Pub Date : 2016-03-02DOI: 10.51406/JNSET.V14I1.1480
G. A. Dawodu, A. Mustapha
This work, proposes a Hierarchical Modelling (HM) for the indoor and outdoor Residential Radon Data (RRD). Indoor RRD and outdoor RRD are seen as distinct «¤??hierarchies«¤?? of carcinogenic radioactive radon and both hierarchies constitute the least exposure that can be experienced by an individual. Works on this issue have always been based on complicated models, even for single instances of both indoor and outdoor residential radon. Our proposed method can be used to analyse effectively the many-to-many (it, however, becomes numerically clumsy if more than 5-to-5 instances are considered) instances of residential radon, although we have illustrated, here, using a three-to-three situation. Our preference of this method is based on its simplicity, and probable higher precision, as compared with the complexity involved in other methods on the same issue. The data used for the illustration of our models were taken from the indoors (i.e. living-room, bedroom and the kitchen) and the rest outdoors (i.e. verandah, car-park and the well-water shed) of a residential building in a lightly populated estate (i.e. Asero housing estate). Observations were taken on a daily basis throughout the dry season covering ninety days (i.e. January, February and March), this constitutes our season I (i.e. dry). The same was repeated in the season II (i.e. wet) which was taken at the beginning of June through July and August.a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤? a¤?
{"title":"HIERARCHICAL MODELLING OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR (RESIDENTIAL) RADON DATA (RRD)","authors":"G. A. Dawodu, A. Mustapha","doi":"10.51406/JNSET.V14I1.1480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/JNSET.V14I1.1480","url":null,"abstract":"This work, proposes a Hierarchical Modelling (HM) for the indoor and outdoor Residential Radon Data (RRD). Indoor RRD and outdoor RRD are seen as distinct «¤??hierarchies«¤?? of carcinogenic radioactive radon and both hierarchies constitute the least exposure that can be experienced by an individual. Works on this issue have always been based on complicated models, even for single instances of both indoor and outdoor residential radon. Our proposed method can be used to analyse effectively the many-to-many (it, however, becomes numerically clumsy if more than 5-to-5 instances are considered) instances of residential radon, although we have illustrated, here, using a three-to-three situation. Our preference of this method is based on its simplicity, and probable higher precision, as compared with the complexity involved in other methods on the same issue. The data used for the illustration of our models were taken from the indoors (i.e. living-room, bedroom and the kitchen) and the rest outdoors (i.e. verandah, car-park and the well-water shed) of a residential building in a lightly populated estate (i.e. Asero housing estate). Observations were taken on a daily basis throughout the dry season covering ninety days (i.e. January, February and March), this constitutes our season I (i.e. dry). The same was repeated in the season II (i.e. wet) which was taken at the beginning of June through July and August.a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤?a¤? a¤?","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124405213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1850
I. Adeleke, A. Adeyemi, E. Akarawak
Multiple testing is associated with simultaneous testing of many hypotheses, and frequently calls for adjusting level of significance in some way that the probability of observing at least one significant result due to chance remains below the desired significance levels. This study developed a Binomial Model Approximations (BMA) method as an alternative to addressing the multiplicity problem associated with testing more than one hypothesis at a time. The proposed method has demonstrated capacity for controlling Type I Error Rate as sample size increases when compared with the existing Bonferroni and False Discovery Rate (FDR).
{"title":"A BINOMIAL MODEL APPROXIMATION FOR MULTIPLE TESTING","authors":"I. Adeleke, A. Adeyemi, E. Akarawak","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1850","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple testing is associated with simultaneous testing of many hypotheses, and frequently calls for adjusting level of significance in some way that the probability of observing at least one significant result due to chance remains below the desired significance levels. This study developed a Binomial Model Approximations (BMA) method as an alternative to addressing the multiplicity problem associated with testing more than one hypothesis at a time. The proposed method has demonstrated capacity for controlling Type I Error Rate as sample size increases when compared with the existing Bonferroni and False Discovery Rate (FDR). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128341039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1841
O. Popoola, O. Abiola, S. O. Odunfa, S. O. Ismaila
In Nigeria, literature on the integration of traffic of pavement condition and traffic characteristics in predicting road traffic accident frequency on 2-lane highways are scanty, hence this article to fill the gap. A comparison of road traffic accident frequency prediction models on IIesha-Akure-Owo road based on the data observed between 2012 and 2014 is presented. Negative Binomial (NB), Ordered Logistic (OL) and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) models were used to model the frequency of road traffic accident occurrence using road traffic accident data from the Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) and pavement conditions parameters from pavement evaluation unit of the Federal Ministry of Works, Kaduna. The explanatory variables were: annual average daily traffic (aadt), shoulder factor (sf), rut depth (rd), pavement condition index (pci), and international roughness index (iri). The explanatory variables that were statistically significant for the three models are aadt, sf and iri with the estimated coefficients having the expected signs. The number of road traffic accident on the road increases with the traffic volume and the international roughness index while it decreases with shoulder factor. The systematic variation explained by the models amounts to 87.7, 78.1 and 74.4% for NB, ZINB and OL respectively. The research findings suggest the accident prediction models that should be integrated into pavement rehabilitation. Keywords:
{"title":"COMPARISON OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT PREDICTION MODELS FOR TWO-LANE HIGHWAY INTEGRATING TRAFFIC AND PAVEMENT CONDITION PARAMETERS","authors":"O. Popoola, O. Abiola, S. O. Odunfa, S. O. Ismaila","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1841","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria, literature on the integration of traffic of pavement condition and traffic characteristics in predicting road traffic accident frequency on 2-lane highways are scanty, hence this article to fill the gap. A comparison of road traffic accident frequency prediction models on IIesha-Akure-Owo road based on the data observed between 2012 and 2014 is presented. Negative Binomial (NB), Ordered Logistic (OL) and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) models were used to model the frequency of road traffic accident occurrence using road traffic accident data from the Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) and pavement conditions parameters from pavement evaluation unit of the Federal Ministry of Works, Kaduna. The explanatory variables were: annual average daily traffic (aadt), shoulder factor (sf), rut depth (rd), pavement condition index (pci), and international roughness index (iri). The explanatory variables that were statistically significant for the three models are aadt, sf and iri with the estimated coefficients having the expected signs. The number of road traffic accident on the road increases with the traffic volume and the international roughness index while it decreases with shoulder factor. The systematic variation explained by the models amounts to 87.7, 78.1 and 74.4% for NB, ZINB and OL respectively. The research findings suggest the accident prediction models that should be integrated into pavement rehabilitation. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130576130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1893
I. Awoyelu, I. Agboola
Learning disability is a general term that describes specific kinds of learning problems. Although, Learning Disability cannot be cured medically, there exist several methods for detecting learning disabilities in a child. Existing methods of classification of learning disabilities in children are binary classification – either a child is normal or learning disabled. The focus of this paper is to extend the binary classification to multi-label classification of learning disabilities. This paper formulated and simulated a classification model for learning disabilities in primary school pupils. Information containing the symptoms of learning disabilities in pupils were elicited by administering five hundred (500) questionnaire to teachers of Primary One to Four pupils in fifteen government owned elementary schools within Ife Central Local Government Area, Ile-Ife of Osun State. The classification model was formulated using Principal Component Analysis, rule based system and back propagation algorithm. The formulated model was simulated using Waikatto Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) version 3.7.2. The performance of the model was evaluated using precision and accuracy. The classification model of primary one, primary two, primary three and primary four yielded precision rate of 95%, 91.18%, 93.10% and 93.60% respectively while the accuracy results were 95.00%, 91.18%, 93.10% and 93.60% respectively. The results obtained showed that the developed model proved to be accurate and precise in classifying pupils with learning disabilities in primary schools. The model can be adopted for the management of pupils with learning disabilities.
学习障碍是一个描述特定类型学习问题的通用术语。虽然学习障碍不能从医学上治愈，但有几种方法可以检测儿童的学习障碍。现有的儿童学习障碍的分类方法是二元分类——要么是正常儿童，要么是学习障碍儿童。本文的重点是将二元分类扩展到学习障碍的多标签分类。本文建立并模拟了小学生学习障碍分类模型。包含学生学习障碍症状的信息是通过向奥松州伊莱-伊夫中央地方政府区内15所公立小学的一至四年级教师发放500份问卷得出的。采用主成分分析、基于规则的系统和反向传播算法建立了分类模型。采用Waikatto Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) 3.7.2版对模型进行仿真。通过精密度和准确度对模型的性能进行了评价。小学一、小学二、小学三、小学四分类模型的准确率分别为95%、91.18%、93.10%和93.60%，准确率分别为95.00%、91.18%、93.10%和93.60%。结果表明，所建立的模型对小学学习障碍学生的分类是准确和精确的。该模型可用于学习障碍学生的管理。
{"title":"CLASSIFICATION MODEL FOR LEARNING DISABILITIES IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS","authors":"I. Awoyelu, I. Agboola","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1893","url":null,"abstract":"Learning disability is a general term that describes specific kinds of learning problems. Although, Learning Disability cannot be cured medically, there exist several methods for detecting learning disabilities in a child. Existing methods of classification of learning disabilities in children are binary classification – either a child is normal or learning disabled. The focus of this paper is to extend the binary classification to multi-label classification of learning disabilities. This paper formulated and simulated a classification model for learning disabilities in primary school pupils. Information containing the symptoms of learning disabilities in pupils were elicited by administering five hundred (500) questionnaire to teachers of Primary One to Four pupils in fifteen government owned elementary schools within Ife Central Local Government Area, Ile-Ife of Osun State. The classification model was formulated using Principal Component Analysis, rule based system and back propagation algorithm. The formulated model was simulated using Waikatto Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) version 3.7.2. The performance of the model was evaluated using precision and accuracy. The classification model of primary one, primary two, primary three and primary four yielded precision rate of 95%, 91.18%, 93.10% and 93.60% respectively while the accuracy results were 95.00%, 91.18%, 93.10% and 93.60% respectively. The results obtained showed that the developed model proved to be accurate and precise in classifying pupils with learning disabilities in primary schools. The model can be adopted for the management of pupils with learning disabilities. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132682078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1848
M. Adegunwa, D. A. Osisanya, A. Adebowale, H. A. Bakare
A total of 12 samples of egg rolls retailed in three locations in Abeokuta and a laboratory prepared sample serving as control were analyzed for their microbial load and presence of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Chromium). The samples were analyzed for bacteria using standard procedures. Analysis of the food samples showed that total viable bacterial count ranged from 1.2 x 105 to 4.2 x 105 cfu/g, total staphylococcus count ranged between 1.2 x 104 and 6.4 x 104 cfu/g, coliform count ranged from 1.0 x 104 to 3.0 x 104cfu/g, total campylobacter count ranged between 1.0x104 and1.3x104 cfu/g and there were no growths for the total listeria count. Five bacteria genera were isolated including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Campylobacter coli. Cadmium and Chromium contamination ranged from 3.50±0.71 - 12.50±0.71 and 0.75±0.35 - 3.50±0.00 respectively. Statistical analysis of the heavy metals shows a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control and samples. The level of microbial contamination could be associated with inadequate handling and processing by processors and vendors, contamination caused by either poor hygiene or poor quality of water used. Moreover, contamination of cadmium and chromium in all the samples could be incident upon the water used in producing it, however lead was absent in all the samples. It is therefore recommended that health education should be done for food handlers and consumers about food safety.
{"title":"CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL SAFETY OF STREET VENDED EGG ROLL IN ABEOKUTA METROPOLIS","authors":"M. Adegunwa, D. A. Osisanya, A. Adebowale, H. A. Bakare","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1848","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 12 samples of egg rolls retailed in three locations in Abeokuta and a laboratory prepared sample serving as control were analyzed for their microbial load and presence of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Chromium). The samples were analyzed for bacteria using standard procedures. Analysis of the food samples showed that total viable bacterial count ranged from 1.2 x 105 to 4.2 x 105 cfu/g, total staphylococcus count ranged between 1.2 x 104 and 6.4 x 104 cfu/g, coliform count ranged from 1.0 x 104 to 3.0 x 104cfu/g, total campylobacter count ranged between 1.0x104 and1.3x104 cfu/g and there were no growths for the total listeria count. Five bacteria genera were isolated including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Campylobacter coli. Cadmium and Chromium contamination ranged from 3.50±0.71 - 12.50±0.71 and 0.75±0.35 - 3.50±0.00 respectively. Statistical analysis of the heavy metals shows a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control and samples. The level of microbial contamination could be associated with inadequate handling and processing by processors and vendors, contamination caused by either poor hygiene or poor quality of water used. Moreover, contamination of cadmium and chromium in all the samples could be incident upon the water used in producing it, however lead was absent in all the samples. It is therefore recommended that health education should be done for food handlers and consumers about food safety. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124164208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/JNSET.V13I1.1498
I. A. Ola, G. Makanjuola, E. Ajisegiri, O. Aremu, T. Olayanju
The timely production of diced dough for the final preparation of chin-chin (a confectionery made of fried dough) have not witnessed any substantial development among the women folk that engaged in such activities in Nigeria. A manually operated dough-dicing machine was designed and developed for the timely production of diced dough. The dough dicer offers a better method of dicing dough into various desired shapes and lengths, which may not be possible with the existing processing method. Preliminary test of the manually operated dough dicer showed that a minimal pressure of 4473.122 Pa is sufficient to force out the dough through the die outlet. The low cost dough dicer requires the minimum manual power input of 0.16 Watt for the dicing of the dough with a density of 1126.4 Kg/m3. The overall performance of the manually operated dough dicer showed that the machine would be of great benefit to the small scale producers of the confectionery
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A MANUALLY OPERATED DOUGH DICING MACHINE FOR COLD EXTRUSION","authors":"I. A. Ola, G. Makanjuola, E. Ajisegiri, O. Aremu, T. Olayanju","doi":"10.51406/JNSET.V13I1.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/JNSET.V13I1.1498","url":null,"abstract":"The timely production of diced dough for the final preparation of chin-chin (a confectionery made of \u0000fried dough) have not witnessed any substantial development among the women folk that engaged in \u0000such activities in Nigeria. A manually operated dough-dicing machine was designed and developed for \u0000the timely production of diced dough. The dough dicer offers a better method of dicing dough into various \u0000desired shapes and lengths, which may not be possible with the existing processing method. Preliminary \u0000test of the manually operated dough dicer showed that a minimal pressure of 4473.122 Pa is \u0000sufficient to force out the dough through the die outlet. The low cost dough dicer requires the minimum \u0000manual power input of 0.16 Watt for the dicing of the dough with a density of 1126.4 Kg/m3. The overall \u0000performance of the manually operated dough dicer showed that the machine would be of great \u0000benefit to the small scale producers of the confectionery","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132495513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1906
F. Okikiola, O. S. Adewale, A. M. Mustapha, A. M. Ikotun, O. Lawal
Diabetes Management System (DMS) is a computer-based system which aid physicians in properly diagnosing diabetes mellitus disease in patients. The DMS is essential in making individuals who have diabetes aware of their state and type. Existing approaches employed have not been efficient in considering all the diabetes type as well as making full prescription to diabetes patients. In this paper, a framework for an improved Ontology-based Diabetes Management System with a Bayesian optimization technique is presented. This helped in managing the diagnosis of diabetes and the prescription of treatment and drug to patients using the ontology knowledge management. The framework was implemented using Java programming language on Netbeans IDE, Protégé 4.2 and mysql. An extract of the ontology graph and acyclic probability graph was shown. The result showed that the nature of Bayesian network which has to do with statistical calculations based on equations, functions and sample frequencies led to more precise and reliable outcome.
{"title":"A FRAMEWORK FOR ONTOLOGY- BASED DIABETES DIAGNOSIS USING BAYELSIAN OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE","authors":"F. Okikiola, O. S. Adewale, A. M. Mustapha, A. M. Ikotun, O. Lawal","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1906","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Management System (DMS) is a computer-based system which aid physicians in properly diagnosing diabetes mellitus disease in patients. The DMS is essential in making individuals who have diabetes aware of their state and type. Existing approaches employed have not been efficient in considering all the diabetes type as well as making full prescription to diabetes patients. In this paper, a framework for an improved Ontology-based Diabetes Management System with a Bayesian optimization technique is presented. This helped in managing the diagnosis of diabetes and the prescription of treatment and drug to patients using the ontology knowledge management. The framework was implemented using Java programming language on Netbeans IDE, Protégé 4.2 and mysql. An extract of the ontology graph and acyclic probability graph was shown. The result showed that the nature of Bayesian network which has to do with statistical calculations based on equations, functions and sample frequencies led to more precise and reliable outcome. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1899
E. Oladele, T. Yahaya, O. O. Adewumi
This study evaluated the phytotoxic effects of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) as Pb(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2 on maize (Zea mays L) considering the plants’ growth indices, biomass as well as soil parameters and soil microorganisms after treatment. The results showed that plant growth significantly reduced with increasing concentrations (100,150 and 200 mgkg-1) of Pb and Zn contamination. The results indicated significant inhibitory effect on the growth parameters (stem height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight) measured, compared to control experiment. This study therefore revealed that the heavy metals have harmful effects on maize’s growth. Consequently, the consumption of such contaminated cereal by man and animals can lead to their death after the metals have biomagnified in their systems. Lead and Zn application in general, affected the vegetative growth; both fresh and dry weights were reduced with increasing concentrations of the metals. These results show that these metals are toxic to human and animal health. As a result, farmers should be encouraged to use water from good source for irrigation and also cultivate on metal-free soils if possible to save lives.
{"title":"GROWTH RESPONSE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) TO METAL TOXICITY","authors":"E. Oladele, T. Yahaya, O. O. Adewumi","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1899","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the phytotoxic effects of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) as Pb(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2 on maize (Zea mays L) considering the plants’ growth indices, biomass as well as soil parameters and soil microorganisms after treatment. The results showed that plant growth significantly reduced with increasing concentrations (100,150 and 200 mgkg-1) of Pb and Zn contamination. The results indicated significant inhibitory effect on the growth parameters (stem height, root length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight) measured, compared to control experiment. This study therefore revealed that the heavy metals have harmful effects on maize’s growth. Consequently, the consumption of such contaminated cereal by man and animals can lead to their death after the metals have biomagnified in their systems. Lead and Zn application in general, affected the vegetative growth; both fresh and dry weights were reduced with increasing concentrations of the metals. These results show that these metals are toxic to human and animal health. As a result, farmers should be encouraged to use water from good source for irrigation and also cultivate on metal-free soils if possible to save lives. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"386 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122086030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1903
G. C. Agu, B. T. Thomas, O. Salami, O. Popoola
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen and one of the leading causes of multi-drug resistant nosocomial infections. This study was therefore carried out to determine the resistance nature, and the role of efflux pump in multidrug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different environmental sources using the efflux pump inhibitor, Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). A total of 220 environmental samples were collected and processed following standard techniques. Susceptibility to antibiotics was performed using disc diffusion methods as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Activity of the efflux pump system was carried out using the efflux pump inhibitor, CCCP. Results obtained identified 100 (45.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 72 (32.7%) other strains of Pseudomonas spp. The susceptibility testing revealed that all the identified strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were subjected to susceptibility test were significantly resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime, But the resistance profile of isolates to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and perfloxacin were 93%, 72.1%, 79.1%, 58.1% and 51.2% respectively. However, imipenem was the most sensitive (100%), followed by cefepime (65%) and gentamicin (44%). Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolates by 2 folds. Results obtained have shown the ubiquitous presence of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa from the environmental samples examined. Furthermore, it indicated the role of efflux pump in antibiotics resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates which indicate that P. aeruginosa strains from environmental sources could resist antibiotics by the efflux mechanism.
{"title":"EFFLUX MEDIATED MULTIDRUG RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES","authors":"G. C. Agu, B. T. Thomas, O. Salami, O. Popoola","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v17i1.1903","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen and one of the leading causes of multi-drug resistant nosocomial infections. This study was therefore carried out to determine the resistance nature, and the role of efflux pump in multidrug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different environmental sources using the efflux pump inhibitor, Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). A total of 220 environmental samples were collected and processed following standard techniques. Susceptibility to antibiotics was performed using disc diffusion methods as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Activity of the efflux pump system was carried out using the efflux pump inhibitor, CCCP. Results obtained identified 100 (45.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 72 (32.7%) other strains of Pseudomonas spp. The susceptibility testing revealed that all the identified strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were subjected to susceptibility test were significantly resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime, But the resistance profile of isolates to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and perfloxacin were 93%, 72.1%, 79.1%, 58.1% and 51.2% respectively. However, imipenem was the most sensitive (100%), followed by cefepime (65%) and gentamicin (44%). Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolates by 2 folds. Results obtained have shown the ubiquitous presence of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa from the environmental samples examined. Furthermore, it indicated the role of efflux pump in antibiotics resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates which indicate that P. aeruginosa strains from environmental sources could resist antibiotics by the efflux mechanism. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126727855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1844
M. Adegunwa, I. O. Oyesiji, A. Adebowale, H. A. Bakare
The study assessed the chemical and microbial safety of street vended local drink ‘Lego’ collected from three different vendors in Abeokuta metropolis. A control sample was prepared in the laboratory and nine samples of three different flavours (orange, pineapple and blackcurrant) were collected. Total Vibrio count, total faecal Coliform and total staphylococcus count were estimated in all the samples. Total Vibrio cholera is completely absent while Five samples were found to harbour total staphylococci counts of bacteria within the range of 0.7-1.5x104cfu/ml. All the samples exhibited the presence of Coliform counts within the range of 1.0-9.5x104cfu/ml and Staphylococcus aurous, Micrococcus acidophilus and Klebsiella aerogenes species were bacteria isolated from the samples collected. Heavy metals were also estimated in all the collected samples. Chromium and lead were absent but cadmium was present and is within 0.01-0.025mg/g. The lowest is from orange flavour at camp with 0.01 mg/g while the highest is from Lafenwa in pineapple flavour with 0.025mg/g. Total titratable acidity ranges from 0.175 – 0.219 and the pH ranges from 4.21±0.14 and 5.40±0.00. Hence, these implies that Lego flavoured drink is bacteriologically and chemically unsafe for consumption.
{"title":"CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ‘LEGO’-A LOCALLY PRODUCED FLAVOURED DRINKS","authors":"M. Adegunwa, I. O. Oyesiji, A. Adebowale, H. A. Bakare","doi":"10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51406/jnset.v16i2.1844","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the chemical and microbial safety of street vended local drink ‘Lego’ collected from three different vendors in Abeokuta metropolis. A control sample was prepared in the laboratory and nine samples of three different flavours (orange, pineapple and blackcurrant) were collected. Total Vibrio count, total faecal Coliform and total staphylococcus count were estimated in all the samples. Total Vibrio cholera is completely absent while Five samples were found to harbour total staphylococci counts of bacteria within the range of 0.7-1.5x104cfu/ml. All the samples exhibited the presence of Coliform counts within the range of 1.0-9.5x104cfu/ml and Staphylococcus aurous, Micrococcus acidophilus and Klebsiella aerogenes species were bacteria isolated from the samples collected. Heavy metals were also estimated in all the collected samples. Chromium and lead were absent but cadmium was present and is within 0.01-0.025mg/g. The lowest is from orange flavour at camp with 0.01 mg/g while the highest is from Lafenwa in pineapple flavour with 0.025mg/g. Total titratable acidity ranges from 0.175 – 0.219 and the pH ranges from 4.21±0.14 and 5.40±0.00. Hence, these implies that Lego flavoured drink is bacteriologically and chemically unsafe for consumption.","PeriodicalId":389500,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126427151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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