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The Role of eGovernance in Mitigating Corruption 电子政务在减少腐败中的作用
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10287
J. Mistry
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a model that illustrates the enablers of corruption, and delineates how eGovernance, based on the principles of transparency and accountability, can dismantle the enablers of corruption. Key enablers of corruption, such as economic rents, discretionary power of bureaucrats, and weak institutions, are identified from the extant literature to argue that these enablers undermine the public interest through unequal access to basic goods and services. The critical role of accounting and accounting information systems is highlighted by examining selected eGovernance initiatives that enhance transparency and accountability in dismantling corruption. Reduction of the discretionary power of bureaucrats, enforced consequences, and the demand for accountability enables equal access to information and public goods and services that could result in a bridging of the economic divide in a developing country such as India. Hence, a case study of India is utilized to analyze and assess the su...
摘要:本文提出了一个模型,说明了腐败的促成因素,并描述了基于透明和问责原则的电子政务如何能够消除腐败的促成因素。从现有文献中找出了腐败的关键促成因素,如经济租金、官僚的自由裁量权和薄弱的制度,并认为这些促成因素通过获得基本商品和服务的不平等而损害了公共利益。会计和会计信息系统的关键作用是通过审查选定的电子政务倡议,以提高透明度和问责制在打击腐败突出。减少官僚的自由裁量权、强制执行的后果以及对问责制的要求,使人们能够平等地获得信息、公共产品和服务,从而弥合印度等发展中国家的经济鸿沟。因此,本文利用印度的一个案例来分析和评估…
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引用次数: 34
National Heuristic Shift toward Saving Any Form of Tax Rebate 国家向节省任何形式的退税的启发式转变
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10288
Marilyn K. Spencer, Valrie Chambers
ABSTRACT: Using surveys for the 2008, 2009 and 2011 federal tax rebates, this study tests whether taxpayers (1) noticed the rebates, and (2) spent, rather than saved, a high percentage of each. Results add further evidence that behavioral economics and mental accounting are relevant in predicting tax rebate behavior. It also indicates that rebates distributed in small amounts in take-home pay accomplish stimulus much more effectively than a lump sum, which is critically important for effective public policy. Many taxpayers did not realize they received the 2009 tax rebate, and those who knew spent a higher average percentage than for the 2008 rebate. The results also indicate the need to control for (shifting) savings heuristics during an economic crisis, because this heuristic apparently did change on a national scale. The national economic crisis—particularly unemployment—was smaller and slower to hit the city sampled in this study than for the nation as a whole. The results with the smaller, localized ...
摘要:通过对2008年、2009年和2011年联邦退税的调查,本研究检验了纳税人是否注意到了退税,以及纳税人是否花费了较高比例的退税,而不是储蓄。研究结果进一步证明,行为经济学和心理会计在预测退税行为方面具有相关性。它还表明,在实得工资中分配少量回扣比一次性支付更有效地实现刺激,这对有效的公共政策至关重要。许多纳税人没有意识到他们收到了2009年的退税,而那些知道的人比2008年的退税花费了更高的平均百分比。结果还表明,在经济危机期间,需要控制(转移)储蓄启发式,因为这种启发式显然在全国范围内确实发生了变化。全国经济危机——尤其是失业——对这个城市的影响比对整个国家的影响要小,也要慢。结果是更小的,局部的…
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引用次数: 4
Rights, Needs, and Equality of Opportunity for Health Care: A Financial Analysis of Morality 医疗保健的权利、需求和平等:道德的财务分析
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2012-06-08 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10235
Kathryn J. Jervis, Gerson M. Goldberg, Alan C. Cutting
ABSTRACT:  To decide where to open and close hospitals in the U.S., our society considers community needs for access to health care. Yet a hospital's choice of location is often a financial decision. We examine the conflict between concerns about access to care and financial considerations that occurred in one not-for-profit (NFP) hospital system that closed hospitals in poor, minority neighborhoods to open new hospitals in affluent suburban communities. A small-sample, empirical study shows that hospitals in this particular system were significantly more likely to close in areas with a high minority population and sicker patients. In a case study, we explain that the hospital offered reasons for relocation based on its NFP status, to better meet community needs and provide lower costs of care. In the end, the relocation proved to be a positive financial decision for the NFP system. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.
摘要:在美国,决定在哪里开设和关闭医院,我们的社会会考虑社区对获得医疗保健的需求。然而,医院的选址往往是一个财务决定。我们研究了在一个非营利性(NFP)医院系统中发生的关于获得护理和财务考虑之间的冲突,该系统关闭了贫困的少数民族社区的医院,在富裕的郊区社区开设了新的医院。一项小样本的实证研究表明,在少数民族人口较多和病人病情较重的地区,这种特殊制度下的医院更有可能关闭。在一个案例研究中,我们解释了该医院根据其NFP地位提供搬迁的原因,以更好地满足社区需求并提供更低的护理成本。最后,搬迁被证明是对NFP系统有利的财政决定。数据可用性:数据可根据要求提供。
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引用次数: 1
Impression Management in Sustainability Reports: An Empirical Investigation of the Use of Graphs 可持续发展报告中的印象管理:图表使用的实证调查
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2012-06-08 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10249
Charles H. Cho, Giovanna Michelon, Dennis M. Patten
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether firms use graphs in their sustainability reports in order to present a more favorable view of their social and environmental performance. Further, because prior research indicates that companies use social and environmental disclosure as a tool to reduce their exposure to social and political pressures (the legitimacy argument), we also examine whether differences in the extent of impression management are associated with differences in social and environmental performance. Based on an analysis of graphs in sustainability reports for a sample of 77 U.S. companies for 2006, we find considerable evidence of favorable selectivity bias in the choice of items graphed, and moderate evidence that where distortion in graphing occurs, it also has a favorable bias. Our results regarding the relation between impression management and performance are mixed. Whereas we find that graphs of social items in sustainability reports for companies with worse socia...
摘要:本文旨在探讨企业在其可持续发展报告中是否使用图表来展示其社会和环境绩效。此外,由于先前的研究表明,公司将社会和环境信息披露作为减少社会和政治压力的工具(合法性论点),我们还研究了印象管理程度的差异是否与社会和环境绩效的差异有关。基于对2006年77家美国公司样本的可持续发展报告中的图表的分析,我们发现了相当多的证据表明,在图表项目的选择中存在有利的选择性偏差,并且适度的证据表明,在图表发生扭曲的地方,它也有有利的偏差。关于印象管理和绩效之间的关系,我们的结果是混合的。然而,我们发现,对于社会状况较差的公司,可持续发展报告中的社会项目图表……
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引用次数: 195
The Election of Auditors in Government: A Study of Politics and the Professional 政府审计人员的选举:政治与专业研究
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2012-06-08 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10269
Vaughan S. Radcliffe
ABSTRACT:  Although in many countries government auditors are appointed, often in an all-party process designed to emphasize a preference and hope for accounting information to be prepared in an independent manner, many such office holders in U.S. state governments are directly elected. This paper examines one such election, which occurred in the State of Ohio in 1994, and uses this case to explore how the electoral process fosters an interaction between the professional claim and political platforms. The paper follows earlier work concerning “special” government audits in using Weber's discussion of formal and substantive rationality to interpret events. The election of government auditors is seen as providing an unusual opportunity to consider the mixture of auditing and politics. The paper provides observations on the proximate operation of professional claims and political dynamics, and discusses these in terms of the roles of government auditing and of accountancy as a profession. Further research is...
摘要:虽然在许多国家,政府审计员都是被任命的,而且往往是在一个多党派的过程中,旨在强调以独立的方式准备会计信息的偏好和希望,但美国州政府的许多这样的办公室负责人都是直接选举产生的。本文考察了1994年发生在俄亥俄州的一次这样的选举,并利用这个案例来探讨选举过程如何促进专业主张和政治平台之间的相互作用。本文遵循早期关于“特殊”政府审计的工作,使用韦伯对形式和实体理性的讨论来解释事件。政府审计员的选举被视为提供了一个不同寻常的机会来考虑审计与政治的结合。本文提供了对专业索赔和政治动态的近似操作的观察,并在政府审计和会计作为一种职业的角色方面讨论了这些。进一步的研究是……
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引用次数: 12
The Effects of Public Pressure on CSR Behavior in a Capital Market Experiencing Excessive Moral Debt 道德债务过高的资本市场中公众压力对企业社会责任行为的影响
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2012-06-07 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10233
Pamela B. Roush, Lois S. Mahoney, L. Thorne
ABSTRACT The events surrounding the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes) offer an opportunity to reflect on the influences of public pressure and possible public policy shifts on CSR behavior in a capital market experiencing excessive moral debt. Using the passage of Sarbanes to symbolize a potential public policy shift driven by public pressure, we examine the influence of social legitimacy variables on corporate social responsibility (CSR) behavior before (1991–2001) and after (2002–2005) the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. We posit that changes in CSR strategies surrounding the passage of Sarbanes were used to maximize stakeholder interests by addressing social legitimacy involving corporate accountability issues. Our findings support that CSR behaviors were significantly influenced by the public pressure variables of Sarbanes and company size, but were not significantly influenced by our economic legitimacy control measures, with the exception of a positive significant inter...
围绕2002年萨班斯-奥克斯利法案(Sarbanes - oxley Act of 2002)通过的事件提供了一个机会来反思在经历过度道德债务的资本市场中,公众压力和可能的公共政策转变对企业社会责任行为的影响。本文以萨班斯法案的通过为例,考察了社会合法性变量对企业社会责任行为的影响。在萨班斯法案通过之前(1991-2001年)和之后(2002 - 2005年),企业社会责任行为受到了公众压力的驱动。我们假设,围绕萨班斯法案的通过,企业社会责任战略的变化被用来通过解决涉及企业责任问题的社会合法性来最大化利益相关者的利益。我们的研究结果表明,企业社会责任行为受到萨班斯法案和公司规模这两个公众压力变量的显著影响,而经济合法性控制措施对企业社会责任行为的影响不显著。
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引用次数: 24
Auditor Tenure and the Pricing of Discretionary Accruals in the Post-SOX Era 后sox时代的审计师任期与可自由支配应计利润定价
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2012-03-07 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10204
David S. Jenkins, Uma Velury
ABSTRACT This study empirically examines the public policy implications of mandatory audit firm rotation in the context of the relation between auditor tenure and the market's perception of discretionary accruals quality in the pre- and post-SOX periods. Consistent with prior research, the pre-SOX results support the effects of auditor learning and auditor closeness on the relation between auditor tenure and audit quality. We further demonstrate that in the post-SOX period, there is no significant relation between auditor tenure and the pricing of discretionary accruals. The post-SOX results indicate that the market's perception of auditor tenure as a significant determinant of audit quality may have diminished in the environment of increased regulation under SOX. The findings further imply that ongoing consideration of a policy that mandates periodic audit firm rotation may no longer be essential with the passage of SOX. Data Availability: Data used in this study were obtained from publicly available sou...
摘要本研究从实证角度考察了在sox法案前后审计师任期与市场对可自由支配应计项目质量认知之间关系的背景下,强制性审计事务所轮岗对公共政策的影响。与先前的研究一致,sox法案实施前的结果支持审计师学习和审计师亲密度对审计师任期与审计质量之间关系的影响。我们进一步证明,在sox法案之后的时期,审计师任期与可自由支配应计利润定价之间没有显著关系。后SOX法案的结果表明,在SOX法案下监管增加的环境中,市场对审计师任期作为审计质量的重要决定因素的看法可能已经减弱。调查结果进一步表明,随着SOX法案的通过,目前正在审议的要求审计事务所定期轮换的政策可能不再必要。数据可用性:本研究中使用的数据来自公开可用的数据库。
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引用次数: 10
Accounting Analysis Restores Decision Making Rationality: The Case of the Connecticut Department on Aging 会计分析恢复决策理性:以康涅狄格州老龄部门为例
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2011-12-22 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10121
J. Phillips, R. Page
ABSTRACT Purpose—The purpose of this paper is to analyze the classical decision making model as applied to restructuring a Department on Aging services for the State of Connecticut. Mandated by the Connecticut legislature in 2007 to reestablish the department, the Department of Social Services (DSS) commissioned Southern Connecticut State University to recommend a structure for the newly legislated department, which had been disbanded by then-Governor Lowell Weicker in 1993. Design/Methodology/Approach—Qualitative interviews of relevant stakeholders at all levels revealed that while few were satisfied by the current structure of the Department on Aging, there was no consensus concerning the design of a more effective replacement, only deeply held differences. Through the collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data, the decision process on how to best structure aging services becomes hostage to a contingency where this decision model breaks down. The search stage develops a set of alt...
摘要目的:本文的目的是分析经典的决策模型,并将其应用于重组康涅狄格州的老龄服务部门。2007年,康涅狄格立法机构授权社会服务部(DSS)重建该部门,并委托南康涅狄格州立大学为新成立的部门推荐一个结构,该部门于1993年被时任州长洛厄尔·威克(Lowell Weicker)解散。设计/方法/方法-对各级相关利益相关者的定性访谈显示,虽然很少有人对老龄化部的现有结构感到满意,但在设计更有效的替代方案方面没有达成共识,只有深刻的分歧。通过对定性和定量数据的收集和分析,关于如何最好地构建老化服务的决策过程受到决策模型失效的突发事件的影响。搜索阶段开发了一套所有…
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引用次数: 0
The Social Construction of Research Advice: The American Accounting Association Plays Miss Lonelyhearts 研究咨询的社会建构:美国会计协会扮演孤独的心小姐
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2011-12-22 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10072
T. Fogarty
ABSTRACT The control of important outcomes in academic accounting by the faculties of a small set of elite institutions has been well documented through a series of outcomes. Less is known about the processes by which this is sustained over time. This paper considers the advice provided to young scholars as one means whereby the social hierarchy is reproduced. Eight specific mechanisms are analyzed and found to bolster belief in the objective meritocracy of ideas in the discipline. Building upon the faux advice provided by Nathanael West's fictional Miss Lonelyhearts, the paper concludes that the stabilizing point embedded in the system is the necessity of people's acceptance of their own inadequacy.
一小部分精英机构的院系对学术会计重要成果的控制已经通过一系列成果得到了很好的证明。人们对这一过程是如何持续一段时间的所知甚少。本文认为,向青年学者提供的建议是再现社会等级制度的一种手段。分析并发现了八种具体机制,以加强对学科中客观精英思想的信念。基于纳撒尼尔·韦斯特虚构的“孤独之心小姐”所提供的虚假建议,本文得出结论,该制度中嵌入的稳定点是人们必须接受自己的不足。
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引用次数: 14
Eco-Effective Management: An Empirical Link between Firm Value and Corporate Sustainability 生态有效管理:企业价值与企业可持续性之间的实证联系
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2011-12-22 DOI: 10.2308/APIN-10075
Royce D. Burnett, Christopher J. Skousen, C. Wright
ABSTRACT Achieving corporate sustainability requires the implementation of management practices that create long-term shareholder value by embracing opportunities and managing risks deriving from economic, environmental, and social developments. Corporations that are sustainable create value that, in the long run, exceeds their environmental impact (Figge and Hahn 2004). We examine the extent to which investors incrementally value the long-run benefits accruing from adoption of eco-effective management. We posit that adoption of eco-effective management results in increases in firms' market valuation, and that those increases persist beyond the current accounting period. Our results support this hypothesis. This study has broad public policy implications as accountants, managers, and government policymakers shift their focus toward sustainability and rely on market-based mechanisms to further environmental goals. Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.
实现企业可持续发展需要实施管理实践,通过拥抱机遇和管理来自经济、环境和社会发展的风险,创造长期股东价值。从长远来看,可持续发展的公司创造的价值超过了它们对环境的影响(Figge and Hahn 2004)。我们考察了投资者对采用生态有效管理所产生的长期效益的增量价值的程度。我们假设采用生态有效管理导致公司市场估值的增加,并且这些增加持续到当前会计期间之后。我们的研究结果支持这一假设。这项研究具有广泛的公共政策意义,因为会计、管理人员和政府决策者将重点转向可持续性,并依靠市场机制来实现进一步的环境目标。数据可用性:所有数据均可从公共来源获得。
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引用次数: 26
期刊
Accounting and the Public Interest
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