Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0009
Architectural models or maquetas are an exceptional type of artifact due to the symbolical, technological, and material information embedded in them. They provide us with a rare emic view of ancient landscapes, building techniques, materials, and of the way spaces, sites, and landscapes were structured. These interpretations, however, can be influenced by the cultural bias of the observer. When found in their context of use or discard, they can offer valuable insights into their function and into the identities of those who used them. On the North Coast of Peru, and particularly in San José de Moro, tens of these artifacts were encountered in the largest funerary chambers and in the boot-shaped tombs. In this chapter, Castillo Butters explores the material characteristics of these maquetas, the contexts in which they were found, and the different ways of interpreting their symbolic meanings.
{"title":"Ephemeral Memories","authors":"","doi":"10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural models or maquetas are an exceptional type of artifact due to the symbolical, technological, and material information embedded in them. They provide us with a rare emic view of ancient landscapes, building techniques, materials, and of the way spaces, sites, and landscapes were structured. These interpretations, however, can be influenced by the cultural bias of the observer. When found in their context of use or discard, they can offer valuable insights into their function and into the identities of those who used them. On the North Coast of Peru, and particularly in San José de Moro, tens of these artifacts were encountered in the largest funerary chambers and in the boot-shaped tombs. In this chapter, Castillo Butters explores the material characteristics of these maquetas, the contexts in which they were found, and the different ways of interpreting their symbolic meanings.","PeriodicalId":389636,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Interpretations","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129429828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0005
The Inca khipus—the principal record-keeping device used for administrative and narrative records in the Inca Empire—is usually thought of in terms of its display of signs (e.g., cord groups and color differences denoting categories of objects; knot clusters signifying decimal values). In this chapter, however, it is argued that both in their materiality, which in a few cases includes iconography, and in the elaborate displays of khipus by the cord-keepers (the khipukamayuqs) during cord-reading performances, there were numerous symbolic elements at play as well. This description and analysis of signs and symbols in khipus and khipu-reading performances provides the setting for comments on the relationship between signs and symbols in pre-Columbian Andean art and material culture more generally.
{"title":"Twisting and Spinning from Symbols to Signs","authors":"","doi":"10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The Inca khipus—the principal record-keeping device used for administrative and narrative records in the Inca Empire—is usually thought of in terms of its display of signs (e.g., cord groups and color differences denoting categories of objects; knot clusters signifying decimal values). In this chapter, however, it is argued that both in their materiality, which in a few cases includes iconography, and in the elaborate displays of khipus by the cord-keepers (the khipukamayuqs) during cord-reading performances, there were numerous symbolic elements at play as well. This description and analysis of signs and symbols in khipus and khipu-reading performances provides the setting for comments on the relationship between signs and symbols in pre-Columbian Andean art and material culture more generally.","PeriodicalId":389636,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Interpretations","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134017311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0007
Of the major media in the Recuay culture (AD 1–700, Peru), metalwork is perhaps the least understood. This chapter reviews the major forms of Recuay metalwork (personal adornments, weapons) and focuses on their imagery, technology, and contexts of use at three sites: Pashash, Pomakayán, and Chinchawas. Metals were not used for everyday objects. Rather, as signs of wealth and distinction, they served to affix people’s “social skin”—that frontier that mediates self and others. Metal objects were complements to textiles and therefore essential in making Recuay persons, namely chiefly lords and noble women, especially during times of social display and funerary cult. The imagery of metals repeats key designs in ceramics and stone sculpture, namely powerful mythical creatures and human figures seen as crucial in life and death transitions. Major changes in metal use occurred during the time of the Middle Horizon, when foreign cultural influence, especially Wari, transformed local practices.
{"title":"Metal in the Recuay Culture of Ancient Peru","authors":"","doi":"10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066448.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Of the major media in the Recuay culture (AD 1–700, Peru), metalwork is perhaps the least understood. This chapter reviews the major forms of Recuay metalwork (personal adornments, weapons) and focuses on their imagery, technology, and contexts of use at three sites: Pashash, Pomakayán, and Chinchawas. Metals were not used for everyday objects. Rather, as signs of wealth and distinction, they served to affix people’s “social skin”—that frontier that mediates self and others. Metal objects were complements to textiles and therefore essential in making Recuay persons, namely chiefly lords and noble women, especially during times of social display and funerary cult. The imagery of metals repeats key designs in ceramics and stone sculpture, namely powerful mythical creatures and human figures seen as crucial in life and death transitions. Major changes in metal use occurred during the time of the Middle Horizon, when foreign cultural influence, especially Wari, transformed local practices.","PeriodicalId":389636,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Interpretations","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121601908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sunken court or patio represents one of the most enduring and ritually significant architectural forms in Andean prehistory. First created in the 3rd millennium BC, the sunken court was repeatedly reworked over 3500 years by different cultures in the highlands and coast. Perhaps as significant, a number of cultures rejected the court architecture for other monumental forms of political and ritual expression. This chapter examines the sunken court tradition in the central Andes, tracing its development, elaboration, and rejection over space and time. Authors likewise will contextualize this architectural form using theories of political and ritual performance.
{"title":"The Sunken Court Tradition in the South Central Andes","authors":"A. Levine, C. Stanish","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv131btn1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv131btn1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The sunken court or patio represents one of the most enduring and ritually significant architectural forms in Andean prehistory. First created in the 3rd millennium BC, the sunken court was repeatedly reworked over 3500 years by different cultures in the highlands and coast. Perhaps as significant, a number of cultures rejected the court architecture for other monumental forms of political and ritual expression. This chapter examines the sunken court tradition in the central Andes, tracing its development, elaboration, and rejection over space and time. Authors likewise will contextualize this architectural form using theories of political and ritual performance.","PeriodicalId":389636,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Interpretations","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127902305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal in the Recuay Culture of Ancient Peru:","authors":"George F. Lau","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv131btn1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv131btn1.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389636,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Interpretations","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134466565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent archaeological research in the upper Amazon region, on the frontier between Ecuador and Peru, has discovered a new pre-Columbian culture, now known as the Mayo Chinchipe-Marañón society. The most important site that has been studied until now is Santa Ana–La Florida (SALF), located in Palanda (Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador), where an Early Formative period ceremonial center has been studied for over a decade. This site has been occupied for over 5000 years. The ceremonial center has an architectural layout centered around a sunken plaza, with two platforms placed at each end on an east-west axis. The eastern platform served as the base of a round structure that contained evidence of ritual activities. Several tombs have been located in the body of the platform. One, however, stands out for its extraordinary paraphernalia, which suggests the presence of a very relevant individual: a shaman.
{"title":"Different Shades of Early Shamanism in the Upper Amazon","authors":"Francisco Valdez","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv131btn1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv131btn1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Recent archaeological research in the upper Amazon region, on the frontier between Ecuador and Peru, has discovered a new pre-Columbian culture, now known as the Mayo Chinchipe-Marañón society. The most important site that has been studied until now is Santa Ana–La Florida (SALF), located in Palanda (Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador), where an Early Formative period ceremonial center has been studied for over a decade. This site has been occupied for over 5000 years. The ceremonial center has an architectural layout centered around a sunken plaza, with two platforms placed at each end on an east-west axis. The eastern platform served as the base of a round structure that contained evidence of ritual activities. Several tombs have been located in the body of the platform. One, however, stands out for its extraordinary paraphernalia, which suggests the presence of a very relevant individual: a shaman.","PeriodicalId":389636,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological Interpretations","volume":"1983 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125452439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：