Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1905
H. Balogun-Abiola, S. Kareem, R. Afolabi, O. A. Akinloye
This present study was concerned with the biosynthesis of citric acid (CA) with mutant strain of Aspergillus niger using pawpaw and orange peel as substrates by solid state fermentation process. The A. niger strain isolated from spoilt orange was identified, screened for CA production on Czapek-Dox Agar and subjected to mutation by ethidium bromide. The effect of carbon sources, nitrogen sources and substrates were also determined. Among the mutant strains, A. niger PJ-02 A120 was found to be the best mutant that produced citric acid (65.00±0.58f) after 48 hours in Vogel’s medium. The effects of carbon sources (sucrose and glucose) on CA production from each substrate (orange and pawpaw peel) using mutant A. niger PJ-02 was determined and sucrose, the best carbon source was combined with two the nitrogen sources (groundnut cake and soyabeans) to determine the most suitable supplement for CA production. Groundnut cake enhances the production of citric acid while soyabeans was inhibitory. Citric acid was further produced in pawpaw peel and orange peel medium containing sucrose (5 %) groundnut cake (2 %), methanol (1.5 %) and the mutant strain. The orange peel substrates yielded 112.07g/kg of CA while 107.17g/kg was recorded for pawpaw peel when fermented for 5 days at 30°C. The Production of citric acid with mutant Aspergillus niger proved better with orange peel than pawpaw peel when optimized with alcohol.
{"title":"EFFECT OF GROUNDNUT CAKE AND SOYA BEANS ON ENHANCED CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM PAWPAW AND ORANGE PEEL BY MUTANTS OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER","authors":"H. Balogun-Abiola, S. Kareem, R. Afolabi, O. A. Akinloye","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1905","url":null,"abstract":"This present study was concerned with the biosynthesis of citric acid (CA) with mutant strain of Aspergillus niger using pawpaw and orange peel as substrates by solid state fermentation process. The A. niger strain isolated from spoilt orange was identified, screened for CA production on Czapek-Dox Agar and subjected to mutation by ethidium bromide. The effect of carbon sources, nitrogen sources and substrates were also determined. Among the mutant strains, A. niger PJ-02 A120 was found to be the best mutant that produced citric acid (65.00±0.58f) after 48 hours in Vogel’s medium. The effects of carbon sources (sucrose and glucose) on CA production from each substrate (orange and pawpaw peel) using mutant A. niger PJ-02 was determined and sucrose, the best carbon source was combined with two the nitrogen sources (groundnut cake and soyabeans) to determine the most suitable supplement for CA production. Groundnut cake enhances the production of citric acid while soyabeans was inhibitory. Citric acid was further produced in pawpaw peel and orange peel medium containing sucrose (5 %) groundnut cake (2 %), methanol (1.5 %) and the mutant strain. The orange peel substrates yielded 112.07g/kg of CA while 107.17g/kg was recorded for pawpaw peel when fermented for 5 days at 30°C. The Production of citric acid with mutant Aspergillus niger proved better with orange peel than pawpaw peel when optimized with alcohol.","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133596948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1885
A. Akamo, R. Ugbaja, O. Ademuyiwa, D. I. Akinloye, O. T. Somade, D. Ojo, O. A. Talabi, E. Balogun
Increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations may cause cellular damage via the induction of oxidative stress. The aim of this present study was to investigate FFAs and oxidative stress in hypertension co-morbidly occurring with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Age and sex matched control subjects (n=150) and patients (n=470) [hypertensive nondiabetics (HND, n=179), normotensive diabetics (ND, n=132), hypertensive diabetics (HD, n=159)] presenting at the Medical Out-Patient Clinic of the State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria were recruited. Fasting plasma glucose, creatinine, urea, FFAs, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined spectrophotometrically. The presence of either or both diseases resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in the plasma FFAs and oxidative stress marker-TBARS in different compartments (plasma, erythrocytes andlipoproteins) for both male and female patients when compared with their control counterparts. The increase in FFAs was more marked in comorbidity female when compared with other female patients. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in gender FFAs concentrations. In both controls and patients, FFAs in plasma are significantly (p<0.05) higher in male when compared with their female counterparts. This research revealed biochemical variations in hypertension co-morbidly occurring with T2DMcharacterised by gender-related elevation in FFAs and enhanced oxidative stress. Plasma FFAs might be a good biomarker predicting the occurrence and development of hypertension and/or T2DM.
{"title":"GENDER-RELATED ALTERATIONS IN FREE FATTY ACIDS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HYPERTENSION CO-MORBIDLY OCCURRING WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS","authors":"A. Akamo, R. Ugbaja, O. Ademuyiwa, D. I. Akinloye, O. T. Somade, D. Ojo, O. A. Talabi, E. Balogun","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1885","url":null,"abstract":"Increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations may cause cellular damage via the induction of oxidative stress. The aim of this present study was to investigate FFAs and oxidative stress in hypertension co-morbidly occurring with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Age and sex matched control subjects (n=150) and patients (n=470) [hypertensive nondiabetics (HND, n=179), normotensive diabetics (ND, n=132), hypertensive diabetics (HD, n=159)] presenting at the Medical Out-Patient Clinic of the State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria were recruited. Fasting plasma glucose, creatinine, urea, FFAs, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined spectrophotometrically. The presence of either or both diseases resulted in significant increase (p<0.05) in the plasma FFAs and oxidative stress marker-TBARS in different compartments (plasma, erythrocytes andlipoproteins) for both male and female patients when compared with their control counterparts. The increase in FFAs was more marked in comorbidity female when compared with other female patients. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in gender FFAs concentrations. In both controls and patients, FFAs in plasma are significantly (p<0.05) higher in male when compared with their female counterparts. This research revealed biochemical variations in hypertension co-morbidly occurring with T2DMcharacterised by gender-related elevation in FFAs and enhanced oxidative stress. Plasma FFAs might be a good biomarker predicting the occurrence and development of hypertension and/or T2DM. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128608390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1898
T. Ajadi, M. O. Oyeyemi
ABSTRACT This study was aimed at determining the records of surgical castration in dogs by reviewing the records of dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta between May, 2005 and October, 2012 . Data recorded included breed, age of the dogs at presentation and presenting history and clinical signs. It was only thirteen dogs that were presented for castration out of five hundred and twenty five male dogs presented to the hospital during this period. They comprised of three breeds of dogs with mean age of 3.5 ± 2.1 years. General anaesthesia was used in twelve (12) of the thirteen (13) cases, while sedation with local anaesthesia was employed in one (1) case. The rate of surgical castration in VTH, FUNAAB is very low while castration could be said to be requested for later in life.
{"title":"DOG CASTRATION RECORDS IN VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL, FUNAAB","authors":"T. Ajadi, M. O. Oyeyemi","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1898","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000This study was aimed at determining the records of surgical castration in dogs by reviewing the records of dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta between May, 2005 and October, 2012 . Data recorded included breed, age of the dogs at presentation and presenting history and clinical signs. It was only thirteen dogs that were presented for castration out of five hundred and twenty five male dogs presented to the hospital during this period. They comprised of three breeds of dogs with mean age of 3.5 ± 2.1 years. General anaesthesia was used in twelve (12) of the thirteen (13) cases, while sedation with local anaesthesia was employed in one (1) case. The rate of surgical castration in VTH, FUNAAB is very low while castration could be said to be requested for later in life. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122979355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1904
S. Odunuga, Saheed Adekunle Raji
This study utilised geo-information technology to carry out a geomorphological mapping of a part of the Niger Delta. Satellite image analysis was based on bi-annual seasonal approach using a combination of visual analysis of the geometry, site, situation, colour, and season for analysis of the non-topographic features. The study also utilised virtual and onsite fieldworks and existing geomorphologic information to interpret and analyse topographic and bathymetric features. First-order topographic features (elevation) and second level features including slope, aspect, curvature and mathematically exaggerated shaded relief were extracted from DEM. Relief classification was based on average elevation differences, hill shade, slope, and aspect. Three main non-topographic landforms were identified; the permanent rivers with stable meanders, perennially-active systems of creeks and fluvial landforms including scroll bars and oxbows. With the exception of higher elevation values towards the north-western fringe, the elevation ranges between mean sea level and 1 metre above sea level thus establishing a somewhat flat terrain. These areas were filled with meandering streams, sinuous creeks and watercourses flanked by mangrove vegetation. In the north-western area, elevation rose close to approximately 4 metres in most of the area with a peak of 10 metres. Generally, the cumulative area-slope analysis yielded a deltaic plain with generalised slope ≤ 20. Overall two elevation-based geographically differentiated morphological units were identified; tidal mudflats and saltmarshes. The study recommends that to provide needed information for resource planning and management, further investigation should be carried out with a view to modelling probable ecological and geomorphological changes in the entire Niger Delta.
{"title":"GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF PART OF THE NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA USING DEM AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY","authors":"S. Odunuga, Saheed Adekunle Raji","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1904","url":null,"abstract":"This study utilised geo-information technology to carry out a geomorphological mapping of a part of the Niger Delta. Satellite image analysis was based on bi-annual seasonal approach using a combination of visual analysis of the geometry, site, situation, colour, and season for analysis of the non-topographic features. The study also utilised virtual and onsite fieldworks and existing geomorphologic information to interpret and analyse topographic and bathymetric features. First-order topographic features (elevation) and second level features including slope, aspect, curvature and mathematically exaggerated shaded relief were extracted from DEM. Relief classification was based on average elevation differences, hill shade, slope, and aspect. Three main non-topographic landforms were identified; the permanent rivers with stable meanders, perennially-active systems of creeks and fluvial landforms including scroll bars and oxbows. With the exception of higher elevation values towards the north-western fringe, the elevation ranges between mean sea level and 1 metre above sea level thus establishing a somewhat flat terrain. These areas were filled with meandering streams, sinuous creeks and watercourses flanked by mangrove vegetation. In the north-western area, elevation rose close to approximately 4 metres in most of the area with a peak of 10 metres. Generally, the cumulative area-slope analysis yielded a deltaic plain with generalised slope ≤ 20. Overall two elevation-based geographically differentiated morphological units were identified; tidal mudflats and saltmarshes. The study recommends that to provide needed information for resource planning and management, further investigation should be carried out with a view to modelling probable ecological and geomorphological changes in the entire Niger Delta. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"58 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113938170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1842
G. A. Dawodu, A. A. Akintunde, S. Ariyo
Inflation measure is an important indicator of the state of an economy and the desire to determine it ahead of “time” cannot be overemphasised. This paper presents a step-by-step algorithm to predict the would-be monthly inflation rate of the Nigerian economy, using Kalman Filtering Predictor (KFP). The ordinary structural model for a time series (structTS) is highlighted to “fairly” compete against our proposed KFP. The structTS is a powerful “competitor”, it is in recommended R package “stats” and used for fitting basic structural models to “univariate” time series. It is quite reliable and fast, and is used as a benchmark in some comparisons of filtering techniques, it is indeed the “predictor” to “beat”, yet our proposed KFP has more to “offer”. The pertinent statistics and pictorial representation of the results obtained, through both techniques, is highlighted for any “incorruptible” judge’s perusal. All of these are contained in the couple of illustrative examples that exhibit the steps involved in the proposed algorithm, using a hypothetical monthly inflation rate and the monthly inflation rates data (January, 2011 to June, 2014) of the Nigerian economy.
{"title":"STOCHASTIC PREDICTION OF MONTHLY INFLATION RATES THROUGH KALMAN FILTERING","authors":"G. A. Dawodu, A. A. Akintunde, S. Ariyo","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1842","url":null,"abstract":"Inflation measure is an important indicator of the state of an economy and the desire to determine it ahead of “time” cannot be overemphasised. This paper presents a step-by-step algorithm to predict the would-be monthly inflation rate of the Nigerian economy, using Kalman Filtering Predictor (KFP). The ordinary structural model for a time series (structTS) is highlighted to “fairly” compete against our proposed KFP. The structTS is a powerful “competitor”, it is in recommended R package “stats” and used for fitting basic structural models to “univariate” time series. It is quite reliable and fast, and is used as a benchmark in some comparisons of filtering techniques, it is indeed the “predictor” to “beat”, yet our proposed KFP has more to “offer”. The pertinent statistics and pictorial representation of the results obtained, through both techniques, is highlighted for any “incorruptible” judge’s perusal. All of these are contained in the couple of illustrative examples that exhibit the steps involved in the proposed algorithm, using a hypothetical monthly inflation rate and the monthly inflation rates data (January, 2011 to June, 2014) of the Nigerian economy. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125406500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1852
F. Alayaki, A. Al-Tabbaa, M. Ayotamuno
his study investigated potential of the use of Drill Cuttings Ash (DCA) in the stabilisation of Niger Delta soils for road construction. Most of the in-situ soils encountered in the region are fine-grained and highly plastic that would require special treatment. Four soil samples were obtained and the following tests were carried out: classification, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS). Dry DCA quantities ranging 2 – 8 percentages by weight of the soil was added to the air-dried soils for the stabilisation process. They were classified as A-6 (clayey soil), A-2-6 (clayey sand), A-3 (silty fine sand), and A-4 (silty clay soil). Generically, the unstabilised soils were fine-grained having low to medium plasticity, with low shear strength. Other results showed that 6% DCA content caused improvement in the texture, plasticity, and dry density of the clayey soil, while its CBR and UCS parameters compared favourably well with the unstabilised soil values. Also, there was increase in CBR value of the clayey soil after soaking for 24 hours. DCA increased the plasticity of the clayey sand, silty fine sand, and silty clay soil, and there was no substantial improvement in their strength properties. These results showed that DCA would be useful in improving clayey soilswhich are known to be prone to excessive swelling and difficult to handle during construction especially after heavy rainfall.
{"title":"USE OF DRILL CUTTINGS ASH AS STABILISING AGENT FOR SELECTED NIGER DELTA SOILS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION","authors":"F. Alayaki, A. Al-Tabbaa, M. Ayotamuno","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1852","url":null,"abstract":"his study investigated potential of the use of Drill Cuttings Ash (DCA) in the stabilisation of Niger Delta soils for road construction. Most of the in-situ soils encountered in the region are fine-grained and highly plastic that would require special treatment. Four soil samples were obtained and the following tests were carried out: classification, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS). Dry DCA quantities ranging 2 – 8 percentages by weight of the soil was added to the air-dried soils for the stabilisation process. They were classified as A-6 (clayey soil), A-2-6 (clayey sand), A-3 (silty fine sand), and A-4 (silty clay soil). Generically, the unstabilised soils were fine-grained having low to medium plasticity, with low shear strength. Other results showed that 6% DCA content caused improvement in the texture, plasticity, and dry density of the clayey soil, while its CBR and UCS parameters compared favourably well with the unstabilised soil values. Also, there was increase in CBR value of the clayey soil after soaking for 24 hours. DCA increased the plasticity of the clayey sand, silty fine sand, and silty clay soil, and there was no substantial improvement in their strength properties. These results showed that DCA would be useful in improving clayey soilswhich are known to be prone to excessive swelling and difficult to handle during construction especially after heavy rainfall. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123818989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1892
O. Ejeromedoghene, M. D. Adeoye, S. Adewuyi
Chitosan is an abundant bio-polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan was found to be an attractive alternative to other bio materials due to its significant physicochemical behavior and ability to selectively bind to transition and post transition metals. In order to improve the performance of this bio-polymer, chemical modification of chitosan composite and its derivatives have gained much attention. In this study, a new biopolymeric ligand was synthesized by functionalizing chitosan with eriochrome black T (EBT) and sudan III (S3) dyes. The functionalized compounds were interacted with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions at varied concentrations leading to complex formation. Both the new ligand and the complexes obtained at high yields were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Uv-Vis Spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra revealed a possible hydrogen bonding between chitosan and the azo dye. It also suggests an interaction between the N=N of the ligand with the metal ions. In addition, the Uv-Visible spectra studies showed that on reacting various concentrations of metal ions with ligand the absorbance increases with decreasing concentration of the metal ions and was able to interact with as low as 0.001 M of the studied metal salts.
{"title":"COORDINATIVE INTERACTION OF CHITOSAN-AZO DYES TOWARDS SELECTED FIRST ROW TRANSITION METALS","authors":"O. Ejeromedoghene, M. D. Adeoye, S. Adewuyi","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1892","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan is an abundant bio-polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan was found to be an attractive alternative to other bio materials due to its significant physicochemical behavior and ability to selectively bind to transition and post transition metals. In order to improve the performance of this bio-polymer, chemical modification of chitosan composite and its derivatives have gained much attention. In this study, a new biopolymeric ligand was synthesized by functionalizing chitosan with eriochrome black T (EBT) and sudan III (S3) dyes. The functionalized compounds were interacted with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions at varied concentrations leading to complex formation. Both the new ligand and the complexes obtained at high yields were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Uv-Vis Spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra revealed a possible hydrogen bonding between chitosan and the azo dye. It also suggests an interaction between the N=N of the ligand with the metal ions. In addition, the Uv-Visible spectra studies showed that on reacting various concentrations of metal ions with ligand the absorbance increases with decreasing concentration of the metal ions and was able to interact with as low as 0.001 M of the studied metal salts. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129258947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1896
O. Adeyi, D. O. Babayemi, P. Esumei, U. Adenitan, A. Ayodele
his study was conducted to investigate the time-course effects of low levels of organic arsenic on electrolytes balance and lipid profiles in different organs of male rats. Animals were exposed to arsenic (As) as Dimethylarsenate (DMA) in their drinking water for 5, 10 and 15 weeks at doses 20 and 40 ppm. Lipids (Triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol, phospholipids) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) levels were determined in the hepatic, renal, brain and cardiac tissues of experimental animals. Potassium significantly (p<0.05) increased in the hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues after 5 weeks exposure to 40 ppm arsenic. Significant (p<0.05) increase observed in hepatocytes calcium level was shown to be dose-dependent. While there was no observed significant (p>0.05) difference in hepatic and renal magnesium after 15 weeks exposure, magnesium significantly altered in the brain and cardiac tissues after 15 weeks. TAG concentration in most of the organs studied was significantly (p<0.05) altered after 5 weeks exposure to 20 ppm arsenic. Phospholipids in the renal and hepatic tissues were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased after 15 weeks of exposure to As. However, only in the renal tissues was hypocholesterolemia observed in 40 ppm groups at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of exposure. Our findings indicate exposure to progressively low-levels arsenic can result in electrolytes imbalance and dyslipidemia in different organs in rats.
{"title":"TIME-COURSE EFFECTS OF LOW-LEVELS ARSENIC ON ELECTROLYTES AND LIPIDS IN MALE ALBINO RATS","authors":"O. Adeyi, D. O. Babayemi, P. Esumei, U. Adenitan, A. Ayodele","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1896","url":null,"abstract":"his study was conducted to investigate the time-course effects of low levels of organic arsenic on electrolytes balance and lipid profiles in different organs of male rats. Animals were exposed to arsenic (As) as Dimethylarsenate (DMA) in their drinking water for 5, 10 and 15 weeks at doses 20 and 40 ppm. Lipids (Triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol, phospholipids) and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium) levels were determined in the hepatic, renal, brain and cardiac tissues of experimental animals. Potassium significantly (p<0.05) increased in the hepatic, renal and cardiac tissues after 5 weeks exposure to 40 ppm arsenic. Significant (p<0.05) increase observed in hepatocytes calcium level was shown to be dose-dependent. While there was no observed significant (p>0.05) difference in hepatic and renal magnesium after 15 weeks exposure, magnesium significantly altered in the brain and cardiac tissues after 15 weeks. TAG concentration in most of the organs studied was significantly (p<0.05) altered after 5 weeks exposure to 20 ppm arsenic. Phospholipids in the renal and hepatic tissues were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased after 15 weeks of exposure to As. However, only in the renal tissues was hypocholesterolemia observed in 40 ppm groups at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of exposure. Our findings indicate exposure to progressively low-levels arsenic can result in electrolytes imbalance and dyslipidemia in different organs in rats. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128411750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1900
O. Adeyi, D. O. Babayemi, A. Adeyi, O. O. Akinwande, A. A. Odunewu, O. F. Amaefule, G. T. Adetoro, A. Badejo
The ameliorative effect of ethanol leaf extract of Phyllantus amarus (EEPA) and vitamin C in arsenic-induced toxicity was studied. Thirty-six (36) male albino rats divided into six groups of six (6) rats each were used for the study. Arsenic toxicity was induced in three of the groups by daily intake of 100 ppm of arsenic as Dimethylarsenate (DMA) in their drinking water. Two of the arsenic-exposed groups were treated with 200 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPA and vitamin C respectively. The third group was not treated during arsenic exposure. The fourth and fifth groups were positive control for P. amarus and Vitamin C respectively, while another group served as the normal control. All treatments were done orally for six weeks. The effects of treatments on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and liver function were thereafter studied. Increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in plasma and lymphocytes of untreated arsenic-exposed rats compared to the control group. Arsenic increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, while triacylglycerol concentration was reduced significantly. Treatments with EEPA and Vitamin C however ameliorated the dyslipidemia observed in arsenic-exposed groups. Exposure to DMA increased plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the animals, while plasma activity of ALT in rats treated with Vitamin C was not different compared to the control. Both treatments however, had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the activity of plasma AST. P. amarus may therefore play a role in ameliorating arsenic-induced dyslipidemia in male albino rats.
{"title":"AMELIORATION OF ARSENIC-INDUCED TOXICITY BY ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTUS AMARUS LINN AND VITAMIN C IN MALE ALBINO RATS","authors":"O. Adeyi, D. O. Babayemi, A. Adeyi, O. O. Akinwande, A. A. Odunewu, O. F. Amaefule, G. T. Adetoro, A. Badejo","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1900","url":null,"abstract":"The ameliorative effect of ethanol leaf extract of Phyllantus amarus (EEPA) and vitamin C in arsenic-induced toxicity was studied. Thirty-six (36) male albino rats divided into six groups of six (6) rats each were used for the study. Arsenic toxicity was induced in three of the groups by daily intake of 100 ppm of arsenic as Dimethylarsenate (DMA) in their drinking water. Two of the arsenic-exposed groups were treated with 200 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPA and vitamin C respectively. The third group was not treated during arsenic exposure. The fourth and fifth groups were positive control for P. amarus and Vitamin C respectively, while another group served as the normal control. All treatments were done orally for six weeks. The effects of treatments on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and liver function were thereafter studied. Increased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in plasma and lymphocytes of untreated arsenic-exposed rats compared to the control group. Arsenic increased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, while triacylglycerol concentration was reduced significantly. Treatments with EEPA and Vitamin C however ameliorated the dyslipidemia observed in arsenic-exposed groups. Exposure to DMA increased plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the animals, while plasma activity of ALT in rats treated with Vitamin C was not different compared to the control. Both treatments however, had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the activity of plasma AST. P. amarus may therefore play a role in ameliorating arsenic-induced dyslipidemia in male albino rats. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127045711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.3923/RJSWM.2010.10.14
B. S. Badmus
Plasticity index and coefficient of compressibility amongst other characteristics were determined for some lateritic soil samples of Southwestern Nigeria with a view to establishing the relationship between their plasticity and compressibility as well as predicting their in-situ compressibility and also determine the effect of the parent rocks on the plasticity and compressibility. Two study areas were chosen in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria where ten disturbed and ten undisturbed samples each were collected. The disturbed samples were subjected to a number of geotechnical tests: grain size, distribution analysis, specific grant and consistency test. The undisturbed samples were subjected to consolidation test. The study revealed the rock type in study area A to be quartzschist and area B to be granitic. The specific gravity of the soil grains ranged between 2.48 and 2.72; while the plasticity index value was between 9.7 and 21.4%. Coefficient of consolidation ranged between 29.39mm 2 /min and 32.56mm 2 /mm with coefficient of volume compressibility between 1.08 x10 -3 m 2 /KN and 1.94 x10 -3 m 2 /KN. The soil samples were generally well-graded reddish brown, sandy-silt-clay of medium plasticity and compressibility with dominant kaoline clay mineral in the quartzschist derived soil while the dominant clay mineral in the granite derived soil is illite. The most influenced parameter of the parent rocks was the coefficient of compressibility, which revealed the samples of the two study areas to be suitable for construction work as well as landfill site with little compaction.
{"title":"PLASTICITY AND COMPRESSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LATERITIC SOIL FROM SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA","authors":"B. S. Badmus","doi":"10.3923/RJSWM.2010.10.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJSWM.2010.10.14","url":null,"abstract":"Plasticity index and coefficient of compressibility amongst other characteristics were determined for some lateritic soil samples of Southwestern Nigeria with a view to establishing the relationship between their plasticity and compressibility as well as predicting their in-situ compressibility and also determine the effect of the parent rocks on the plasticity and compressibility. Two study areas were chosen in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria where ten disturbed and ten undisturbed samples each were collected. The disturbed samples were subjected to a number of geotechnical tests: grain size, distribution analysis, specific grant and consistency test. The undisturbed samples were subjected to consolidation test. The study revealed the rock type in study area A to be quartzschist and area B to be granitic. The specific gravity of the soil grains ranged between 2.48 and 2.72; while the plasticity index value was between 9.7 and 21.4%. Coefficient of consolidation ranged between 29.39mm 2 /min and 32.56mm 2 /mm with coefficient of volume compressibility between 1.08 x10 -3 m 2 /KN and 1.94 x10 -3 m 2 /KN. The soil samples were generally well-graded reddish brown, sandy-silt-clay of medium plasticity and compressibility with dominant kaoline clay mineral in the quartzschist derived soil while the dominant clay mineral in the granite derived soil is illite. The most influenced parameter of the parent rocks was the coefficient of compressibility, which revealed the samples of the two study areas to be suitable for construction work as well as landfill site with little compaction.","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132622461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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