studies have reported successful VIGS in the spikes of wheat, but this has proven to be more difficult than the seedling leaf assays. This study reports a time course analysis of the movement of BSMV from the site of inoculation into the meristematic region of wheat. It also describes how the photobleaching phenotype resulting from silencing phytoene desaturase (PDS), which is often used as a reporter for VIGS, does not indicate the full extent of where VIGS occurs, and this can mislead scientists as they design silencing studies. These findings provide guidance for more effective VIGS studies to determine the function of genes expressed in the spikes of wheat and may be important for wheat improvement.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wandile Mashece, S. T. Beyene, M. Mndela, Gideon Jordaan, U. Gulwa, S. Tokozwayo
With the world’s population growing at an alarming rate, there is an urgent need to improve food security. This study aimed to assess forage dry matter yield and plant density under different herbicide treatments at Kubedlana arable lands. The study was carried out using eight treatments consisting of seven herbicide treatments and a control. Seed mixtures of seven legume species were broadcasted in 24 plots of 3 m × 5 m size. Herbicide treatments including Bendioxide (BEN), Glyphosate (GLY), Haloxyfop-R methyl (HAL), Haloxyfop-R methyl and Bendioxide (HBE), Paraquat (PAR), Bendioxide (BRR), and Paraquat (PRR) were applied individually in three plots. Dry matter production and plant densities were determined in five randomly distributed 0.25 m2 quadrats per plot. The results revealed that GLY had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher effect on the DM yield compared with other treatments. Both BRR and HBE significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the DM yield. GLY and HBE significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the grass density in 2017 and BRR significantly affected (p < 0.05) the legume density in May 2017 and May 2018, respectively. These results indicate that the application of GlY and HAL resulted in the reduction of grass density. Furthermore, none of the applied chemicals negatively influenced the legume density.
{"title":"Effect of Herbicides on Forage Dry Matter Yield and Plant Density in the Old Arable Lands in Communal Area of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"Wandile Mashece, S. T. Beyene, M. Mndela, Gideon Jordaan, U. Gulwa, S. Tokozwayo","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010010","url":null,"abstract":"With the world’s population growing at an alarming rate, there is an urgent need to improve food security. This study aimed to assess forage dry matter yield and plant density under different herbicide treatments at Kubedlana arable lands. The study was carried out using eight treatments consisting of seven herbicide treatments and a control. Seed mixtures of seven legume species were broadcasted in 24 plots of 3 m × 5 m size. Herbicide treatments including Bendioxide (BEN), Glyphosate (GLY), Haloxyfop-R methyl (HAL), Haloxyfop-R methyl and Bendioxide (HBE), Paraquat (PAR), Bendioxide (BRR), and Paraquat (PRR) were applied individually in three plots. Dry matter production and plant densities were determined in five randomly distributed 0.25 m2 quadrats per plot. The results revealed that GLY had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher effect on the DM yield compared with other treatments. Both BRR and HBE significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the DM yield. GLY and HBE significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the grass density in 2017 and BRR significantly affected (p < 0.05) the legume density in May 2017 and May 2018, respectively. These results indicate that the application of GlY and HAL resulted in the reduction of grass density. Furthermore, none of the applied chemicals negatively influenced the legume density.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140489261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The LeafArea package is an innovative tool for estimating leaf area in six Andean fruit species, utilizing leaf length and width along with species type for accurate predictions. This research highlights the package’s integration of advanced machine learning algorithms, including GLM, GLMM, Random Forest, and XGBoost, which excels in predictive accuracy. XGBoost’s superior performance is evident in its low prediction errors and high R2 value, showcasing the effectiveness of machine learning in leaf area estimation. The LeafArea package, thus, offers significant contributions to the study of plant growth dynamics, providing researchers with a robust and precise tool for informed decision making in resource allocation and crop management.
{"title":"LeafArea Package: A Tool for Estimating Leaf Area in Andean Fruit Species","authors":"P. A. Velasquez-Vasconez, Danita Andrade Díaz","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010009","url":null,"abstract":"The LeafArea package is an innovative tool for estimating leaf area in six Andean fruit species, utilizing leaf length and width along with species type for accurate predictions. This research highlights the package’s integration of advanced machine learning algorithms, including GLM, GLMM, Random Forest, and XGBoost, which excels in predictive accuracy. XGBoost’s superior performance is evident in its low prediction errors and high R2 value, showcasing the effectiveness of machine learning in leaf area estimation. The LeafArea package, thus, offers significant contributions to the study of plant growth dynamics, providing researchers with a robust and precise tool for informed decision making in resource allocation and crop management.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) are long-lived trees that create deep shade and litter layers, and have limited recruitment from seedlings. Botrytis cinerea is an airborne fungal pathogen that attacks redwood seedlings. B. cinerea lives as a saprotroph in dead plant matter or as a necrotroph in live tissue. In the coast redwood forest, accumulated leaf litter may provide inoculum for subsequent infections, limiting redwood seedling recruitment. Here, we examine the response of B. cinerea to fire in the coast redwood forest. We measured the abundance of airborne B. cinerea spores in paired burned and unburned plots using a selective and diagnostic medium. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew seedlings in four different treatments: (1) burned soil with no leaf litter, (2) unburned soil with no leaf litter, (3) burned soil with leaf litter collected from the burn plot, (4) unburned soil with leaf litter collected from the unburned plot. Spore trapping showed no difference in the abundance of airborne spores in the paired plots. The seedling experiment showed that disease was greatest and survival lowest when grown in burned soil; leaf litter collected from burned plots reduced survival while leaf litter from not-burned plots increased survival. These results indicate that fire did not affect airborne B. cinerea and post-fire conditions did not provide favorable growth conditions for coast redwood seedlings.
海岸红杉（Sequoia sempervirens）是一种寿命很长的树木，它能形成很深的树荫和枯落物层，而且从幼苗开始生长的数量有限。Botrytis cinerea 是一种空气传播的真菌病原体，会侵袭红杉幼苗。B. cinerea 以嗜渍菌的形式生活在植物死物中，或以坏死菌的形式生活在活体组织中。在海岸红杉林中，累积的落叶可能会为后续感染提供接种体，从而限制红杉幼苗的生长。在这里，我们研究了 B. cinerea 对海岸红杉林火灾的反应。我们使用一种选择性诊断培养基测量了烧毁地块和未烧毁地块中空气传播的 B. cinerea 孢子数量。在温室实验中，我们在四种不同的处理中培育幼苗：(1）无落叶的烧毁土壤；（2）无落叶的未烧毁土壤；（3）从烧毁地块收集落叶的烧毁土壤；（4）从未烧毁地块收集落叶的未烧毁土壤。孢子捕获显示，配对地块中空气传播的孢子数量没有差异。幼苗实验表明，在烧毁的土壤中生长的幼苗发病率最高，存活率最低；从烧毁的地块收集的落叶会降低存活率，而从未曾烧毁的地块收集的落叶会提高存活率。这些结果表明，火灾并没有影响空气传播的 B. cinerea，火灾后的条件也没有为海岸红杉幼苗提供有利的生长条件。
{"title":"The Response of Botrytis cinerea to Fire in a Coast Redwood Forest","authors":"Damiana S. Rojas, G. Gilbert","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010008","url":null,"abstract":"Coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) are long-lived trees that create deep shade and litter layers, and have limited recruitment from seedlings. Botrytis cinerea is an airborne fungal pathogen that attacks redwood seedlings. B. cinerea lives as a saprotroph in dead plant matter or as a necrotroph in live tissue. In the coast redwood forest, accumulated leaf litter may provide inoculum for subsequent infections, limiting redwood seedling recruitment. Here, we examine the response of B. cinerea to fire in the coast redwood forest. We measured the abundance of airborne B. cinerea spores in paired burned and unburned plots using a selective and diagnostic medium. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew seedlings in four different treatments: (1) burned soil with no leaf litter, (2) unburned soil with no leaf litter, (3) burned soil with leaf litter collected from the burn plot, (4) unburned soil with leaf litter collected from the unburned plot. Spore trapping showed no difference in the abundance of airborne spores in the paired plots. The seedling experiment showed that disease was greatest and survival lowest when grown in burned soil; leaf litter collected from burned plots reduced survival while leaf litter from not-burned plots increased survival. These results indicate that fire did not affect airborne B. cinerea and post-fire conditions did not provide favorable growth conditions for coast redwood seedlings.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foliar diseases are the significant production constraints in tomatoes. Among them, foliar fungal diseases in tomatoes, such as early blight (Alternaria linaria), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), which is oomycetes, have higher economic significance. This paper will discuss the etiology, host range, distribution, symptoms, and disease cycle to help us understand the biology, followed by management approaches emphasizing the resistance breeding approach for these diseases. We provide an analytical review of crop improvement efforts, including conventional and molecular methods for improving these diseases’ resistance. We discuss the importance of modern breeding tools, including genomics, genetic transformation, and genome editing, to improve the resistance to these diseases in the future.
{"title":"Multiple Foliar Fungal Disease Management in Tomatoes: A Comprehensive Approach","authors":"Dilip R. Panthee, Anju Pandey, Rajan Paudel","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010007","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar diseases are the significant production constraints in tomatoes. Among them, foliar fungal diseases in tomatoes, such as early blight (Alternaria linaria), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), which is oomycetes, have higher economic significance. This paper will discuss the etiology, host range, distribution, symptoms, and disease cycle to help us understand the biology, followed by management approaches emphasizing the resistance breeding approach for these diseases. We provide an analytical review of crop improvement efforts, including conventional and molecular methods for improving these diseases’ resistance. We discuss the importance of modern breeding tools, including genomics, genetic transformation, and genome editing, to improve the resistance to these diseases in the future.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As photosynthetic systems, plants are fundamental elements of the Earth’s biosphere, playing key roles in providing energy and resources [...]
作为光合作用系统，植物是地球生物圈的基本要素，在提供能源和资源方面发挥着关键作用 [...]
{"title":"Experimental Botany: Anatomical and Morphological Approaches for Biotechnology and Nature Protection","authors":"Ekaterina N Baranova","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010006","url":null,"abstract":"As photosynthetic systems, plants are fundamental elements of the Earth’s biosphere, playing key roles in providing energy and resources [...]","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soumaya El Merzougui, I. Boudadi, Khadija Lachguer, David G. Beleski, K. Lagram, Mohamed Lachheb, Mohamed Ben El Caid, Vania M. Pereira, P. Nongdam, M. Serghini, W. Vendrame
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a valuable geophyte plant and one of the most expensive spices in the world. Recently, the demand for saffron spice has increased in worldwide markets owing to its enormous application and value. However, the production of saffron is limited by the vegetative propagation technique and the limited number of high-quality corms planted. Furthermore, climatic changes, notably increasing temperatures, negatively influence saffron multiplication and growth. Thus, it is important to develop alternative cultivation and propagation techniques for saffron under a controlled environment, which could ensure an increase in saffron yield and avoid the negative impact of climatic changes. The present study aimed to develop an alternative method for vegetative propagation of Crocus sativus under controlled conditions. The effect of different cross-cuttings, including basal cuttings (BCs) and top-to-bottom cuttings (CTBs), was evaluated on shoot, leaf, flower, and daughter corm production. All the growth parameters examined were influenced by the cutting treatment applied. The results showed that the highest number of shoots formed was obtained by BCs and CTBs, with an average of 6.68 and 5.47 shoots per corm, respectively, compared to the control with an average of 2.70 shoots per corm. The cutting treatment positively affected the formation of daughter corms in which, the high mean number of corms recorded was obtained by the BC treatment. Meanwhile, the lower size of the daughter corms was obtained after the cross-cutting treatment. This is the first report that provides an alternative propagation for saffron using a controlled environment, which could help to improve the production of saffron.
{"title":"Propagation of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Using Cross-Cuttings under a Controlled Environment","authors":"Soumaya El Merzougui, I. Boudadi, Khadija Lachguer, David G. Beleski, K. Lagram, Mohamed Lachheb, Mohamed Ben El Caid, Vania M. Pereira, P. Nongdam, M. Serghini, W. Vendrame","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010005","url":null,"abstract":"Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a valuable geophyte plant and one of the most expensive spices in the world. Recently, the demand for saffron spice has increased in worldwide markets owing to its enormous application and value. However, the production of saffron is limited by the vegetative propagation technique and the limited number of high-quality corms planted. Furthermore, climatic changes, notably increasing temperatures, negatively influence saffron multiplication and growth. Thus, it is important to develop alternative cultivation and propagation techniques for saffron under a controlled environment, which could ensure an increase in saffron yield and avoid the negative impact of climatic changes. The present study aimed to develop an alternative method for vegetative propagation of Crocus sativus under controlled conditions. The effect of different cross-cuttings, including basal cuttings (BCs) and top-to-bottom cuttings (CTBs), was evaluated on shoot, leaf, flower, and daughter corm production. All the growth parameters examined were influenced by the cutting treatment applied. The results showed that the highest number of shoots formed was obtained by BCs and CTBs, with an average of 6.68 and 5.47 shoots per corm, respectively, compared to the control with an average of 2.70 shoots per corm. The cutting treatment positively affected the formation of daughter corms in which, the high mean number of corms recorded was obtained by the BC treatment. Meanwhile, the lower size of the daughter corms was obtained after the cross-cutting treatment. This is the first report that provides an alternative propagation for saffron using a controlled environment, which could help to improve the production of saffron.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139611212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kanae Matsuoka, Hiroko Kubotera, Rina Miyazaki, Shota Moriyama, M. Fujiwara, Ryuuichi D. Itoh
Trichomes, epidermal protrusions in terrestrial plants, play diverse roles in plant defense, metabolism, and development. Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant with single-celled and non-glandular trichomes, is a valuable system for studying cell differentiation in plants. However, organelle biology in Arabidopsis trichomes is relatively underexplored. Using light and transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the phenotypes of intracellular structures in Arabidopsis trichomes caused by tgd5 mutations, which are known to disrupt lipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to plastids and have a large impact on chloroplast morphology in pavement and guard cells. Significant phenotypic changes in the plastid structure were observed in tgd5 trichome cells, including the absence of plastoglobuli, the emergence of clusters of electron-dense particles in the stroma, and the possibly cup-shaped morphology of plastids. Additionally, the tgd5 mutations triggered the formation of giant, up to 15 µm in diameter, neutral lipid-containing droplets in the trichome cells, as revealed using histochemical staining with lipophilic dyes. These lipid droplets were substantially larger and more frequent in trichome cells than in other types of cells in tgd5. These findings highlight the role of TGD5 in maintaining plastid structure and implicate the unique activity of lipid metabolism in Arabidopsis trichomes.
{"title":"The tgd5 Mutation Affects Plastid Structure and Causes Giant Lipid Droplet Formation in Trichomes of Arabidopsis","authors":"Kanae Matsuoka, Hiroko Kubotera, Rina Miyazaki, Shota Moriyama, M. Fujiwara, Ryuuichi D. Itoh","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010004","url":null,"abstract":"Trichomes, epidermal protrusions in terrestrial plants, play diverse roles in plant defense, metabolism, and development. Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant with single-celled and non-glandular trichomes, is a valuable system for studying cell differentiation in plants. However, organelle biology in Arabidopsis trichomes is relatively underexplored. Using light and transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the phenotypes of intracellular structures in Arabidopsis trichomes caused by tgd5 mutations, which are known to disrupt lipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to plastids and have a large impact on chloroplast morphology in pavement and guard cells. Significant phenotypic changes in the plastid structure were observed in tgd5 trichome cells, including the absence of plastoglobuli, the emergence of clusters of electron-dense particles in the stroma, and the possibly cup-shaped morphology of plastids. Additionally, the tgd5 mutations triggered the formation of giant, up to 15 µm in diameter, neutral lipid-containing droplets in the trichome cells, as revealed using histochemical staining with lipophilic dyes. These lipid droplets were substantially larger and more frequent in trichome cells than in other types of cells in tgd5. These findings highlight the role of TGD5 in maintaining plastid structure and implicate the unique activity of lipid metabolism in Arabidopsis trichomes.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Luísa Corsino, D. Alves-da-Silva, Luis Alberto M. Palhares-Melo, T. B. Cavalcanti
Cuphea pulchra Moric. is a species native to the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes that grows in environments with high temperatures and low rainfall and can be adapted as an ornamental plant for pots. Tests were carried out on C. pulchra seeds, as well as the cultivation of plants from both seeds and cuttings in a greenhouse. Seeds at different stages of maturity (green, almost ripe, and mature) were placed on agar and paper for germination tests. The cultivated plants were pruned as necessary. Two cutting tests were carried out according to the age of the donor plant. The flowering period was monitored. Germination was successful with the almost ripe seeds. Drastic pruning was able to produce compact plants in pots. Cutting tests had greater sprouting with younger donor plants. Cuphea pulchra stood out in terms of the length of the flowering period, which lasted up to ten months. Greenhouse cultivation produced viable plants for the ornamental plant market.
Cuphea pulchra Moric.是一种原产于塞拉多（Cerrado）和卡廷加（Caatinga）生物群落的物种，生长在高温少雨的环境中，可作为盆栽观赏植物。我们对 C. pulchra 的种子进行了试验，并在温室中对种子和扦插植物进行了培育。将不同成熟阶段（绿色、近成熟和成熟）的种子放在琼脂和纸上进行发芽试验。必要时对培育的植株进行修剪。根据供体植株的年龄进行两次剪枝试验。对花期进行了监测。几乎成熟的种子发芽成功。大幅修剪能培育出株型紧凑的盆栽植物。扦插试验中，较年轻的供体植株萌发率更高。Cuphea pulchra 在花期方面表现突出，花期长达 10 个月。温室栽培为观赏植物市场提供了有生命力的植株。
{"title":"Germination and Vegetative Propagation of the Wild Species Cuphea pulchra Moric. (Lythraceae), a Potential Ornamental Crop","authors":"Ana Luísa Corsino, D. Alves-da-Silva, Luis Alberto M. Palhares-Melo, T. B. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010003","url":null,"abstract":"Cuphea pulchra Moric. is a species native to the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes that grows in environments with high temperatures and low rainfall and can be adapted as an ornamental plant for pots. Tests were carried out on C. pulchra seeds, as well as the cultivation of plants from both seeds and cuttings in a greenhouse. Seeds at different stages of maturity (green, almost ripe, and mature) were placed on agar and paper for germination tests. The cultivated plants were pruned as necessary. Two cutting tests were carried out according to the age of the donor plant. The flowering period was monitored. Germination was successful with the almost ripe seeds. Drastic pruning was able to produce compact plants in pots. Cutting tests had greater sprouting with younger donor plants. Cuphea pulchra stood out in terms of the length of the flowering period, which lasted up to ten months. Greenhouse cultivation produced viable plants for the ornamental plant market.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Nascimento, Cristiane Brauna, Paula Ferreira, Luis Melo, Paulo Ferreira, Thales Rocha
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are the most damaging plant pathogens all over the world. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), considered the most important phytonematodes globally, cause significant agricultural losses. Despite the availability of various strategies to manage these pathogenic agents, excessive use of nematicides poses a threat to human health and the environment. Compounds derived from plant sources are proposed as an alternative to new biocides, potentially offering advantages over synthetic components. Several species within the Fabaceae family, including those within the Arachis genus, have demonstrated potential as sources of nematotoxic compounds. As part of a research program aimed at exploring bioactive compounds and valorizing germplasm banks, this study evaluated the nematicidal and nematostatic effects of aqueous crude extracts (ACEs) obtained from nine Arachis species sourced from the Embrapa Active Germplasm Bank against M. incognita’s second-stage juveniles (J2). The results indicate that Arachis stenosperma (ACE1) has promising nematocidal potential, with effectiveness exceeding 95% on dead nematodes for doses above 0.5 mg/mL. ACE1 has also demonstrated thermostability and lower harmful effects on bovine cells. This research provides a fresh outlook on the promising use of preserved germplasms to enhance Germplasm Storage Bank’s value, given the underexplored potential of these biological assets.
{"title":"Prospection of Nematotoxic Aqueous Seeds Extracts Derived from the Preserved Arachis (Fabaceae) Germplasm Bank","authors":"Bruna Nascimento, Cristiane Brauna, Paula Ferreira, Luis Melo, Paulo Ferreira, Thales Rocha","doi":"10.3390/ijpb15010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010001","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are the most damaging plant pathogens all over the world. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), considered the most important phytonematodes globally, cause significant agricultural losses. Despite the availability of various strategies to manage these pathogenic agents, excessive use of nematicides poses a threat to human health and the environment. Compounds derived from plant sources are proposed as an alternative to new biocides, potentially offering advantages over synthetic components. Several species within the Fabaceae family, including those within the Arachis genus, have demonstrated potential as sources of nematotoxic compounds. As part of a research program aimed at exploring bioactive compounds and valorizing germplasm banks, this study evaluated the nematicidal and nematostatic effects of aqueous crude extracts (ACEs) obtained from nine Arachis species sourced from the Embrapa Active Germplasm Bank against M. incognita’s second-stage juveniles (J2). The results indicate that Arachis stenosperma (ACE1) has promising nematocidal potential, with effectiveness exceeding 95% on dead nematodes for doses above 0.5 mg/mL. ACE1 has also demonstrated thermostability and lower harmful effects on bovine cells. This research provides a fresh outlook on the promising use of preserved germplasms to enhance Germplasm Storage Bank’s value, given the underexplored potential of these biological assets.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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