Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.1
Мariyana TSIBRANSKA-KOSTOVA
Three historical kinship terms attested in South Slavic legal texts of translated character are the subject of this article: pramama ‘great-grandmother‘; pratachta – a problematic term adapted to different contextual ambiance, but presumably designating the mother (stepmother) of the mother-in law; prachtoura ‘great-granddaughter‘. They reveal a sustainable model of nomination, transmitted in the modern ways for linguistic expression of the more distant kinship. The word-forming model of one-part cognate terms formed with prefixes пра or прѣ is historically productive, and retains its vitality from the past to the contemporary times. There are both established, commonly used and of high-frequency representatives, and rare ones. Although one can suppose the influence of the corresponding Greek term, respectively the attempt to calque it, the distant kinship provoked the use of a domestic fund, as the mentioned prefixes, which mark the temporal anteriority and the feature ‘old, aged’. It is not coincidental that in the traditional popular culture the expression “up to the ninth generation” implies the distant kinship. Distant kinship was obviously important in the times of the Ottoman domination, when the family played a major role in preserving identity. Positions in more distant genealogy were a challenge to the Slavic translators of Byzantine legal writings on the degrees of kinship from the late Middle Ages. They enriched the kinship terminology with new representatives.
{"title":"THE THRACIANS AND THE WRITING","authors":"Мariyana TSIBRANSKA-KOSTOVA","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Three historical kinship terms attested in South Slavic legal texts of translated character are the subject of this article: pramama ‘great-grandmother‘; pratachta – a problematic term adapted to different contextual ambiance, but presumably designating the mother (stepmother) of the mother-in law; prachtoura ‘great-granddaughter‘. They reveal a\u0000sustainable model of nomination, transmitted in the modern ways for linguistic expression of the more distant kinship. The word-forming model of one-part cognate terms formed with prefixes пра or прѣ is historically productive, and retains its\u0000vitality from the past to the contemporary times. There are both established, commonly used and of high-frequency representatives, and rare ones. Although one can suppose the influence of the corresponding Greek term, respectively the attempt to calque it, the distant kinship provoked the use of a domestic fund, as the mentioned prefixes, which mark the temporal anteriority and the feature ‘old, aged’. It is not coincidental that in the traditional popular culture the expression “up to the ninth generation” implies the distant kinship. Distant kinship was obviously important in the times of the Ottoman\u0000domination, when the family played a major role in preserving identity. Positions in more distant genealogy were a challenge to the Slavic translators of Byzantine legal writings on the degrees of kinship from the late Middle Ages. They enriched the kinship terminology with new representatives.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123239218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.8
D. Ivanova
The present article focuses on the functioning of specific elements - memes in the Internet communication. They have taken over the internet. Memes are all over Instagram, Facebook and Twitter and it is nearly impossible to log onto these accounts without memes being everywhere. The origin of meme is the biological makeup of an organism gene, which correlates with the thought the ideas could spread like a gene. The internet meme has gained a new usage, it has become a piece of culture which is constantly created and shared by people through its rapid spreading. The internet meme is collectively produced and the meme can evolve and change over time. The current popularity of the meme can be explained by the ease of reading information and the convenience of replicating it. The theoretical thrust of this analysis indicates the usefulness of the notions of multimodal voicing and intertextuality. The article examines the prevalence of Internet memes in a virtual environment, and the role and functions of memes in organizing social interaction and human communication. This article analyzes randomly selected memes. The interest lies in the relationship between image and text, which contributes to concrete interpretive results, and to semiotic interrelation of modes. Memes are a way in our society to share thoughts and ideas. Memes are relatable and the audience thrives for things that they can relate to. Memes are a way of communication in our society, and they will continue to grow and become more popular. The article also discusses the fact that the internet memes are a manifestation of communication of visual society.
{"title":"THE MEME AS A FORM OF COMMUNICATION ON THE INTERNET","authors":"D. Ivanova","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The present article focuses on the functioning of specific elements - memes in the Internet communication. They have taken over the internet. Memes are all over Instagram, Facebook and Twitter and it is nearly impossible to log onto these accounts without memes being everywhere. The origin of meme is the biological makeup of an organism gene, which correlates with the thought the ideas could spread like a gene. The internet meme has gained a new usage, it has become a piece of culture which is constantly created and shared by people through its rapid spreading. The internet meme is collectively produced and the meme can evolve and change over time. The current popularity of the meme can be explained by the ease of reading information and the convenience of replicating it. The theoretical thrust of this analysis indicates the usefulness of the notions of multimodal voicing and intertextuality. The article examines the prevalence of Internet memes in a virtual environment, and the role and functions of memes in organizing social interaction and human communication. This article analyzes randomly selected memes. The interest lies in the relationship between image and text, which contributes to concrete interpretive results, and to semiotic interrelation of modes. Memes are a way in our society to share thoughts and ideas. Memes are relatable and the audience thrives for things that they can relate to. Memes are a way of communication in our society, and they will continue to grow and become more popular. The article also discusses the fact that the internet memes are a manifestation of communication of visual society.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130098138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.11
Benita Stavre
The Albanian reality of the first half of the 20th century was very intriguing for foreigners who visited it at that time. Trying to understand the unusual circumstances, most of the visitors dared to grasp a sense of truth in Albanian life. Then, they did not hesitate to share it in various publication forms. The writings describe in detail many life aspects: the way geography had shaped the Albanian character, social and religious relations, linguistic peculiarities, economic developments, governmental enterprises, and foreign relations. The approach in which these aspects are outlined defines reliable literary resources for further studies from a modern perspective. This article focuses on the concept of the Albanian family and gender issues of the time. The article aims at throwing light on the Albanian conception of these two elements, by reviewing writings of British and American writers on Albanian family relations, the way they were reflected in gender issues, the relationship between generations, and fanatic bindings. Their description is so carefully handled by every writer, that for the non-Albanian reader it becomes clear why the terms shtëpi (house/household) and familje (family) were essentially different from the European understanding of both concepts.
{"title":"INSIGHTS OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN WRITERS INTO THE FAMILY CONCEPT AND GENDER ISSUES IN ALBANIA IN THE 1920s AND 1930s","authors":"Benita Stavre","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The Albanian reality of the first half of the 20th century was very intriguing for foreigners who visited it at that time. Trying to understand the unusual circumstances, most of the visitors dared to grasp a sense of truth in Albanian life. Then, they did not hesitate to share it in various publication forms. \u0000The writings describe in detail many life aspects: the way geography had shaped the Albanian character, social and religious relations, linguistic peculiarities, economic developments, governmental enterprises, and foreign relations. The approach in which these aspects are outlined defines reliable literary resources for further studies from a modern perspective. This article focuses on the concept of the Albanian family and gender issues of the time. The article aims at throwing light on the Albanian conception of these two elements, by reviewing writings of British and American writers on Albanian family relations, the way they were reflected in gender issues, the relationship between generations, and fanatic bindings. Their description is so carefully handled by every writer, that for the non-Albanian reader it becomes clear why the terms shtëpi (house/household) and familje (family) were essentially different from the European understanding of both concepts.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"436 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.14
Z. Zafer
Mefkure Mollova, known as a scholar in Turkology, was the first poetess to publish poems in the periodic print in Turkish language in Bulgaria and the only woman who was fortunate to issue a solo poetic collection (1964). She emerges as the most sensitive of the time, whose work boldly touches on the intimate corners of the Turk's mentality and emotionality, to questions and problems close to all women. The sophistication of her work excites young women and crumbles the walls of the traditional taboo. Her contemporaries are delighted with the talent of the beautiful poetess and the "freedom" of her speech, she is perceived as the Turkish Bagryana, almost all young Turkish intelligents were in love with her. Suffocated by the repression of the socialist dictatorship, she was forced to give up poetry. Her work is not known outside the circles of the Turkish readership of the 1950s and 1960s, and like most Turks-poets she remains unknown to the Bulgarian readership. The article also presents the first translations of her poems in Bulgarian.
{"title":"REVIVED FROM THE ASHES (THE POETRY OF MEFKURE MOLLOVA)","authors":"Z. Zafer","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Mefkure Mollova, known as a scholar in Turkology, was the first poetess to publish poems in the periodic print in Turkish language in Bulgaria and the only woman who was fortunate to issue a solo poetic collection (1964). She emerges as the most sensitive of the time, whose work boldly touches on the intimate corners of the Turk's mentality and emotionality, to questions and problems close to all women. The sophistication of her work excites young women and crumbles the walls of the traditional taboo. Her contemporaries are delighted with the talent of the beautiful poetess and the \"freedom\" of her speech, she is perceived as the Turkish Bagryana, almost all young Turkish intelligents were in love with her. Suffocated by the repression of the socialist dictatorship, she was forced to give up poetry. \u0000Her work is not known outside the circles of the Turkish readership of the 1950s and 1960s, and like most Turks-poets she remains unknown to the Bulgarian readership. The article also presents the first translations of her poems in Bulgarian.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114382944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.4
V. Popova, V. Filipov
The article presents a corpus study of modal verbs in early Bulgarian child speech. The focus is on studying the acquisition of modal verbs following the chronology postulated in the Theoretical Model of the natural morphology of language acquisition while acknowledging the formal- (their presence in a particular phase as a conventional modal means) as well as the functionally-semantic (considering the conventional functions of the modal verbs children use) aspect of the process. The empirical basis of the study includes the longitudinal data of two girls, extracted from the first Bulgarian digital corpus of child speech, available at the CHILDES interactive platform (CHILDES Bulgarian LabLing Corpus – https://childes.talkbank.org/access/Slavic/Bulgarian/LabLing.html). In the course of studying the early stages of the ontogenesis of modal verbs the following developmental lines are clearly distinguished: formal evolution, related to the early emergence and gradual acquisition of the characteristic of the Bulgarian language combinations of modal verb and da-construction; semantic evolution represented by the early establishment of the modal verb може and the gradual accomplishment of the complex semantic complex associated with it, with its 3 meanings – “ability”, “permission” and “possibility”, which reflects the main line in the ontogenesis of modality – dynamic modality → deontic modality → epistemic modality; semantic expansion, involving the acquisition of the modal meaning of the verbs дам/давам / dam/davam (‘give’), which allows them to step outside the reach of their use in donative situations.
{"title":"ACQUISITION OF MODAL VERBS IN BULGARIAN: ANALYSIS OF LONGITUDINAL DATA FROM CHILDES","authors":"V. Popova, V. Filipov","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a corpus study of modal verbs in early Bulgarian child speech. The focus is on studying the acquisition of modal verbs following the chronology postulated in the Theoretical Model of the natural morphology of language acquisition while acknowledging the formal- (their presence in a particular phase as a conventional modal means) as well as the functionally-semantic (considering the conventional functions of the modal verbs children use) aspect of the process. The empirical basis of the study includes the longitudinal data of two girls, extracted from the first Bulgarian digital corpus of child speech, available at the CHILDES interactive platform (CHILDES Bulgarian LabLing Corpus – https://childes.talkbank.org/access/Slavic/Bulgarian/LabLing.html).\u0000In the course of studying the early stages of the ontogenesis of modal verbs the following developmental lines are clearly distinguished: formal evolution, related to the early emergence and gradual acquisition of the characteristic of the Bulgarian language combinations of modal verb and da-construction; semantic evolution represented by the early establishment of the modal verb може and the gradual accomplishment of the complex semantic complex associated with it, with its 3 meanings – “ability”, “permission” and “possibility”, which reflects the main line in the ontogenesis of modality – dynamic modality → deontic modality → epistemic modality; semantic expansion, involving the acquisition of the modal meaning of the verbs дам/давам / dam/davam (‘give’), which allows them to step outside the reach of their use in donative situations.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.9
Elham Maazallahi, Zahra Hajibagheri
This research attempted to conduct an empirical study to investigate the differences in the way male and female translators use censorship to deal with the translation of taboo expressions, and also to find the correlation between genders' habitus and the censorship of taboo words. To this end, 60 Iranian undergraduate students in the field of "English Translation" were selected as the participants of this study. An English proficiency test was given to them to ensure they were all intermediate and upper. A sexually-loaded text with a full-frontal description of a woman's body and a text full of swear words were extracted from two different books and given to the participants to translate. To examine different censorship strategies, Brownlie’s category was adopted as the framework of the research. Analysis of the data revealed a significant positive relationship between translators' gender, their habitus, and the degree of censorship they used. Based on the findings of this study, due to the robust habitus in the mind of female translators, they tried to use censorship more than the male participants. Males felt more freedom in choosing proper equivalences and sometimes intensified the vulgarity of taboos by applying dysphemism in some cases. This paper also explains the reason for the robust habitus and the higher degree of censorship in female translators' work.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF TRANSLATOR' GENDER ON THE CENSORSHIP \u0000OF TABOOS IN IRANIAN CONTEXT","authors":"Elham Maazallahi, Zahra Hajibagheri","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"This research attempted to conduct an empirical study to investigate the differences in the way male and female translators use censorship to deal with the translation of taboo expressions, and also to find the correlation between genders' habitus and the censorship of taboo words. To this end, 60 Iranian undergraduate students in the field of \"English Translation\" were selected as the participants of this study. An English proficiency test was given to them to ensure they were all intermediate and upper. A sexually-loaded text with a full-frontal description of a woman's body and a text full of swear words were extracted from two different books and given to the participants to translate. To examine different censorship strategies, Brownlie’s category was adopted as the framework of the research. Analysis of the data revealed a significant positive relationship between translators' gender, their habitus, and the degree of censorship they used. Based on the findings of this study, due to the robust habitus in the mind of female translators, they tried to use censorship more than the male participants. Males felt more freedom in choosing proper equivalences and sometimes intensified the vulgarity of taboos by applying dysphemism in some cases. This paper also explains the reason for the robust habitus and the higher degree of censorship in female translators' work.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114406686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.13
Elena N. Kovtun
The article shares the author’s experience of teaching interfaculty science fiction (sci-fi) and fantasy lecture courses at Lomono-sov Moscow State University, attended by students of all departments. In the period between 2013 and 2020 six such courses were taught, the number of students varying from 250 to 450 each. The courses comprised sci-fi and fantasy theory, sci-fi and fantasy status among other types of fiction narratives, the main stages of Russian and foreign sci-fi and fantasy history, the creative activity of outstanding sci-fi and fantasy writers of the 20th and 21st centuries. Apart from the Russian, West European and North American writers, works by East European (Slavic) authors were thoroughly examined. The article contains neat observations on the degree of Slavic sci-fi and fantasy writers’ popularity among young Russian readers and on the most inter-esting fiction texts for students. The data obtained through the analysis of the students’ assignments comprise their answers to the questions about their favorite sci-fi writers and books lists, on the reasons of certain fantastic worlds’ attractiveness, on their preferences in sci-fi or fantasy. The article also clarifies the principles of writers and their works selection for the lecture cours-es, it characterizes the creative activity of Slavic writers and reveals the interrelation between Slavic writers’ fiction works and the general scope of problems discussed at interfaculty sci-fi lecture courses. Taking into account the students’ interest in works by Karel Čapek, Stanislaw Lem, Andrzej Sapkowski and other Slavic authors, we suggest some ideas about the potential structure of a specialized lecture course focusing on science fiction and fantasy in Slavic countries.
这篇文章分享了作者在莫斯科国立罗蒙诺-索夫大学(Lomono-sov Moscow State University)教授各院系学生参加的跨院系科幻和奇幻讲座课程的经验。在2013年至2020年期间，开设了6门这样的课程，每门课程的学生人数从250人到450人不等。课程包括科幻与幻想理论，科幻与幻想在其他类型小说叙事中的地位，俄罗斯和外国科幻与幻想历史的主要阶段，20世纪和21世纪杰出科幻与幻想作家的创作活动。除了俄国、西欧和北美作家的作品外，还对东欧(斯拉夫)作家的作品进行了全面研究。这篇文章包含了对斯拉夫科幻和奇幻作家在俄罗斯年轻读者中的受欢迎程度的观察，以及对学生来说最有趣的小说文本。通过分析学生的作业获得的数据包括他们对关于他们最喜欢的科幻作家和书单的问题的回答，关于某些幻想世界吸引人的原因，关于他们对科幻或幻想的偏好。文章还阐明了讲堂作家及其作品选择的原则，刻画了斯拉夫作家的创作活动，揭示了斯拉夫作家小说作品与学院间科幻讲堂讨论的问题的一般范围之间的相互关系。考虑到学生们对Karel Čapek、Stanislaw Lem、Andrzej Sapkowski和其他斯拉夫作家作品的兴趣，我们提出了一些关于斯拉夫国家以科幻小说和幻想为重点的专门讲座课程的潜在结构的想法。
{"title":"SLAVIC SCIENCE FICTION AND FANTASY IN INTERFACULTY COURSES AT LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY (2013-2020)","authors":"Elena N. Kovtun","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article shares the author’s experience of teaching interfaculty science fiction (sci-fi) and fantasy lecture courses at Lomono-sov Moscow State University, attended by students of all departments. In the period between 2013 and 2020 six such courses were taught, the number of students varying from 250 to 450 each. The courses comprised sci-fi and fantasy theory, sci-fi and fantasy status among other types of fiction narratives, the main stages of Russian and foreign sci-fi and fantasy history, the creative activity of outstanding sci-fi and fantasy writers of the 20th and 21st centuries. Apart from the Russian, West European and North American writers, works by East European (Slavic) authors were thoroughly examined. The article contains neat observations on the degree of Slavic sci-fi and fantasy writers’ popularity among young Russian readers and on the most inter-esting fiction texts for students. The data obtained through the analysis of the students’ assignments comprise their answers to the questions about their favorite sci-fi writers and books lists, on the reasons of certain fantastic worlds’ attractiveness, on their preferences in sci-fi or fantasy. The article also clarifies the principles of writers and their works selection for the lecture cours-es, it characterizes the creative activity of Slavic writers and reveals the interrelation between Slavic writers’ fiction works and the general scope of problems discussed at interfaculty sci-fi lecture courses. Taking into account the students’ interest in works by Karel Čapek, Stanislaw Lem, Andrzej Sapkowski and other Slavic authors, we suggest some ideas about the potential structure of a specialized lecture course focusing on science fiction and fantasy in Slavic countries.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130915678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.5
Kadire BINAJ-EJUPI, Lindita Sejdiu-Rugova
This paper describes and analyzes the basic structural sentence patterns in the Albanian language. The internal structure of sen-tences is determined by the verb, which serves as its predicator: the type of verb/ verb valence determines the number and type of complements, and consequently determines the minimal structure of the sentence. A verb like vdes “die”, which is monova-lent-intransitive, requires only one complement in the function of the subject to complete the sentence. Unlike vdes “die”, the bivalent verb takoj “meet” requires two complements to convey its meaning: an internal complement in the function of the direct object and an external complement in the function of the subject. Thus, the verb vdes “die” forms one of the basic sentence pat-terns in the Albanian language: S + intransitive verb, whereas the verb takoj “meet” forms another basic pattern, namely the pattern S + monotransitive verb + DO. The minimal sentence structure contains the verb together with its valence complements. Therefore, in order to derive the basic sentence patterns in Albanian, the sentence constituents that function as complements were first distinguished from adjuncts, and then it was proceeded with the classification of the type of complements. The de-scription of the basic sentence patterns is made according to the syntactic function carried by verb complements, supplemented by the description according to the syntactic categories and the semantic roles that complements carry.
{"title":"BASIC STRUCTURAL SENTENCE PATTERNS IN THE ALBANIAN LANGUAGE","authors":"Kadire BINAJ-EJUPI, Lindita Sejdiu-Rugova","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and analyzes the basic structural sentence patterns in the Albanian language. The internal structure of sen-tences is determined by the verb, which serves as its predicator: the type of verb/ verb valence determines the number and type of complements, and consequently determines the minimal structure of the sentence. A verb like vdes “die”, which is monova-lent-intransitive, requires only one complement in the function of the subject to complete the sentence. Unlike vdes “die”, the bivalent verb takoj “meet” requires two complements to convey its meaning: an internal complement in the function of the direct object and an external complement in the function of the subject. Thus, the verb vdes “die” forms one of the basic sentence pat-terns in the Albanian language: S + intransitive verb, whereas the verb takoj “meet” forms another basic pattern, namely the pattern S + monotransitive verb + DO. The minimal sentence structure contains the verb together with its valence complements. Therefore, in order to derive the basic sentence patterns in Albanian, the sentence constituents that function as complements were first distinguished from adjuncts, and then it was proceeded with the classification of the type of complements. The de-scription of the basic sentence patterns is made according to the syntactic function carried by verb complements, supplemented by the description according to the syntactic categories and the semantic roles that complements carry.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131196925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.6
P. Vodenicharov
The article is part of a larger study of documents related to one of the communist regime's biggest crimes – the massacre without trial and the conviction of local elites (25-30 000 people) in a particularly sadistic way. The study is based on David Ovadia's documentary "Levanevsky" dedicated to a participant in the Partisan Fighters’ Movement, convicted not only for political but also for criminal offences and who led the sadistic murders of innocent civilians after the communist coup. The questions I want to answer to are: what are the reasons for the moral relativism of the author who tries to justify Levanevsky as a legendary hero. How long can anti-fascist rhetoric legitimize any crimes regardless of their scale and cruelty; what are the biographical psychoanalytical causes of communist sadism? The psychoanalytical analysis (linguistic turn in psychoanalysis) reveals a recurring biographical scheme – a despotic mother and an uninteriorized fatherly authority, which is not compensated by the symbolic networks of kinship, religion, school, army, profession. The involvement of criminals in the partisan movement compromises the anti-fascist movement – an atmosphere of fear, power battles, arbitrary killings and robberies was brought about. Reconstracting the life trajectory of Levanevski who was used and misused by the communists (killed without court and sentence after the communists took power) we could consider him as a representative of the peasant anarchism rather than the conscious antifascist struggle. Statistic data about the social and educational status of the Bulgarian partisan fighters (1941 -1944) are also provided.
{"title":"THE CASE OF PARTISAN COMMANDER LEVANEVSKI – BETWEEN CRIMINAL AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE","authors":"P. Vodenicharov","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article is part of a larger study of documents related to one of the communist regime's biggest crimes – the massacre without trial and the conviction of local elites (25-30 000 people) in a particularly sadistic way. The study is based on David Ovadia's documentary \"Levanevsky\" dedicated to a participant in the Partisan Fighters’ Movement, convicted not only for political but also for criminal offences and who led the sadistic murders of innocent civilians after the communist coup. The questions I want to answer to are: what are the reasons for the moral relativism of the author who tries to justify Levanevsky as a legendary hero. How long can anti-fascist rhetoric legitimize any crimes regardless of their scale and cruelty; what are the biographical psychoanalytical causes of communist sadism? The psychoanalytical analysis (linguistic turn in psychoanalysis) reveals a recurring biographical scheme – a despotic mother and an uninteriorized fatherly authority, which is not compensated by the symbolic networks of kinship, religion, school, army, profession. The involvement of criminals in the partisan movement compromises the anti-fascist movement – an atmosphere of fear, power battles, arbitrary killings and robberies was brought about. \u0000Reconstracting the life trajectory of Levanevski who was used and misused by the communists (killed without court and sentence after the communists took power) we could consider him as a representative of the peasant anarchism rather than the conscious antifascist struggle. Statistic data about the social and educational status of the Bulgarian partisan fighters (1941 -1944) are also provided.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134293241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.111
M. Slavova
The article offers a summary and analysis of the available texts written in the Thracian language, which became especially necessary after the breakthrough finding in 1988 of new written monuments in Thracian in the settlement of Zone on the Aegean coast in Greece. Contrary to popular belief that the Thracians were an illiterate people, it can be concluded that by the 4th century BC there were three centers of writing activity in the Thracian lands: Northeastern Bulgaria (the inscription from the village of Kjolmen), the Upper Thracian plain (the inscription on the ring from the village of Ezerovo and the inscriptions on artifacts from the mounds of Duvanlii), and the Aegean coast (inscriptions from the settlements of Zone and Maroneia and from the island of Samothrace). The author examines the written evidence of the Thracian language in the context of the neighboring Greek alphabets and concludes that the existence of a local alphabet used by the Thracian population before the arrival of the Greek colonists on the Aegean coast can be postulated. Another focus of the paper is related to understanding the reasons for the gradual demise of the practice of writing in the Thracian language in the context of the emergence of the Greek local alphabets and the cultural and political reality of contacts with the Greek-speaking population and education, without neglecting the sociolinguistic aspects of the problem.
{"title":"THE THRACIANS AND THE WRITING","authors":"M. Slavova","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v20i3.111","url":null,"abstract":"The article offers a summary and analysis of the available texts written in the Thracian language, which became especially necessary after the breakthrough finding in 1988 of new written monuments in Thracian in the settlement of Zone on the Aegean coast in Greece. \u0000Contrary to popular belief that the Thracians were an illiterate people, it can be concluded that by the 4th century BC there were three centers of writing activity in the Thracian lands: Northeastern Bulgaria (the inscription from the village of Kjolmen), the Upper Thracian plain (the inscription on the ring from the village of Ezerovo and the inscriptions on artifacts from the mounds of Duvanlii), and the Aegean coast (inscriptions from the settlements of Zone and Maroneia and from the island of Samothrace). \u0000The author examines the written evidence of the Thracian language in the context of the neighboring Greek alphabets and concludes that the existence of a local alphabet used by the Thracian population before the arrival of the Greek colonists on the Aegean coast can be postulated. Another focus of the paper is related to understanding the reasons for the gradual demise of the practice of writing in the Thracian language in the context of the emergence of the Greek local alphabets and the cultural and political reality of contacts with the Greek-speaking population and education, without neglecting the sociolinguistic aspects of the problem.","PeriodicalId":388737,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130898835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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