Context The noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala) is an aggressive Australian honeyeater that has been strongly implicated in the decline of assemblages of smaller passerine species in eastern Australia. Factors likely to promote the spread of noisy miners throughout modified landscapes have been identified using static correlative models. However, the underlying mechanisms resulting in the patterns of space-use implicit in such models remain largely unknown. Aims The aim of the study was to develop a modelling context that is better able to capture the underlying mechanisms driving the spread of Noisy Miners than are static correlative modelling techniques. Methods A spatially explicit, grid-based model framework was derived to estimate the vulnerability of assemblages of bird species to displacement or replacement by noisy miners. Data from an area of suburban and peri-urban Brisbane were used as a case study in the application of the model framework. Key results The model framework predicted that sensitive bird assemblages, occupying a range of habitats, were far more vulnerable overall to displacement or replacement by noisy miners within the case study landscape than vice versa. The spaces within this landscape occupied by sensitive bird species predicted to be most vulnerable to noisy miner spread were identified. Conclusions The spatially explicit context within which the model framework is set provides an opportunity to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the spread of noisy miners that static correlative models have yet to fully identify. Implications The model framework has potential for application in land use and conservation management planning.
{"title":"A spatially explicit model framework to predict the spread of the noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala)","authors":"Steve Priday","doi":"10.1071/pc21006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc21006","url":null,"abstract":"Context The noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala) is an aggressive Australian honeyeater that has been strongly implicated in the decline of assemblages of smaller passerine species in eastern Australia. Factors likely to promote the spread of noisy miners throughout modified landscapes have been identified using static correlative models. However, the underlying mechanisms resulting in the patterns of space-use implicit in such models remain largely unknown. Aims The aim of the study was to develop a modelling context that is better able to capture the underlying mechanisms driving the spread of Noisy Miners than are static correlative modelling techniques. Methods A spatially explicit, grid-based model framework was derived to estimate the vulnerability of assemblages of bird species to displacement or replacement by noisy miners. Data from an area of suburban and peri-urban Brisbane were used as a case study in the application of the model framework. Key results The model framework predicted that sensitive bird assemblages, occupying a range of habitats, were far more vulnerable overall to displacement or replacement by noisy miners within the case study landscape than vice versa. The spaces within this landscape occupied by sensitive bird species predicted to be most vulnerable to noisy miner spread were identified. Conclusions The spatially explicit context within which the model framework is set provides an opportunity to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying the spread of noisy miners that static correlative models have yet to fully identify. Implications The model framework has potential for application in land use and conservation management planning.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47222796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In August 2009, eight large Porites corals were relocated prior to dredging works at Cocos (Keeling) Islands. In March 2020, relocated colonies were found to have survived and grown, demonstrating that large Porites colonies growing on unconsolidated substrates can be relocated successfully if moved swiftly to a similar habitat to their source.
{"title":"Long-term survival of large relocated Porites colonies at the Cocos (Keeling) Islands","authors":"J. Buckee, C. Blount","doi":"10.1071/pc21024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc21024","url":null,"abstract":"In August 2009, eight large Porites corals were relocated prior to dredging works at Cocos (Keeling) Islands. In March 2020, relocated colonies were found to have survived and grown, demonstrating that large Porites colonies growing on unconsolidated substrates can be relocated successfully if moved swiftly to a similar habitat to their source.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46262019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Still no enthusiasm for anonymous or pseudonymous publication","authors":"M. Calver","doi":"10.1071/pcv27n3_ed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pcv27n3_ed","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46990904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As conservation researchers operating in the Pacific, we often seek to contribute to solutions through integrative research that involves the inclusion of different voices, knowledge systems and actors in order to build adaptive capacity and ensure system resilience. Implicit in this approach is the need for sound and effective cross-cultural communication skills in a setting where an ill-defined or inexperienced approach could do more harm than good. In this perspective essay, we draw upon the literature and our own lived experiences to offer practical advice for early career researchers (ECRs) in the area of conservation research seeking to engage across communities and cultures. This manuscript is not designed to be a definitive set of rules, but a useful resource with practical advice to help empower ECRs from the Global North to engage with communities across the Pacific.
{"title":"Considerations for early career conservation researchers seeking to engage across communities and cultures","authors":"Joseph F. Duggan, Erame Sokini","doi":"10.1071/pc21032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc21032","url":null,"abstract":"As conservation researchers operating in the Pacific, we often seek to contribute to solutions through integrative research that involves the inclusion of different voices, knowledge systems and actors in order to build adaptive capacity and ensure system resilience. Implicit in this approach is the need for sound and effective cross-cultural communication skills in a setting where an ill-defined or inexperienced approach could do more harm than good. In this perspective essay, we draw upon the literature and our own lived experiences to offer practical advice for early career researchers (ECRs) in the area of conservation research seeking to engage across communities and cultures. This manuscript is not designed to be a definitive set of rules, but a useful resource with practical advice to help empower ECRs from the Global North to engage with communities across the Pacific.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42863452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two key pieces of Australian legislation regarding the protection of biodiversity and forest management are the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 and the Regional Forest Agreements (RFA) Act 2002. Both have significant deficiencies. A Federal Court ruling associated with a challenge to the Victorian Government-owned logging company, VicForests, by a community environmental group (Friends of Leadbeater’s Possum Inc.) found that RFAs are exempt from the EPBC Act. There was an argument of legal interpretation concerning the exemption in the EPBC and RFA Acts relating to RFA forestry operations that are conducted ‘in accordance with’ an RFA. The Court held that ‘in accordance with’ only required that forestry operations be ‘conducted under’ an RFA rather than ‘in compliance’ with it. Therefore, the mere existence of the RFA is enough to exclude the biodiversity protections of the EPBC Act, even where there are extensive breaches of codes of practice for logging operations and logging is demonstrably unsustainable in terms of its environmental impacts. This amounts to the loss of the ‘safety net’ provided by EPBC Act to protect threatened forest-dependent species. The decision in the Federal Court highlights how deficient Australia’s environmental laws are in conserving the nation’s biodiversity, especially for forest-dependent threatened species. The ruling serves to further weaken already very weak legislation. Major reforms to the EPBC Act are urgently required.
{"title":"Biodiversity in court: will the Regional Forest Agreements (RFAs) make the EPBC Act irrelevant?","authors":"D. Lindenmayer, Peter Burnett","doi":"10.1071/pc21035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc21035","url":null,"abstract":"Two key pieces of Australian legislation regarding the protection of biodiversity and forest management are the federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 and the Regional Forest Agreements (RFA) Act 2002. Both have significant deficiencies. A Federal Court ruling associated with a challenge to the Victorian Government-owned logging company, VicForests, by a community environmental group (Friends of Leadbeater’s Possum Inc.) found that RFAs are exempt from the EPBC Act. There was an argument of legal interpretation concerning the exemption in the EPBC and RFA Acts relating to RFA forestry operations that are conducted ‘in accordance with’ an RFA. The Court held that ‘in accordance with’ only required that forestry operations be ‘conducted under’ an RFA rather than ‘in compliance’ with it. Therefore, the mere existence of the RFA is enough to exclude the biodiversity protections of the EPBC Act, even where there are extensive breaches of codes of practice for logging operations and logging is demonstrably unsustainable in terms of its environmental impacts. This amounts to the loss of the ‘safety net’ provided by EPBC Act to protect threatened forest-dependent species. The decision in the Federal Court highlights how deficient Australia’s environmental laws are in conserving the nation’s biodiversity, especially for forest-dependent threatened species. The ruling serves to further weaken already very weak legislation. Major reforms to the EPBC Act are urgently required.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45488189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ashman, D. Watchorn, D. Lindenmayer, Martin F. J. Taylor
Effective environmental legislation that mitigates threats and strengthens protection are critical in arresting the decline of global biodiversity. We used the national listing of an Australian marsupial, the greater glider (Petauroides spp.), vulnerable to extinction under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC), as a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation for protecting threatened species habitat. We quantified the extent of greater glider habitat destroyed (or extensively modified) due to deforestation and logging in Queensland and New South Wales (NSW), and logging in Victoria, 2 years before (2014–2016) and after (2016–2018) EPBC listing. We quantified the extent of greater glider habitat that burned in the 2019–2020 wildfires. Destruction of habitat increased in NSW and Queensland after the species was listed as vulnerable (NSW: 7602 ha/annum c.f. 7945 ha/annum; Qld: 1501 ha/annum c.f. 5919 ha/annum). In Victoria, the amount of habitat logged remained relatively consistent pre- and post-listing (4916.5 ha logged pre-listing c.f. 4758.5 ha logged post-listing). Australia-wide, we estimate that 29% of greater glider habitat burned in the 2019–2020 wildfires. Fire severity was severe or extreme in 37% of greater glider habitat that burnt, suggesting that few gliders would persist in these areas. We demonstrate that since EPBC listing, greater glider habitat destruction and population decline has continued as a result of human activities, both directly (i.e. deforestation and logging) and indirectly (i.e. severe wildfire facilitated by human-induced climate change). We recommend that state and federal protections should be strengthened urgently to better conserve threatened species and the environment.
{"title":"Is Australia","authors":"K. Ashman, D. Watchorn, D. Lindenmayer, Martin F. J. Taylor","doi":"10.1071/pc20077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc20077","url":null,"abstract":"Effective environmental legislation that mitigates threats and strengthens protection are critical in arresting the decline of global biodiversity. We used the national listing of an Australian marsupial, the greater glider (Petauroides spp.), vulnerable to extinction under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC), as a case study to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation for protecting threatened species habitat. We quantified the extent of greater glider habitat destroyed (or extensively modified) due to deforestation and logging in Queensland and New South Wales (NSW), and logging in Victoria, 2 years before (2014–2016) and after (2016–2018) EPBC listing. We quantified the extent of greater glider habitat that burned in the 2019–2020 wildfires. Destruction of habitat increased in NSW and Queensland after the species was listed as vulnerable (NSW: 7602 ha/annum c.f. 7945 ha/annum; Qld: 1501 ha/annum c.f. 5919 ha/annum). In Victoria, the amount of habitat logged remained relatively consistent pre- and post-listing (4916.5 ha logged pre-listing c.f. 4758.5 ha logged post-listing). Australia-wide, we estimate that 29% of greater glider habitat burned in the 2019–2020 wildfires. Fire severity was severe or extreme in 37% of greater glider habitat that burnt, suggesting that few gliders would persist in these areas. We demonstrate that since EPBC listing, greater glider habitat destruction and population decline has continued as a result of human activities, both directly (i.e. deforestation and logging) and indirectly (i.e. severe wildfire facilitated by human-induced climate change). We recommend that state and federal protections should be strengthened urgently to better conserve threatened species and the environment.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47130309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Geyle, C. Hoskin, D. Bower, Renee A. Catullo, S. Clulow, M. Driessen, Katrina Daniels, S. Garnett, Deon J. Gilbert, Geoffrey W Heard, J. Hero, H. Hines, Emily P. Hoffmann, G. Hollis, D. Hunter, F. Lemckert, M. Mahony, G. Marantelli, K. Mcdonald, N. Mitchell, David A. Newell, J. Roberts, B. Scheele, M. Scroggie, E. Vanderduys, S. Wassens, M. West, J. Woinarski, G. Gillespie
More than a third of the world’s amphibian species are listed as Threatened or Extinct, with a recent assessment identifying 45 Australian frogs (18.4% of the currently recognised species) as ‘Threatened’ based on IUCN criteria. We applied structured expert elicitation to 26 frogs assessed as Critically Endangered and Endangered to estimate their probability of extinction by 2040. We also investigated whether participant experience (measured as a self-assigned categorical score, i.e. ‘expert’ or ‘non-expert’) influenced the estimates. Collation and analysis of participant opinion indicated that eight species are at high risk (>50% chance) of becoming extinct by 2040, with the disease chytridiomycosis identified as the primary threat. A further five species are at moderate–high risk (30–50% chance), primarily due to climate change. Fourteen of the 26 frog species are endemic to Queensland, with many species restricted to small geographic ranges that are susceptible to stochastic events (e.g. a severe heatwave or a large bushfire). Experts were more likely to rate extinction probability higher for poorly known species (those with <10 experts), while non-experts were more likely to rate extinction probability higher for better-known species. However, scores converged following discussion, indicating that there was greater consensus in the estimates of extinction probability. Increased resourcing and management intervention are urgently needed to avert future extinctions of Australia’s frogs. Key priorities include developing and supporting captive management and establishing or extending in-situ population refuges to alleviate the impacts of disease and climate change.
{"title":"Red hot frogs: identifying the Australian frogs most at risk of extinction","authors":"H. Geyle, C. Hoskin, D. Bower, Renee A. Catullo, S. Clulow, M. Driessen, Katrina Daniels, S. Garnett, Deon J. Gilbert, Geoffrey W Heard, J. Hero, H. Hines, Emily P. Hoffmann, G. Hollis, D. Hunter, F. Lemckert, M. Mahony, G. Marantelli, K. Mcdonald, N. Mitchell, David A. Newell, J. Roberts, B. Scheele, M. Scroggie, E. Vanderduys, S. Wassens, M. West, J. Woinarski, G. Gillespie","doi":"10.1071/pc21019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc21019","url":null,"abstract":"More than a third of the world’s amphibian species are listed as Threatened or Extinct, with a recent assessment identifying 45 Australian frogs (18.4% of the currently recognised species) as ‘Threatened’ based on IUCN criteria. We applied structured expert elicitation to 26 frogs assessed as Critically Endangered and Endangered to estimate their probability of extinction by 2040. We also investigated whether participant experience (measured as a self-assigned categorical score, i.e. ‘expert’ or ‘non-expert’) influenced the estimates. Collation and analysis of participant opinion indicated that eight species are at high risk (>50% chance) of becoming extinct by 2040, with the disease chytridiomycosis identified as the primary threat. A further five species are at moderate–high risk (30–50% chance), primarily due to climate change. Fourteen of the 26 frog species are endemic to Queensland, with many species restricted to small geographic ranges that are susceptible to stochastic events (e.g. a severe heatwave or a large bushfire). Experts were more likely to rate extinction probability higher for poorly known species (those with <10 experts), while non-experts were more likely to rate extinction probability higher for better-known species. However, scores converged following discussion, indicating that there was greater consensus in the estimates of extinction probability. Increased resourcing and management intervention are urgently needed to avert future extinctions of Australia’s frogs. Key priorities include developing and supporting captive management and establishing or extending in-situ population refuges to alleviate the impacts of disease and climate change.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47261750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally Bryant, H. Bower, S. Bower, P. Copley, P. Dann, Darcelle Matassoni, D. Sprod, D. Sutherland
If conservation depends on people, then community partnerships are the lynchpin to conservation success. The contribution of local knowledge, intellectual capital and volunteer labour not only saves project managers invaluable time and money, it fosters ownership and longevity into conservation initiatives well beyond their projected timeframe. Island communities are socially and culturally diverse and driven by a range of motivations. Hence, if we are to deliver conservation programs at scale, we need to better understand and embed these drivers into program design. We present four contemporary case studies on major populated islands in Australia where community collaborations are building the collective impact needed to underpin conservation success. They contain key learnings about community involvement, to help guide managers with future island planning and avoid some pitfalls.
{"title":"Island partnerships building collective impact","authors":"Sally Bryant, H. Bower, S. Bower, P. Copley, P. Dann, Darcelle Matassoni, D. Sprod, D. Sutherland","doi":"10.1071/pc21021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc21021","url":null,"abstract":"If conservation depends on people, then community partnerships are the lynchpin to conservation success. The contribution of local knowledge, intellectual capital and volunteer labour not only saves project managers invaluable time and money, it fosters ownership and longevity into conservation initiatives well beyond their projected timeframe. Island communities are socially and culturally diverse and driven by a range of motivations. Hence, if we are to deliver conservation programs at scale, we need to better understand and embed these drivers into program design. We present four contemporary case studies on major populated islands in Australia where community collaborations are building the collective impact needed to underpin conservation success. They contain key learnings about community involvement, to help guide managers with future island planning and avoid some pitfalls.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47157709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kūpa‘a K. Luat-Hū‘eu, K. Winter, M. Vaughan, Nicolai Barca, Melissa R Price
Indigenous resource management (IRM) is dynamic and ever evolving, in part because it is based on co-evolutionary relationships between Indigenous cultures and the biodiversity around them. Forms of conservation imposed on Indigenous people and places by settler-colonialism tend to idealise pre-human and human-excluded environments, leading to conflicts between settler-coloniser conservationists and Indigenous communities detrimental to conservation goals. Conservation efforts that align with IRM and acknowledge the co-evolutionary relationships at the foundation of Indigenous culture can lead to more effective conservation efforts. In Hawai‘i, the evolving relationship between Kānaka (Hawaiians) and pua‘a (pigs; Sus scrofa) has been the flash point of conflicts between settler-coloniser conservationists and Hawaiian communities. This paper examines the co-evolving relationships between Hawaiians and pigs in an effort to better balance the conservation efforts aimed at controlling invasive species with the State of Hawai‘i’s obligation to support Indigenous practices and public hunting. We conducted this research by investigating archival Hawaiian language resources, which allowed us to resurrect knowledge lost to time and pinpoint key historical changes over the past 250 years. Our results elucidate this co-evolutionary relationship that shifted from an animal-husbandry relationship to a hunter–prey relationship in the first half of the 19th century. This change in the trajectory of the co-evolutionary relationship was a result of various shifts throughout Hawaiian socio-ecological systems, and therefore necessitates adaptive governance relating to management of and access to pigs. We conclude that Indigenous perspectives offer opportunities to transform conservation biology through multi-objective approaches that address both hunting and conservation goals.
{"title":"Understanding the co-evolutionary relationships between Indigenous cultures and non-native species can inform more effective approaches to conservation: the example of pigs (pua","authors":"Kūpa‘a K. Luat-Hū‘eu, K. Winter, M. Vaughan, Nicolai Barca, Melissa R Price","doi":"10.1071/pc20086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc20086","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous resource management (IRM) is dynamic and ever evolving, in part because it is based on co-evolutionary relationships between Indigenous cultures and the biodiversity around them. Forms of conservation imposed on Indigenous people and places by settler-colonialism tend to idealise pre-human and human-excluded environments, leading to conflicts between settler-coloniser conservationists and Indigenous communities detrimental to conservation goals. Conservation efforts that align with IRM and acknowledge the co-evolutionary relationships at the foundation of Indigenous culture can lead to more effective conservation efforts. In Hawai‘i, the evolving relationship between Kānaka (Hawaiians) and pua‘a (pigs; Sus scrofa) has been the flash point of conflicts between settler-coloniser conservationists and Hawaiian communities. This paper examines the co-evolving relationships between Hawaiians and pigs in an effort to better balance the conservation efforts aimed at controlling invasive species with the State of Hawai‘i’s obligation to support Indigenous practices and public hunting. We conducted this research by investigating archival Hawaiian language resources, which allowed us to resurrect knowledge lost to time and pinpoint key historical changes over the past 250 years. Our results elucidate this co-evolutionary relationship that shifted from an animal-husbandry relationship to a hunter–prey relationship in the first half of the 19th century. This change in the trajectory of the co-evolutionary relationship was a result of various shifts throughout Hawaiian socio-ecological systems, and therefore necessitates adaptive governance relating to management of and access to pigs. We conclude that Indigenous perspectives offer opportunities to transform conservation biology through multi-objective approaches that address both hunting and conservation goals.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Wehi, D. Wilson, Clive Stone, H. Ricardo, Chris Jones, R. Jakob-Hoff, P. Lyver
Indigenous peoples’ relationships with biodiversity are often poorly recognised in conservation decision-making, but are critical to Indigenous identity and lifeways. These relationships extend to introduced species that are rarely protected under legislation. Kiore (Rattus exulans, Pacific rat) is a species introduced to Aotearoa New Zealand (hereafter Aotearoa) by Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa) as a food source and bio-indicator of ecosystem state. Once common, kiore are now restricted in numbers and range, and widely considered an unwanted organism by conservation managers and some Māori. However, tribal group Ngātiwai wish to safeguard cultural access to remaining kiore on Mauitaha Island. Therefore, the goals of our study were to assess body condition and the reproductive and disease status of kiore on Mauitaha. Of 16 kiore caught, body condition based on body length to mass ratio was similar to that recorded on other islands in Aotearoa. Subcutaneous fat levels were moderate, but lower in individuals with disease inflammation. The results suggest satisfactory population health, but regular monitoring to identify temporal trends in kiore abundance and condition is important for cultural harvesting and long-term population survival. Planning for harvesting by future generations requires transforming conservation biology through Indigenous perspectives, through further assessment of methods, management and agency, examining how Indigenous knowledge and conventional science can be used to balance ecological and cultural trade-offs. Further consideration of ecological habitat and risk is also required for kiore, because the reserve is a single small island, and national conservation priorities focus on native species protection in ecosystems that exclude humans.
{"title":"Managing for cultural harvest of a valued introduced species, the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"P. Wehi, D. Wilson, Clive Stone, H. Ricardo, Chris Jones, R. Jakob-Hoff, P. Lyver","doi":"10.1071/pc20094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/pc20094","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous peoples’ relationships with biodiversity are often poorly recognised in conservation decision-making, but are critical to Indigenous identity and lifeways. These relationships extend to introduced species that are rarely protected under legislation. Kiore (Rattus exulans, Pacific rat) is a species introduced to Aotearoa New Zealand (hereafter Aotearoa) by Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa) as a food source and bio-indicator of ecosystem state. Once common, kiore are now restricted in numbers and range, and widely considered an unwanted organism by conservation managers and some Māori. However, tribal group Ngātiwai wish to safeguard cultural access to remaining kiore on Mauitaha Island. Therefore, the goals of our study were to assess body condition and the reproductive and disease status of kiore on Mauitaha. Of 16 kiore caught, body condition based on body length to mass ratio was similar to that recorded on other islands in Aotearoa. Subcutaneous fat levels were moderate, but lower in individuals with disease inflammation. The results suggest satisfactory population health, but regular monitoring to identify temporal trends in kiore abundance and condition is important for cultural harvesting and long-term population survival. Planning for harvesting by future generations requires transforming conservation biology through Indigenous perspectives, through further assessment of methods, management and agency, examining how Indigenous knowledge and conventional science can be used to balance ecological and cultural trade-offs. Further consideration of ecological habitat and risk is also required for kiore, because the reserve is a single small island, and national conservation priorities focus on native species protection in ecosystems that exclude humans.","PeriodicalId":38939,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48968505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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