Pub Date : 2011-05-16DOI: 10.2174/1876526201104010001
P. Lijnen, J. Prihadi, J. Pelt, R. Fagard
{"title":"Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Collagen Synthesis by Angiotensin II in Cardiac Fibroblasts","authors":"P. Lijnen, J. Prihadi, J. Pelt, R. Fagard","doi":"10.2174/1876526201104010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876526201104010001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68144696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-28DOI: 10.2174/1876526201003010014
S. Nonen, J. Azuma, Y. Fujio
Cardiovascular medicine is a leading area of pharmacogenomics (PGx). A number of PGx studies have linked genetic polymorphisms to patients' response to the drugs in the pharmacotherapy against cardiovascular diseases. Among them, PGx of adrenoceptors is one of the most important fields, because adrenergic networks play important roles in car- diovascular systems. The excess of adrenergic stimuli result in cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension and heart failure (HF). One of the aims of PGx studies of adrenoreceptors is the personalization of β-blocker therapy. In this review, we have described biological and clinical impacts on genetic variants of adrenoreceptors, some of which have showed clear association with the reduction in heart rate and blood pressure in response to β-blockers. Beyond anti-hypertension therapy, PGx of adrenoreceptors would contribute to the individualization of pharmacotherapy against HF.
{"title":"Pharmacogenomics of Adrenergic Receptors; from Hypertension to Heart Failure","authors":"S. Nonen, J. Azuma, Y. Fujio","doi":"10.2174/1876526201003010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876526201003010014","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular medicine is a leading area of pharmacogenomics (PGx). A number of PGx studies have linked genetic polymorphisms to patients' response to the drugs in the pharmacotherapy against cardiovascular diseases. Among them, PGx of adrenoceptors is one of the most important fields, because adrenergic networks play important roles in car- diovascular systems. The excess of adrenergic stimuli result in cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension and heart failure (HF). One of the aims of PGx studies of adrenoreceptors is the personalization of β-blocker therapy. In this review, we have described biological and clinical impacts on genetic variants of adrenoreceptors, some of which have showed clear association with the reduction in heart rate and blood pressure in response to β-blockers. Beyond anti-hypertension therapy, PGx of adrenoreceptors would contribute to the individualization of pharmacotherapy against HF.","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68144684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-06DOI: 10.2174/1876526201003010001
C. Wang, Feng Li, N. Takahashi
{"title":"The Renin Angiotensin System and the Metabolic Syndrome~!2010-02-12~!2010-04-19~!2010-06-25~!","authors":"C. Wang, Feng Li, N. Takahashi","doi":"10.2174/1876526201003010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876526201003010001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68144638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-23DOI: 10.2174/1876526200902010001
Ibrahim M.A. El-Agousa, D. E. El-Nashar, S. Eissa, Mona N. Sharoud
The present study was designed to investigate the possible effects of the antioxidant taurine on pregnant adriamycin (ADR) induced toxemic female rats. ADR was injected intraperitoneally to 50 pregnant female rats (5 groups) to induce toxemia. the first is Frank control group injected only with saline; the second group is the Taurine group that determined the effect of taurine alone; the third group is the Toxemic group that showed the toxicity of Adriamycin; the fourth group is the Therapeutic group (Adriamycin followed by Taurine) and the fifth group is the Protective group (Taurine followed by Adriamycin) that showed the amelurative effect of taurine in these groups. Blood pressure, liver and kidney function, lipid profile, taurine concentration in plasma, serum cortisone, T3 &T4 were measured for all animals. Furthermore, histopathological examination and morphometric study for liver, kidney and cardiac muscle were done for all groups. The results showed that, the Protective group has marked improvement in most biochemical parameters than the Therapeutic group compared to Toxemic group. Morphometric study revealed a significant decrease in the nuclear area in the tissues of toxemic rats. Also, marked disturbances were observed in the histopathological architecture of the kidney, liver and heart in all toxemic rats. However, a marked improvement in morphometrical parameters and histopathological architecture was observed in protective group. The results support the ameliorative effect of taurine in the protection against toxemia during pregnancy in experimental animals.
{"title":"Possible Ameliorative Effect of Antioxidant (Taurine) in Pregnant Toxemic Female Rats","authors":"Ibrahim M.A. El-Agousa, D. E. El-Nashar, S. Eissa, Mona N. Sharoud","doi":"10.2174/1876526200902010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876526200902010001","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to investigate the possible effects of the antioxidant taurine on pregnant adriamycin (ADR) induced toxemic female rats. ADR was injected intraperitoneally to 50 pregnant female rats (5 groups) to induce toxemia. the first is Frank control group injected only with saline; the second group is the Taurine group that determined the effect of taurine alone; the third group is the Toxemic group that showed the toxicity of Adriamycin; the fourth group is the Therapeutic group (Adriamycin followed by Taurine) and the fifth group is the Protective group (Taurine followed by Adriamycin) that showed the amelurative effect of taurine in these groups. Blood pressure, liver and kidney function, lipid profile, taurine concentration in plasma, serum cortisone, T3 &T4 were measured for all animals. Furthermore, histopathological examination and morphometric study for liver, kidney and cardiac muscle were done for all groups. The results showed that, the Protective group has marked improvement in most biochemical parameters than the Therapeutic group compared to Toxemic group. Morphometric study revealed a significant decrease in the nuclear area in the tissues of toxemic rats. Also, marked disturbances were observed in the histopathological architecture of the kidney, liver and heart in all toxemic rats. However, a marked improvement in morphometrical parameters and histopathological architecture was observed in protective group. The results support the ameliorative effect of taurine in the protection against toxemia during pregnancy in experimental animals.","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68144629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-02DOI: 10.2174/1876526200801010001
T. Kita, Mariko Tokashiki, K. Kitamura
Increased arteriosclerosis is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Several non-invasive markers for arteriosclerosis have been introduced, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), and carotid prop- erties assessed by echogram, to estimate the current risk and therapeutic merit of antihypertensives. In this study, 17 hy- pertensive patients were treated with nifedipine-CR alone for one year, and the non-invasive markers were simultaneously monitored every 3 months. Nifedipine-CR treatment achieved stable blood pressure control, and PWV and AI improved in parallel with the blood pressure. Interestingly, the elastic property of the carotid artery progressively decreased and there was a significant difference between the results at 3 and 12 months (85.8 ± 6.1 vs 72.4 ± 5.0 kPa, P = 0.009). In- tima-media thickness of the carotid artery also decreased. In conclusion, nifedipine-CR demonstrated a stable anti-sclerotic quality in hypertensive patients and seems to be prominent in large arteries such as the carotid.
动脉硬化的增加与心血管事件的高风险有关。一些非侵入性动脉硬化标志物，如脉搏波速度(PWV)、增强指数(AI)和颈动脉超声特性评估，已经被引入来评估当前抗高血压药物的风险和治疗价值。在本研究中，17例高血压患者单独使用硝苯地平- cr治疗1年，每3个月同时监测无创标志物。硝苯地平- cr治疗后血压得到稳定控制，PWV和AI随血压同步改善。有趣的是，颈动脉的弹性性能逐渐下降，3个月和12个月的结果有显著差异(85.8±6.1 vs 72.4±5.0 kPa, P = 0.009)。颈动脉中膜厚度也有所下降。综上所述，硝苯地平- cr在高血压患者中表现出稳定的抗硬化特性，并且在颈动脉等大动脉中表现突出。
{"title":"Long-Term Therapy with Nifedipine-CR Improves Arterio-Sclerosis Related Markers in Patients with Untreated Essential Hypertension","authors":"T. Kita, Mariko Tokashiki, K. Kitamura","doi":"10.2174/1876526200801010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876526200801010001","url":null,"abstract":"Increased arteriosclerosis is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Several non-invasive markers for arteriosclerosis have been introduced, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), and carotid prop- erties assessed by echogram, to estimate the current risk and therapeutic merit of antihypertensives. In this study, 17 hy- pertensive patients were treated with nifedipine-CR alone for one year, and the non-invasive markers were simultaneously monitored every 3 months. Nifedipine-CR treatment achieved stable blood pressure control, and PWV and AI improved in parallel with the blood pressure. Interestingly, the elastic property of the carotid artery progressively decreased and there was a significant difference between the results at 3 and 12 months (85.8 ± 6.1 vs 72.4 ± 5.0 kPa, P = 0.009). In- tima-media thickness of the carotid artery also decreased. In conclusion, nifedipine-CR demonstrated a stable anti-sclerotic quality in hypertensive patients and seems to be prominent in large arteries such as the carotid.","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68144618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Patients with chronic kidney disease have a high burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The vast majority of patients with chronic kidney disease do not progress to end stage renal failure, but do have a significantly higher incidence of all cardiovascular co-morbidities. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors only partially account for this increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. In patients with kidney disease the basic biology underlying cardiovascular disease may be similar to that in patients without kidney disease, but it would seem many more risk factors are involved as a consequence of renal dysfunction. Although emphasis is placed on delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease, it must be appreciated that for many patients it is vital to address their cardiovascular risk factors at an early stage to prevent premature cardiovascular death. This review examines available epidemiological evidence, discusses common cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease, and suggests possible treatment strategies. Potential areas for important research are also described.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"P. McCullough, Aaron Y. Kluger","doi":"10.15713/INS.JOHTN.0146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/INS.JOHTN.0146","url":null,"abstract":": Patients with chronic kidney disease have a high burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The vast majority of patients with chronic kidney disease do not progress to end stage renal failure, but do have a significantly higher incidence of all cardiovascular co-morbidities. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors only partially account for this increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. In patients with kidney disease the basic biology underlying cardiovascular disease may be similar to that in patients without kidney disease, but it would seem many more risk factors are involved as a consequence of renal dysfunction. Although emphasis is placed on delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease, it must be appreciated that for many patients it is vital to address their cardiovascular risk factors at an early stage to prevent premature cardiovascular death. This review examines available epidemiological evidence, discusses common cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease, and suggests possible treatment strategies. Potential areas for important research are also described.","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90050125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Vijaykumar, B. C. Srinivas, K. Ravindranath, C. N. Manjunath
* See Last Page for Key Revised 2017 Harvin/Verma Page 1 Reference Study Type Patients/ Events Study Objective (Purpose of Study) Study Results Study Quality 1. O'Neill WC, Bardelli M, Yevzlin AS. Imaging for renovascular disease. Semin Nephrol. 2011;31(3):272-282. Review/OtherDx N/A To describe the utility of sonography, CTA, MRA, and conventional angiography for imaging renovascular disease. No consensus can be drawn from existing data concerning the appropriate screening test for RAS. All modalities are plagued by the lack of a clear understanding of what constitutes a significant stenosis. Operator-dependence and subjectivity in the interpretation are also major problems. 4
参考研究类型患者/事件研究目的(研究目的)研究结果研究质量1。O'Neill WC, Bardelli M, Yevzlin AS。肾血管性疾病的影像学检查。中国生物医学工程学报，2011;31(3):272-282。目的:描述超声、CTA、MRA和常规血管造影在肾血管性疾病成像中的应用。关于RAS的适当筛选试验的现有数据无法达成共识。由于缺乏对什么构成严重狭窄的清晰理解，所有的模式都受到了困扰。判读中的算子依赖性和主观性也是主要问题。4
{"title":"Renovascular Hypertension","authors":"J. Vijaykumar, B. C. Srinivas, K. Ravindranath, C. N. Manjunath","doi":"10.15713/ins.johtn.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.johtn.0171","url":null,"abstract":"* See Last Page for Key Revised 2017 Harvin/Verma Page 1 Reference Study Type Patients/ Events Study Objective (Purpose of Study) Study Results Study Quality 1. O'Neill WC, Bardelli M, Yevzlin AS. Imaging for renovascular disease. Semin Nephrol. 2011;31(3):272-282. Review/OtherDx N/A To describe the utility of sonography, CTA, MRA, and conventional angiography for imaging renovascular disease. No consensus can be drawn from existing data concerning the appropriate screening test for RAS. All modalities are plagued by the lack of a clear understanding of what constitutes a significant stenosis. Operator-dependence and subjectivity in the interpretation are also major problems. 4","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76125167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prevalence of hypertension (HT) in children is increasing. Part of the reason is the rise in the population of children with obesity and part is better screening for HT though far from ideal. Neonatal and infantile HT remains relatively poorly described in terms of epidemiology, normative data, and available antihypertensive medications. The 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines on the management of HT in children have used data from children with normal body mass index thereby lowering the cutoffs for definition of HT compared to earlier. HT is now staged as elevated, Stage 1 and Stage 2, making earlier terminologies obsolete. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is important as studies show that an elevated BP as a child increases risk of developing HT as an adult as well as metabolic syndrome. Ambulatory BP monitoring in pediatrics is increasingly being used in various situations though so far there is no normative data for children <120 cm in height. Investigations into the cause of HT may be limited when the patient is over 6 years of age and is overweight or obese or has family history of HT and the physical examination is normal. The two major causes of secondary HT in pediatrics are renal/reno-vascular and endocrine. Lifestyle modification plays a major role in therapy. It includes weight reduction/control by increasing physical activity, nutritious, and low-fat diet and reducing salt intake. The first-line medications for oral therapy are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, thiazide diuretics, and calcium channel blockers. Lifelong follow-up is essential for care of the pediatric patient with HT.
{"title":"Hypertension in Children","authors":"S. Garekar","doi":"10.15713/ins.johtn.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.johtn.0185","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of hypertension (HT) in children is increasing. Part of the reason is the rise in the population of children with obesity and part is better screening for HT though far from ideal. Neonatal and infantile HT remains relatively poorly described in terms of epidemiology, normative data, and available antihypertensive medications. The 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines on the management of HT in children have used data from children with normal body mass index thereby lowering the cutoffs for definition of HT compared to earlier. HT is now staged as elevated, Stage 1 and Stage 2, making earlier terminologies obsolete. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is important as studies show that an elevated BP as a child increases risk of developing HT as an adult as well as metabolic syndrome. Ambulatory BP monitoring in pediatrics is increasingly being used in various situations though so far there is no normative data for children <120 cm in height. Investigations into the cause of HT may be limited when the patient is over 6 years of age and is overweight or obese or has family history of HT and the physical examination is normal. The two major causes of secondary HT in pediatrics are renal/reno-vascular and endocrine. Lifestyle modification plays a major role in therapy. It includes weight reduction/control by increasing physical activity, nutritious, and low-fat diet and reducing salt intake. The first-line medications for oral therapy are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, thiazide diuretics, and calcium channel blockers. Lifelong follow-up is essential for care of the pediatric patient with HT.","PeriodicalId":38918,"journal":{"name":"Open Hypertension Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82696736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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