Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food最新文献

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Metabolic and electrical responses to potassium deficiency stress in strawberries 草莓对缺钾胁迫的代谢和电反应

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.2_53

Kiko KURODA, Teppei IMAIZUMI, Masaharu YASUDA, Takeshi NIIKAWA, Kohei NAKANO, Nakako KATSUNO, Takahisa NISHIZU

The effects of potassium concentration on the metabolomic and electrical responses of strawberry fruits were investigated. The potassium concentration of fruit harvested in January, March, and April were determined. Quality differences were observed in April, with lower potassium levels resulting in lower Brix values and acidity. Intracellular resistance and cell membrane capacity, as determined by impedance analysis, were correlated with acidity and sugar content, respectively. In addition, metabolomic analysis by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS / MS) indicated that stress markers, such as putrescine, were detected before quality differences appeared. While impedance analysis is useful for evaluating the tissue condition of strawberries, metabolomic analysis can be used to predict quality changes.

研究了不同钾浓度对草莓果实代谢组学和电响应的影响。测定了1月、3月和4月果实的钾浓度。4月份观察到品质差异，钾含量较低导致白锐度值和酸度较低。通过阻抗分析确定的胞内抗性和细胞膜容量分别与酸度和糖含量相关。此外，气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS / MS)代谢组学分析表明，在质量差异出现之前，已经检测到腐胺等应激标记物。阻抗分析可用于评价草莓的组织状况，代谢组学分析可用于预测草莓的品质变化。

引用次数: 0

Inedible sites of Earl’s melon (Cucumis melo L.) have antihypertensive properties 厄尔瓜的不可食用部位(甜瓜L.)具有抗高血压的特性

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.2_62

Tomoyasu TOYOIZUMI, Atsushi IKEGAYA, Taichi YAMAMOTO, Masaomi HARA, Toru KOSUGI, Seiji OHBA

This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), citrulline (Cit), nicotianamine (Nit), angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant contents in the inedible sites of Earl’s melon that are discarded during food processing: placental tissue, fruit skin, and seeds. These sites are antihypertensive, contain GABA, Cit, Nit, and antioxidants, and have ACE inhibitory activity, and antioxidant capacity; however, these sites have different characteristics. In particular, placental tissue had the highest GABA, Cit, antioxidant levels, and antioxidant capacity. These properties suggest that it is a useful raw material for new health foods; this provides a solution to utilize unused resources. These compounds are potential anti-hypertensive materials.

本研究旨在阐明在食品加工过程中丢弃的Earl’s甜瓜不可食用部位(胎盘组织、果皮和种子)中γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)、瓜氨酸(Cit)、烟胺(Nit)、血管紧张素i转换酶(ACE)抑制、抗氧化能力和抗氧化剂含量的特征。这些位点具有抗高血压作用，含有GABA、Cit、Nit和抗氧化剂，并具有ACE抑制活性和抗氧化能力;然而，这些网站有不同的特点。特别是，胎盘组织具有最高的GABA, Cit，抗氧化剂水平和抗氧化能力。这些特性表明它是一种有益的新型保健食品原料;这提供了一种利用未使用资源的解决方案。这些化合物是潜在的抗高血压物质。

引用次数: 0

A vision-based road detection system for the navigation of an agricultural autonomous tractor 一种用于农业自动拖拉机导航的基于视觉的道路检测系统

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.2_43

Sristi SAHA, Tsuyoshi MORITA, Noboru NOGUCHI

Autonomous tractors can operate in open fields by using the RTK-GNSS (Real-time Kinematic-Global Navigation Satellite System). However, RTK-GNSS signal might not be available at all geographical locations, which could make autonomous driving unsafe. To avoid such situations, we sought to develop a vision-based agricultural road detection system that does not rely on RTK-GNSS. It takes the RGB images obtained from an HD onboard camera, removes camera distortion, filters the images, detects the road edges, and calculates the lateral error. Experimental runs showed that the lateral error was less than 0.2 m for unpaved roads and 0.4 m for paved roads. This shows that the system can detect agricultural roads and thus can be used in place of RTK-GNSS.

自动驾驶拖拉机可以使用RTK-GNSS(实时运动-全球导航卫星系统)在开阔的田野上操作。然而，RTK-GNSS信号可能不会在所有地理位置都可用，这可能会使自动驾驶变得不安全。为了避免这种情况，我们试图开发一种不依赖于RTK-GNSS的基于视觉的农业道路检测系统。它采用从高清车载摄像头获得的RGB图像，去除相机失真，过滤图像，检测道路边缘，并计算横向误差。试验结果表明，未铺装路面的横向误差小于0.2 m，铺装路面的横向误差小于0.4 m。这表明该系统可以检测农业道路，因此可以代替RTK-GNSS使用。

引用次数: 0

Production and characterization of levan by Bacillus siamensis at flask and bioreactor 连体芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis)生产利末酵母及特性研究在烧瓶和生物反应器

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.1_15

Pongtorn PHENGNOI, Suttinee SATTAVANICH, Chavanond CHAROENSUP, Supansa NUENGNOON, Krittiya JANTHORN, Nuttinee TEERAKULKITTIPONG, Witawat JANGIAM

Edible film is a novel concept in the packaged food industry. It is used to extend the shelf life of food. This study aimed to compare levan production from Bacillus siamensis using a flask and bioreactor, characterize its properties, and evaluate the properties of levan alginate-based film coating by applying it on guava. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films and weight loss of the coated guava were measured. The results revealed that the performance of the bioreactor was similar to flask cultivation. Levan exhibited prebiotic activity and promoted the growth of Lacticaseibacillus casei. The WVP of the film comprising purified levan was 6.02 × 10-8 g m-1 s-1 Pa-1. Coated guava demonstrated reduced weight loss by up to 49.35 %.

可食用薄膜是包装食品行业的一个新概念。它被用来延长食品的保质期。本研究的目的是比较在烧瓶和生物反应器中由siambacillus siamensis生产的levan，表征其性能，并评价其在番石榴上应用的levan海藻酸盐基薄膜涂层的性能。测定了薄膜的水蒸气渗透性和包覆后的失重率。结果表明，该生物反应器的性能与烧瓶培养相似。Levan具有益生元活性，能促进干酪乳杆菌的生长。该膜的WVP为6.02 × 10-8 g m-1 s-1 Pa-1。包覆番石榴可减少高达49.35%的体重减轻。

引用次数: 0

The minimal exoskeleton, a passive exoskeleton to simplify pruning and fruit collection 最小的外骨骼，一个被动的外骨骼，简化修剪和水果收集

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.1_37

Gabriele REVERBERI, Francesco CEPOLINA, Giorgio PIETRONAVE, Marco TESTA, Vishal RAMADOSS, Matteo ZOPPI

Terracing allows cultivation even in hilly regions but does not permit the use of conventional heavy machinery. Olive trees, grown on terraced lands, are harvested with a handheld long-shafted harvester that shakes the branches of the trees and makes olives fall over nets arranged around the trees. This relatively heavy and unbalanced hand-hold tool causes fatigue and articular-muscular disease to the operators. This paper presents a lightweight exoskeleton developed to help in the carrying and operating of such tools, reducing human effort and the incidence of long-term pathologies to the operators. This work describes the kinematics and design of the proposed exoskeleton, which is passive and “minimal”. A prototype of the exoskeleton has been produced and tested in the field.

梯田甚至允许在丘陵地区耕作，但不允许使用传统的重型机械。种植在梯田上的橄榄树，是用手持式长轴收割机收割的，它摇动树枝，使橄榄落在树周围布置的网上。这种相对沉重和不平衡的手持工具会导致操作者疲劳和关节肌肉疾病。本文介绍了一种轻量级的外骨骼开发，以帮助携带和操作这些工具，减少人力和长期病理的发生率对操作员。这项工作描述了拟议的外骨骼的运动学和设计，这是被动的和“最小的”。外骨骼的原型已经生产出来并在现场进行了测试。

引用次数: 1

Life cycle assessment of apple exported from Japan to Taiwan and potential environmental impact abatement 日本输台苹果的生命周期评估及潜在的环境影响消减

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.1_1

Takahiro ORIKASA, Yanne GOOSSENS, Annemie GEERAERD

A life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed for fresh apples exported from Japan to Taiwan to identify hotspots along the supply chain. We further explore how to minimize the environmental impact of the post-harvest chain to mitigate the carbon footprint of the apple chain. Within the climate change impact category, the hotspots were cultivation and truck transport with cooling in Japan. Based on the hotspots, introducing a modal shift in Japanese domestic transportation and changing to a port closer to the farm for ship distribution would decrease the climate change impact by 13-22 % relative to the base case. This study provided essential insights for the development of a more environmentally friendly apple distribution process from Japan to Taiwan.

对日本出口到台湾的新鲜苹果进行了生命周期评估(LCA)，以确定供应链上的热点。我们进一步探讨了如何最大限度地减少收获后链对环境的影响，以减轻苹果链的碳足迹。在气候变化影响类别中，日本的热点是种植和冷却卡车运输。根据热点，在日本国内运输中引入模式转变，将船舶分配改为离农场更近的港口，相对于基本情况，将使气候变化的影响减少13- 22%。本研究为从日本到台湾发展更环保的苹果配送流程提供了重要的见解。

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation and factors affecting cassava root cutting machine using cylinder saw and grasper 采用滚筒锯和抓手的木薯切根机性能评价及影响因素

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.2_71

Thanaporn SINGHPOO, Seree WONGPICHET, Jetsada POSOM, Kanda Runapongsa SAIKAEW, Khwantri SAENGPRACHATANARUG

This research proposes a new cassava root-cutting machine designed as a cylinder saw and grasper mechanism. The machine’s performance was assessed to prove its utility, and two factors affecting the performance were investigated: the cassava branching type (erect, dichotomous, and tetrachotomous) and the surrounding gap between the cylinder saw and cassava stalk (10, 15, 20, and 25 mm). The result showed that the average loss, trash, cutting time, compressive force, torque, and power consumption were 3.49 % and 2.34 %, 62 s / stalk, 141.69 N, 15.04 Nm, and 587.75 W, respectively. To prevent high loss and trash, a 20 mm gap is optimal for all branching types.

本研究提出了一种新型木薯切根机，其结构为圆柱形锯和抓取机构。评估了机器的性能以证明其实用性，并研究了影响性能的两个因素:木薯分枝类型(直立，二叉和四叉)和圆柱形锯与木薯柄之间的周围间隙(10,15,20和25mm)。结果表明:平均损耗为3.49%，平均垃圾为2.34%，平均切削时间为62 s /柄，平均压缩力为141.69 N，平均扭矩为15.04 Nm，平均功耗为587.75 W。为了防止高损耗和垃圾，所有分支类型的最佳间隙为20毫米。

引用次数: 0

Phenotyping system for precise monitoring of potato crops during growth 马铃薯作物生长过程中表型精确监测系统

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.37221/eaef.16.1_24

Stephen Njehia NJANE, Shogo TSUDA, Ryo SUGIURA, Kenji KATAYAMA, Kazuhisa GOTO, Shinori TSUCHIYA, Hiroyuki TSUJI

A phenotyping system was developed for monitoring the growth of 3 Japanese and 5 European varieties of potatoes. From the UAV images taken weekly, plant height, volume and vegetation indices were estimated from the DSM and the reflectance maps. UAV-estimated volume and manually measured plant height had a high correlation with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.70. UAV estimated NDVI was highly correlated with the manually measured NDVI (correlation coefficient of R = 0.97). European varieties such as Euroviva had a higher volume compared to the Japanese varieties such as Irish cobbler and Toyoshiro. Volume and LCI were found to be highly correlated with the yield ( R2 of 0.99 and 0.96) thus ideal parameters for yield prediction.

为监测3个日本品种和5个欧洲品种的马铃薯生长，建立了表型系统。根据无人机每周拍摄的影像，利用DSM和反射率图估算植物高度、体积和植被指数。无人机估计值与人工测量株高呈高度相关，决定系数R2为0.70。无人机估算的NDVI与人工测量的NDVI高度相关(相关系数R = 0.97)。欧洲品种如Euroviva的产量高于日本品种如Irish cobbler和Toyoshiro。体积和LCI与产量高度相关(R2分别为0.99和0.96)，是预测产量的理想参数。

引用次数: 0

Navigation of a robot tractor using the centimeter level augmentation information via Quasi-Zenith Satellite System 基于准天顶卫星系统厘米级增强信息的机器人拖拉机导航

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Epub Date: 2019-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.eaef.2019.06.003

Hao Wang , Noboru Noguchi

The study evaluates the Centimeter Level Augmentation Service (CLAS) of the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) for controlling a robot tractor. The QZSS transmits augmentation information through an L6 signal to enhance the positioning accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Besides accessing the augmentation information through the L6 signal using a commercial QZSS receiver, this paper also introduces a method for using CLAS with a dual frequency receiver that cannot receive the L6 signal. Stationary and dynamic positioning experiments prove that the QZSS is able to improve the accuracy and availability of the current GNSS. Compensating for the biases of the CLAS positioning results relative to the current GNSS, a robot tractor works along with GNSS-based navigation within 5 cm accuracy.

研究了准天顶卫星系统(QZSS)公分级增强服务(CLAS)对机器人拖拉机的控制效果。QZSS通过L6信号传输增强信息，以提高全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的定位精度。除了使用商用QZSS接收机通过L6信号获取增强信息外，本文还介绍了一种使用不能接收L6信号的双频接收机使用CLAS的方法。静态和动态定位实验证明，QZSS能够提高现有GNSS的精度和可用性。补偿了CLAS定位结果相对于当前GNSS的偏差，机器人拖拉机与基于GNSS的导航一起工作，精度为5 cm。

引用次数: 8

Factors affecting fuel consumption of tractor operating active tillage implement and its prediction 拖拉机操纵主动耕具油耗影响因素及预测

Q2 Engineering

Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food

Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Epub Date: 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.eaef.2019.11.007

V. Shobhan Naik, H. Raheman

Fuel consumption and power take-off (PTO) power requirement were measured for a 33.8 kW two-wheel drive tractor when used for operating a 1.6 m rotavator with 36 “L” shaped blades in sandy clay loam soil at an average soil moisture content of 8.8 ± 1% (dry basis) at IIT Kharagpur, India. Field experiments were conducted for a tractor with rotavator at seven different engine speeds (between 35 and 75% of full throttle engine speed), gear settings (L2 and L3) and depths of operation (60, 80 and 100 mm). Depth of operation, engine speed and gear setting were found to affect the fuel consumption of tractor. For the same PTO power consumption, lesser fuel consumption of tractor was observed in gear up conditions. A variation from −3.60 to −19.67% was observed while comparing the observed fuel consumption values with those predicted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE D 497.7) model. These variations were due to non-inclusion of gear settings in the ASABE fuel consumption model. Hence, an attempt was made to modify the ASABE fuel consumption model by incorporating gear settings in terms of speed ratio (peripheral speed of the rotavator to forward speed of the tractor i.e. u/v ratio). The developed fuel consumption model comprising engine speed, PTO power consumption and u/v could predict the observed values with a variation of ±6%.

在印度印度理工学院Kharagpur，在平均土壤含水量为8.8 ± 1%(干基)的沙质粘土壤土中，测量了一辆33.8 kW的两轮驱动拖拉机在运行1.6 m、36个“L”形叶片的旋耕机时的燃油消耗和动力起飞(PTO)功率需求。在7种不同的发动机转速(35%至75%的全油门发动机转速)、档位设置(L2和L3)和操作深度(60、80和100 mm)下，对一台带有旋耕机的拖拉机进行了现场实验。作业深度、发动机转速和档位设置对牵引车燃油消耗有影响。对于相同的PTO功率消耗，拖拉机的燃油消耗较小，在齿轮条件下。将观测到的燃料消耗值与美国农业与生物工程师学会(ASABE D 497.7)模型预测的值进行比较时，观察到−3.60至−19.67%的变化。这些变化是由于不包括齿轮设置在ASABE燃料消耗模型。因此，尝试修改ASABE油耗模型，将齿轮设置纳入速比(旋转器的外围速度与拖拉机的前进速度，即u/v比)。所建立的由发动机转速、PTO功率和u/v组成的油耗模型可以预测观测值，误差为±6%。

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引用次数: 5

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