Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-150
M. Palamuleni
Although the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 5.7 in 2010 to 4.6 during 2015-16, fertility in Malawi remains high. The high fertility is responsible for the rapid population growth, which negatively impacts the social and economic development of the country. Available data show that nearly 90% of all births in the country occur among married women. The main objective of the study is to investigate the determinants of fertility among married women (marital fertility) in Malawi. This study used data extracted from the 2010 and 2015–16 Malawi demographic and health surveys. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with fertility among married women. The mean number of children born declined from 3.80 in 2010 to 3.44 in 2015. The background characteristics of the women were found to be accounted for the variation. Poisson regression analysis revealed that the age of respondent, place of residence, contraceptive use, age at first sex, age at marriage, age at birth, marriage duration, wanted last birth, ideal number of children, death of child and education were all factors significantly related to fertility. These significant factors should be the focus of programs that aim to further reduce fertility in Malawi.
{"title":"Determinants of High Marital Fertility in Malawi: Evidence from 2010 and 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys","authors":"M. Palamuleni","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-150","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Although the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 5.7 in 2010 to 4.6 during 2015-16, fertility in Malawi remains high. The high fertility is responsible for the rapid population growth, which negatively impacts the social and economic development of the country. Available data show that nearly 90% of all births in the country occur among married women.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The main objective of the study is to investigate the determinants of fertility among married women (marital fertility) in Malawi.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study used data extracted from the 2010 and 2015–16 Malawi demographic and health surveys. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with fertility among married women.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The mean number of children born declined from 3.80 in 2010 to 3.44 in 2015. The background characteristics of the women were found to be accounted for the variation. Poisson regression analysis revealed that the age of respondent, place of residence, contraceptive use, age at first sex, age at marriage, age at birth, marriage duration, wanted last birth, ideal number of children, death of child and education were all factors significantly related to fertility.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 These significant factors should be the focus of programs that aim to further reduce fertility in Malawi.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45124904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-206
Sima Ghorbanzadeh, Mina Maheri, Hamid Reza Khalkhali, Alireza Didarloo
Background and Purpose: COVID-19 is a new viral disease that has led to a pandemic due to its high infectivity. Since many people do not have access to available vaccines, preventive behavior is the only way to fight the disease. Despite the great emphasis on preventive behaviors, many people do not follow them so the etiology of this issue seems necessary; hence, the present study aimed to determine the predictors of intention and COVID-19 preventive behaviors using the theory of planned behavior. Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-analytical and was conducted among individuals over 18 years of age living in Urmia. Samples were selected by snowball and convenience sampling. Data were collected using a valid and reliable electronic researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (demographic characteristics, questions about knowledge, questions about constructs of the theory of planned behavior, and questions about COVID-19 preventive behaviors), and they were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The results indicated a positive and statistically significant correlation between the COVID-19 preventive behaviors and constructs, namely the attitude (p < 0.001, r = 0.65), subjective norms (p < 0.001, r = 0.67), perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001, r = 0.72), and behavioral intention (p < 0.001, r = 0.76). Based on regression analyses, the constructs of the theory of planned behavior predicted a total of 65% of the variance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and 73% of the variance of behavioral intention. Among the constructs, behavioral intention (p < 0.001, β = 0.393) was the strongest predictor of behavior, and perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001, β = 0.546) was the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. Conclusion: The research results indicated the efficiency of the theory of planned behavior in predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors; hence, the theory and its effective constructs, especially behavioral intention, can be utilized in the development of educational programs and interventions to change the citizens' behavior towards COVID-19.
背景与目的:COVID-19是一种新型病毒性疾病，因其高传染性而导致大流行。由于许多人无法获得可用的疫苗，预防行为是对抗这种疾病的唯一途径。尽管非常强调预防行为，但许多人并没有遵循这些行为，因此这个问题的病因学似乎是必要的;因此，本研究旨在利用计划行为理论确定意图和COVID-19预防行为的预测因素。材料和方法:本研究采用描述性分析方法，在18岁以上居住在乌尔米亚的个体中进行。采用滚雪球法和方便抽样法选取样本。采用有效、可靠的电子问卷(人口统计学特征、知识问题、计划行为理论构建问题和COVID-19预防行为问题)收集数据，并采用描述性和推断性统计方法进行分析。结果:结果显示，新冠肺炎预防行为与心理结构(态度)呈正相关且有统计学意义(p <0.001, r = 0.65)，主观规范(p <0.001, r = 0.67)，感知行为控制(p <0.001, r = 0.72)，行为意向(p <0.001, r = 0.76)。基于回归分析，计划行为理论的构式共预测了65%的COVID-19预防行为方差和73%的行为意向方差。构念中，行为意向(p <0.001， β = 0.393)是行为和感知行为控制的最强预测因子(p <0.001， β = 0.546)是行为意向的最强预测因子。结论:研究结果表明计划行为理论在预测COVID-19预防行为方面是有效的;因此，该理论及其有效结构，特别是行为意向，可以用于制定教育计划和干预措施，以改变公民对COVID-19的行为。
{"title":"Determinants of Intention and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors among the Urban Population: The Use of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)","authors":"Sima Ghorbanzadeh, Mina Maheri, Hamid Reza Khalkhali, Alireza Didarloo","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-206","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: COVID-19 is a new viral disease that has led to a pandemic due to its high infectivity. Since many people do not have access to available vaccines, preventive behavior is the only way to fight the disease. Despite the great emphasis on preventive behaviors, many people do not follow them so the etiology of this issue seems necessary; hence, the present study aimed to determine the predictors of intention and COVID-19 preventive behaviors using the theory of planned behavior. Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-analytical and was conducted among individuals over 18 years of age living in Urmia. Samples were selected by snowball and convenience sampling. Data were collected using a valid and reliable electronic researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (demographic characteristics, questions about knowledge, questions about constructs of the theory of planned behavior, and questions about COVID-19 preventive behaviors), and they were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The results indicated a positive and statistically significant correlation between the COVID-19 preventive behaviors and constructs, namely the attitude (p < 0.001, r = 0.65), subjective norms (p < 0.001, r = 0.67), perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001, r = 0.72), and behavioral intention (p < 0.001, r = 0.76). Based on regression analyses, the constructs of the theory of planned behavior predicted a total of 65% of the variance of COVID-19 preventive behaviors and 73% of the variance of behavioral intention. Among the constructs, behavioral intention (p < 0.001, β = 0.393) was the strongest predictor of behavior, and perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001, β = 0.546) was the strongest predictor of behavioral intention. Conclusion: The research results indicated the efficiency of the theory of planned behavior in predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors; hence, the theory and its effective constructs, especially behavioral intention, can be utilized in the development of educational programs and interventions to change the citizens' behavior towards COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-196
N. Forbinake, Julius Mekolle Enongene, Sangwe Clovis Nchinjoh, Vanessa Tabe Orock-Benem, Sydney Engelberg, D. Chinitz
Cameroon is a “decentralized unitary State” but is financially centralized. Its health sector faces inequities in financial resource allocation from central to peripheral levels generating significant disparities in healthcare delivery at the regional, district, and health facility levels. Despite a 68.3% increase in national financial allocation and 100% budget execution, the resource allocation inequities persist, with less than 50% of the resources allocated to integrated health centers reaching the intended benefactors. The main questions analysed are: why are most of the finances allocated to the Central level, and what current structures can be adapted to effectively “decentralize” the financial resources? The advantages of decentralizing health systems include increased efficiency, quality of health services, promotion of accountability and local governance of the health system, and 'shock-absorber' effects. Recommendations on making this budget reallocation sustainable in Cameroonian will eventually come through organizational change and the use of needs-based reallocation formulae to ensure objectivity and dilute subjectivity. Central Administration to act as a regulator with an ombudsman from the National Anti-Corruption Commission or the office of the Public Independent Conciliator to prevent financial leakages at the district and regional health levels. A close-to-ground governance system will help resolve staff absenteeism, motivation, career management, and retention issues. Centralization is needed to steer national policies, but decentralization will prevent embezzlement and corruption, avoid supply delays, promote Universal Health Coverage application, local autonomy tailored to the specific needs of different health districts and assist in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 and other health-related SDGs.
{"title":"Reallocation of Cameroon’s Public Health Budget from the Central Administration to Regional Level: Is it Worthwhile?","authors":"N. Forbinake, Julius Mekolle Enongene, Sangwe Clovis Nchinjoh, Vanessa Tabe Orock-Benem, Sydney Engelberg, D. Chinitz","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230419-2022-196","url":null,"abstract":"Cameroon is a “decentralized unitary State” but is financially centralized. Its health sector faces inequities in financial resource allocation from central to peripheral levels generating significant disparities in healthcare delivery at the regional, district, and health facility levels. Despite a 68.3% increase in national financial allocation and 100% budget execution, the resource allocation inequities persist, with less than 50% of the resources allocated to integrated health centers reaching the intended benefactors.\u0000 The main questions analysed are: why are most of the finances allocated to the Central level, and what current structures can be adapted to effectively “decentralize” the financial resources? The advantages of decentralizing health systems include increased efficiency, quality of health services, promotion of accountability and local governance of the health system, and 'shock-absorber' effects. Recommendations on making this budget reallocation sustainable in Cameroonian will eventually come through organizational change and the use of needs-based reallocation formulae to ensure objectivity and dilute subjectivity. Central Administration to act as a regulator with an ombudsman from the National Anti-Corruption Commission or the office of the Public Independent Conciliator to prevent financial leakages at the district and regional health levels.\u0000 A close-to-ground governance system will help resolve staff absenteeism, motivation, career management, and retention issues. Centralization is needed to steer national policies, but decentralization will prevent embezzlement and corruption, avoid supply delays, promote Universal Health Coverage application, local autonomy tailored to the specific needs of different health districts and assist in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 and other health-related SDGs.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44293302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230418-2022-91
Clement N. Semenya, Sikheto S. Golele, L. Mabuza
Lower limb fractures result in a greater physical impact on health than those in other parts of the body. Open tibial fractures are orthopaedic emergencies necessitating prompt treatment. A study was conducted to determine the clinical profiles and outcomes of patients treated for open tibial fractures using the external fixator method. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 101 patients who had been treated with the external fixator method for open tibial fractures from 1st January, 2014 to 31st December, 2015. Patient profiles included their baseline characteristics, risk factors, and injury mode. Clinical outcomes were sepsis, delayed union, and the number of days to the union. Correlation tests were conducted to establish associations. All statistical tests were performed on SAS, Release 9.3 (2015). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Most respondents were male (87; 86.1%) with a secondary level of education (83; 82.2%). The most frequent modes of injury were motor-vehicle accidents (MVAs) (34; 33.7%) and assault (21; 20.8%). MVA (27; 26.7%) resulted in the highest complications. Osteomyelitis and pin traction sepsis accounted for 19/65 (29%) of all complications. Delayed union was mostly observed among respondents who smoked cigarettes, i.e., 49/63 (29%). MVA, PVA, gunshot, and assault constituted the highest proportions. Cigarette smoking was the risk factor with the highest proportion and was related to delayed union and non-union. Osteomyelitis and pin tract sepsis occurred in high proportions. Behavioural change towards quitting smoking and antibiotic coverage should be advocated to benefit patients with open tibial fractures.
{"title":"An Evaluation of the Use of External Fixator in the Management of Open Tibial Shaft Fractures at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa","authors":"Clement N. Semenya, Sikheto S. Golele, L. Mabuza","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230418-2022-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230418-2022-91","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Lower limb fractures result in a greater physical impact on health than those in other parts of the body. Open tibial fractures are orthopaedic emergencies necessitating prompt treatment. A study was conducted to determine the clinical profiles and outcomes of patients treated for open tibial fractures using the external fixator method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 101 patients who had been treated with the external fixator method for open tibial fractures from 1st January, 2014 to 31st December, 2015. Patient profiles included their baseline characteristics, risk factors, and injury mode. Clinical outcomes were sepsis, delayed union, and the number of days to the union. Correlation tests were conducted to establish associations. All statistical tests were performed on SAS, Release 9.3 (2015). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most respondents were male (87; 86.1%) with a secondary level of education (83; 82.2%). The most frequent modes of injury were motor-vehicle accidents (MVAs) (34; 33.7%) and assault (21; 20.8%). MVA (27; 26.7%) resulted in the highest complications. Osteomyelitis and pin traction sepsis accounted for 19/65 (29%) of all complications. Delayed union was mostly observed among respondents who smoked cigarettes, i.e., 49/63 (29%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MVA, PVA, gunshot, and assault constituted the highest proportions. Cigarette smoking was the risk factor with the highest proportion and was related to delayed union and non-union. Osteomyelitis and pin tract sepsis occurred in high proportions. Behavioural change towards quitting smoking and antibiotic coverage should be advocated to benefit patients with open tibial fractures.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44874531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230418-2022-ht21-4315-1
M. Ede, Chinedu Ifedi Okeke
This study surveyed the prevalence of suicidal behavior in a higher education setting. Two particular purposes, two research questions, and two null hypotheses were used to steer this study in order to achieve the objectives. This descriptive design made use of the University of Nigeria Nsukka's student demographics. A total of 100 students made up the study's sample. To obtain the sample, an unintentional sampling method was employed. For this study, a self-created questionnaire called the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ) was utilized. The data collected was analyzed using mean and percentages. The findings indicated that university students do not engage in suicide behavior. Additionally, it demonstrated the rarity of suicide thoughts. Gender has no discernible effect on the replies of male and female tertiary institution students based on their encounters with suicidal behavior. The mean replies of male and female tertiary institution students on the occurrence of suicide events show no discernible gender-based differences. According to the findings, it is advised that suicide education and prevention be taught in schools and that guidance counselors post bulletins on suicidology.
{"title":"Prevalence of Suicidal Behavioural Experiences in the University: Implications for Childhood Development","authors":"M. Ede, Chinedu Ifedi Okeke","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230418-2022-ht21-4315-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230418-2022-ht21-4315-1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study surveyed the prevalence of suicidal behavior in a higher education setting. Two particular purposes, two research questions, and two null hypotheses were used to steer this study in order to achieve the objectives. This descriptive design made use of the University of Nigeria Nsukka's student demographics.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 100 students made up the study's sample. To obtain the sample, an unintentional sampling method was employed. For this study, a self-created questionnaire called the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ) was utilized. The data collected was analyzed using mean and percentages.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings indicated that university students do not engage in suicide behavior. Additionally, it demonstrated the rarity of suicide thoughts. Gender has no discernible effect on the replies of male and female tertiary institution students based on their encounters with suicidal behavior. The mean replies of male and female tertiary institution students on the occurrence of suicide events show no discernible gender-based differences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 According to the findings, it is advised that suicide education and prevention be taught in schools and that guidance counselors post bulletins on suicidology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-2304040-2022-170
Abul Hasan Bakibillah
Digital technologies have never had so many uses in our everyday lives, yet improper use has diminished our positive qualities. The issue of misusing digital media in terms of victimizing aspects of sexual and reproductive health has been identified as a serious concern in a variety of literature from various backgrounds around the world, including the study among US women on cyber harassment [1], the groundbreaking research on cyberbullying and middle school children [2], and the linear relationship between the rate of sexual offenses against children and internet availability in India [3, 4]. The Crimes Against Children Research Center, Thorn, and other well-known organizations, on the other hand, have addressed how the misuse of technology is impacting our ability to live moral lives.
数字技术在我们的日常生活中从未有过如此广泛的应用，但不当的使用已经削弱了我们的积极品质。在性和生殖健康受害方面，滥用数字媒体的问题已被世界各地不同背景的各种文献确定为一个严重关注的问题，包括美国妇女关于网络骚扰的研究[1]，关于网络欺凌和中学生的开创性研究b[2]，以及印度儿童性犯罪率与互联网可用性之间的线性关系[3,4]。另一方面，反儿童犯罪研究中心(Crimes Against Children Research Center)、索恩(Thorn)和其他知名组织，已经指出了滥用技术是如何影响我们过道德生活的能力的。
{"title":"Patterns and Aftermath of Sexual Health-related Misuse of Digital Media in Bangladesh: A Public Health Concern","authors":"Abul Hasan Bakibillah","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-2304040-2022-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-2304040-2022-170","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technologies have never had so many uses in our everyday lives, yet improper use has diminished our positive qualities. The issue of misusing digital media in terms of victimizing aspects of sexual and reproductive health has been identified as a serious concern in a variety of literature from various backgrounds around the world, including the study among US women on cyber harassment [1], the groundbreaking research on cyberbullying and middle school children [2], and the linear relationship between the rate of sexual offenses against children and internet availability in India [3, 4]. The Crimes Against Children Research Center, Thorn, and other well-known organizations, on the other hand, have addressed how the misuse of technology is impacting our ability to live moral lives.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43023337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e2304040-2022-61
Safa Al-Halbouni, Shadi Homsi, Nabil koshji
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common health disorders, which has become increasingly common in recent years. Type 2 diabetes affects about 90-95% of all diabetic patients, and is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance in most patients. The medical treatment aims to reduce insulin resistance and increase the production of insulin by pancreatic β-cells. Obestatin is a new hormone encoded by the Preghrelin gene. Obestatin is an anorexic hormone that reduces food intake. It has also been shown to play an important role in regulating glucose and lipid levels in the blood. Study Aim: Our study aims to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of obestatin in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes in reducing blood glucose and improving insulin levels, and its effect on insulin resistance, TG, TC and pancreatic β-cell survival. Methods: A total of 30 male Wister rats (150 -200g) were randomly divided into three groups: group I (control group), group II (T2DM group) induced by administration fructose solution 10% for 14 days, and single injection IP of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/Kg), group III (T2DM treated with obestatin) (25 μg/kg) IP twice daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment by terminal intracardiac sampling for bioassays to estimate fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and assessment of HOMA-IR. Body weight was also measured. Mean ± STD was calculated. The statistical significance of differences across the groups was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by a post Hoc Turkey’s test. The differences were considered significant at 0.05˃P. Results: After 30 days of obestatin treatment, the diabetic group showed a significant increase in glucose, TG, TC and HOMA-IR values and a significant decrease in insulin levels compared to the control group. In comparison, the obestatin-treated group of diabetic patients showed a significant decrease in glucose, TG and TC levels, with a slight increase in the insulin level compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the histological study (H&E) of isolated pancreatic tissue from the second group showed deformed, shrunken Langerhans islets with significant loss of their β- cells, and some cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Moreover, the histological features of the treatment group were somewhat similar to those of the control group. Conclusion: The results of our study showed the efficacy of obestatin as a treatment in reducing the levels of all glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol in the blood to normal limits in induced experimental rats with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the improvement of insulin levels in the blood, and the results of the histological study showed an improvement in the size of the islet and an increase in the number of β-cells. Thus, obestatin can be used as a promising target in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
{"title":"Evaluation the Effect of Chronic Obestatin Therapy on the Serum Glucose, Insulin And Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rats","authors":"Safa Al-Halbouni, Shadi Homsi, Nabil koshji","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e2304040-2022-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e2304040-2022-61","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common health disorders, which has become increasingly common in recent years. Type 2 diabetes affects about 90-95% of all diabetic patients, and is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance in most patients. The medical treatment aims to reduce insulin resistance and increase the production of insulin by pancreatic β-cells. Obestatin is a new hormone encoded by the Preghrelin gene. Obestatin is an anorexic hormone that reduces food intake. It has also been shown to play an important role in regulating glucose and lipid levels in the blood. Study Aim: Our study aims to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of obestatin in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes in reducing blood glucose and improving insulin levels, and its effect on insulin resistance, TG, TC and pancreatic β-cell survival. Methods: A total of 30 male Wister rats (150 -200g) were randomly divided into three groups: group I (control group), group II (T2DM group) induced by administration fructose solution 10% for 14 days, and single injection IP of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/Kg), group III (T2DM treated with obestatin) (25 μg/kg) IP twice daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment by terminal intracardiac sampling for bioassays to estimate fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and assessment of HOMA-IR. Body weight was also measured. Mean ± STD was calculated. The statistical significance of differences across the groups was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by a post Hoc Turkey’s test. The differences were considered significant at 0.05˃P. Results: After 30 days of obestatin treatment, the diabetic group showed a significant increase in glucose, TG, TC and HOMA-IR values and a significant decrease in insulin levels compared to the control group. In comparison, the obestatin-treated group of diabetic patients showed a significant decrease in glucose, TG and TC levels, with a slight increase in the insulin level compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the histological study (H&E) of isolated pancreatic tissue from the second group showed deformed, shrunken Langerhans islets with significant loss of their β- cells, and some cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Moreover, the histological features of the treatment group were somewhat similar to those of the control group. Conclusion: The results of our study showed the efficacy of obestatin as a treatment in reducing the levels of all glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol in the blood to normal limits in induced experimental rats with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the improvement of insulin levels in the blood, and the results of the histological study showed an improvement in the size of the islet and an increase in the number of β-cells. Thus, obestatin can be used as a promising target in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135906053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230405-2022-209
Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, F. Kamarehei, Amir Khodavirdipour, P. Mehrbod, M. Alikhani
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, and it occurs following persistent infection. Cervical cancer incidence is tightly linked to HPV infection (human papillomavirus), and particularly, type 16 and type 18 viruses cause the majority of cases. The common therapies for cervical cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, which are often invasive or unbearable treatment methods with many side effects. They just probably slow down the disease progression or alleviate any comorbid conditions, including vaginal bleeding and pain, which is called palliative care, while novel treatment approaches, especially virus-like particles and viral oncolysate, could eliminate these complications. In this review study, we have proposed a novel approach to cervical cancer therapy focused on utilizing Newcastle disease virus as viral oncolysate with a high potential of immunity induction and low side effects. Furthermore, we have attempted to shed some light on the perspectives of novel virus-based cervical cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we review the recent findings from basic and clinical studies and also discuss the usefulness and limitations of this approach, as well as the reasons why it is believed that viral oncolysate immunotherapy may be of relevance in the treatment of human cervical cancer.
{"title":"A Novel Approach to Cervical Cancer Therapy: A Short Review","authors":"Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, F. Kamarehei, Amir Khodavirdipour, P. Mehrbod, M. Alikhani","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230405-2022-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230405-2022-209","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, and it occurs following persistent infection. Cervical cancer incidence is tightly linked to HPV infection (human papillomavirus), and particularly, type 16 and type 18 viruses cause the majority of cases. The common therapies for cervical cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, which are often invasive or unbearable treatment methods with many side effects. They just probably slow down the disease progression or alleviate any comorbid conditions, including vaginal bleeding and pain, which is called palliative care, while novel treatment approaches, especially virus-like particles and viral oncolysate, could eliminate these complications. In this review study, we have proposed a novel approach to cervical cancer therapy focused on utilizing Newcastle disease virus as viral oncolysate with a high potential of immunity induction and low side effects. Furthermore, we have attempted to shed some light on the perspectives of novel virus-based cervical cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we review the recent findings from basic and clinical studies and also discuss the usefulness and limitations of this approach, as well as the reasons why it is believed that viral oncolysate immunotherapy may be of relevance in the treatment of human cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45746470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Health perceptions and increased self-care behaviors can effectively prevent and control many diseases and improve one’s health. This study aimed to investigate the association of self-care behaviors with lipid profiles and creatinine among an ethnic minority adult population in Thai rural communities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from January to April 2021 among ethnic minorities from hill tribe communities of Phayao Province, Northern Thailand. A total of 252 adults ages 20 and older were recruited from various ethnic groups, including Indigenous (34.5%), Hmong (25.4%), and Mien (40.1%) peoples. The data were obtained from face-to-face interviews using questionnaires and from blood samples. Results: Multiple linear regression revealed that self-care behavior score was associated with ethnicity, age, education, and self-efficacy score (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol level was associated with ethnicity, gender, financial status, drinking alcohol, smoking, and underlying disease (p < 0.05). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was associated with gender, financial status, and drinking alcohol (p < 0.05). Creatinine level was predicted by ethnicity, gender, age, smoking, and self-care behaviors (p < 0.05). Alcohol consumption was found to be a predictor of body mass index and blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Health promotion programs for specific populations should emphasize public health benefits ( e.g ., reducing risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), increasing health awareness and health beliefs for better outcome expectations, and enhancing the ability to perform self-health management routinely) in accordance with the local context of the studied population.
{"title":"Self-care Behaviors and Lipid Profiles among an Ethnic Minority Adult Population in Thai Rural Communities","authors":"Chitipat Mafu, Katekaew Seangpraw, Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Sorawit Boonyathee, Prakasit Tonchoy, Supakan Kantow, Nisarat Auttama, Monchanok Choowanthanapakorn, Prakaipetch Winaiprasert","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230404-2022-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230404-2022-173","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health perceptions and increased self-care behaviors can effectively prevent and control many diseases and improve one’s health. This study aimed to investigate the association of self-care behaviors with lipid profiles and creatinine among an ethnic minority adult population in Thai rural communities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from January to April 2021 among ethnic minorities from hill tribe communities of Phayao Province, Northern Thailand. A total of 252 adults ages 20 and older were recruited from various ethnic groups, including Indigenous (34.5%), Hmong (25.4%), and Mien (40.1%) peoples. The data were obtained from face-to-face interviews using questionnaires and from blood samples. Results: Multiple linear regression revealed that self-care behavior score was associated with ethnicity, age, education, and self-efficacy score (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol level was associated with ethnicity, gender, financial status, drinking alcohol, smoking, and underlying disease (p < 0.05). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was associated with gender, financial status, and drinking alcohol (p < 0.05). Creatinine level was predicted by ethnicity, gender, age, smoking, and self-care behaviors (p < 0.05). Alcohol consumption was found to be a predictor of body mass index and blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Health promotion programs for specific populations should emphasize public health benefits ( e.g ., reducing risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), increasing health awareness and health beliefs for better outcome expectations, and enhancing the ability to perform self-health management routinely) in accordance with the local context of the studied population.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136005963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230403-2022-173
Chitipat Mafu, Katekaew Seangpraw, P. Ong-Artborirak, Sorawit Boonyathee, P. Tonchoy, Supakan Kantow, Nisarat Auttama, Monchanok Choowanthanapakorn, Prakaipetch Winaiprasert
Health perceptions and increased self-care behaviors can effectively prevent and control many diseases and improve one’s health. This study aimed to investigate the association of self-care behaviors with lipid profiles and creatinine among an ethnic minority adult population in Thai rural communities. A cross-sectional study was performed from January to April 2021 among ethnic minorities from hill tribe communities of Phayao Province, Northern Thailand. A total of 252 adults ages 20 and older were recruited from various ethnic groups, including Indigenous (34.5%), Hmong (25.4%), and Mien (40.1%) peoples. The data were obtained from face-to-face interviews using questionnaires and from blood samples. Multiple linear regression revealed that self-care behavior score was associated with ethnicity, age, education, and self-efficacy score (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol level was associated with ethnicity, gender, financial status, drinking alcohol, smoking, and underlying disease (p < 0.05). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was associated with gender, financial status, and drinking alcohol (p < 0.05). Creatinine level was predicted by ethnicity, gender, age, smoking, and self-care behaviors (p < 0.05). Alcohol consumption was found to be a predictor of body mass index and blood pressure (p < 0.05). Health promotion programs for specific populations should emphasize public health benefits (e.g., reducing risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), increasing health awareness and health beliefs for better outcome expectations, and enhancing the ability to perform self-health management routinely) in accordance with the local context of the studied population.
{"title":"Self-care Behaviors and Lipid Profiles among an Ethnic Minority Adult Population in Thai Rural Communities","authors":"Chitipat Mafu, Katekaew Seangpraw, P. Ong-Artborirak, Sorawit Boonyathee, P. Tonchoy, Supakan Kantow, Nisarat Auttama, Monchanok Choowanthanapakorn, Prakaipetch Winaiprasert","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230403-2022-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230403-2022-173","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Health perceptions and increased self-care behaviors can effectively prevent and control many diseases and improve one’s health. This study aimed to investigate the association of self-care behaviors with lipid profiles and creatinine among an ethnic minority adult population in Thai rural communities.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was performed from January to April 2021 among ethnic minorities from hill tribe communities of Phayao Province, Northern Thailand. A total of 252 adults ages 20 and older were recruited from various ethnic groups, including Indigenous (34.5%), Hmong (25.4%), and Mien (40.1%) peoples. The data were obtained from face-to-face interviews using questionnaires and from blood samples.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Multiple linear regression revealed that self-care behavior score was associated with ethnicity, age, education, and self-efficacy score (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol level was associated with ethnicity, gender, financial status, drinking alcohol, smoking, and underlying disease (p < 0.05). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was associated with gender, financial status, and drinking alcohol (p < 0.05). Creatinine level was predicted by ethnicity, gender, age, smoking, and self-care behaviors (p < 0.05). Alcohol consumption was found to be a predictor of body mass index and blood pressure (p < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Health promotion programs for specific populations should emphasize public health benefits (e.g., reducing risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), increasing health awareness and health beliefs for better outcome expectations, and enhancing the ability to perform self-health management routinely) in accordance with the local context of the studied population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41781159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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