Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.3
S. Muthurajan, R. Loganathan, R. Hemamalini
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have great potential to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy. The application of artificial intelligence-based control algorithms for controlling the electric motor speed and torque yields excellent fuel economy by reducing the losses drastically. In this paper, a novel strategy to improve the performance of an electric motor-like control system for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with the help of a sensorless vector control method where a trained reinforcement learning agent is used and provides accurate signals which will be added to the control signals. Control Signals referred to here are direct and quadrature voltage signals with reference quadrature current signals. The types of reinforcement learning used are the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and Deep Q Network (DQN) agents. Integration and implementation of these control systems are presented, and results are published in this paper. The advantages of the proposed method over the conventional vector control strategy are validated by numerical simulation results.
{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm based PMSM Motor Control for Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"S. Muthurajan, R. Loganathan, R. Hemamalini","doi":"10.37394/232016.2023.18.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.3","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) have great potential to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy. The application of artificial intelligence-based control algorithms for controlling the electric motor speed and torque yields excellent fuel economy by reducing the losses drastically. In this paper, a novel strategy to improve the performance of an electric motor-like control system for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with the help of a sensorless vector control method where a trained reinforcement learning agent is used and provides accurate signals which will be added to the control signals. Control Signals referred to here are direct and quadrature voltage signals with reference quadrature current signals. The types of reinforcement learning used are the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and Deep Q Network (DQN) agents. Integration and implementation of these control systems are presented, and results are published in this paper. The advantages of the proposed method over the conventional vector control strategy are validated by numerical simulation results.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41330198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.2
H. Abdulmouti
Solar energy is a renewable clean energy. Photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar panels use the sun light as the main source to produce electricity. However, the operating temperature has a significant impact on the PV conversion process and its performance. PV cell technology performance is sensitive to the operating temperature. Increasing cell temperature causes a significant reduction in the output voltage which in turn leads to reducing electrical efficiency. In other words, when the temperature rises, the output current rises exponentially which leads to output voltage to fall. Therefore, PV efficiency decreases. This paper aims to develop a new PV panel passive cooling system that enhances the efficiency of the panel and improves its performance. The design is based on air channels and air chimneys. Overall, cooled solar panels are efficient and cost-effective as their performance is better and their efficiency is higher than the non-cooled solar panels. Our project is designed to serve UAE’s 2021 vision (increased dependence on clean energy and green development), reduce pollution in the environment, and save energy for the next generations. The goal of this research is to lower the temperature of the PV panel., therefore, enhancing the efficiency as well as improving the performance by cooling the PV panel. So, It has the potential to alleviate the problem of overheating solar panels.
{"title":"Passive Cooling Module to Improve the Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Performance","authors":"H. Abdulmouti","doi":"10.37394/232016.2023.18.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.2","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy is a renewable clean energy. Photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar panels use the sun light as the main source to produce electricity. However, the operating temperature has a significant impact on the PV conversion process and its performance. PV cell technology performance is sensitive to the operating temperature. Increasing cell temperature causes a significant reduction in the output voltage which in turn leads to reducing electrical efficiency. In other words, when the temperature rises, the output current rises exponentially which leads to output voltage to fall. Therefore, PV efficiency decreases. This paper aims to develop a new PV panel passive cooling system that enhances the efficiency of the panel and improves its performance. The design is based on air channels and air chimneys. Overall, cooled solar panels are efficient and cost-effective as their performance is better and their efficiency is higher than the non-cooled solar panels. Our project is designed to serve UAE’s 2021 vision (increased dependence on clean energy and green development), reduce pollution in the environment, and save energy for the next generations. The goal of this research is to lower the temperature of the PV panel., therefore, enhancing the efficiency as well as improving the performance by cooling the PV panel. So, It has the potential to alleviate the problem of overheating solar panels.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42543198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-26DOI: 10.37394/232016.2023.18.1
Yacine Aribi, R. Boushaki
Compressors are used in the hydrocarbon industry from upstream to downstream to boost the pressure required to transport gas into processing and transportation pipelines inside and toward processing facilities. Turbo-centrifugal compressors are subject to repetitive damages resulting from the manifestation phenomenon known as surge, observed as fluid flow reversal at low mass flows. Active surge control aims to increase the compressor operating region by allowing the compressor to operate at low mass flow in the naturally-unstable region of the compressor. Surge is avoided in the industry by forcing the operating point to the stable region of the compressor curve. Active surge control aims to control the surge phenomenon by extending the stable operating region. This work developed a novel model-based control approach for effective compression system active surge control on an automatic coupled recycle valve as a primary actuator. The feedback linearization technique is used to reduce the system complexity by providing a linear representation of the highly nonlinear system. A detailed description of the feedback linearization method for centrifugal compressors and a dual controller design was developed in this paper.
{"title":"A Novel Approach for Active Surge Control in Multistage Centrifugal Compressor","authors":"Yacine Aribi, R. Boushaki","doi":"10.37394/232016.2023.18.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.1","url":null,"abstract":"Compressors are used in the hydrocarbon industry from upstream to downstream to boost the pressure required to transport gas into processing and transportation pipelines inside and toward processing facilities. Turbo-centrifugal compressors are subject to repetitive damages resulting from the manifestation phenomenon known as surge, observed as fluid flow reversal at low mass flows. Active surge control aims to increase the compressor operating region by allowing the compressor to operate at low mass flow in the naturally-unstable region of the compressor. Surge is avoided in the industry by forcing the operating point to the stable region of the compressor curve. Active surge control aims to control the surge phenomenon by extending the stable operating region. This work developed a novel model-based control approach for effective compression system active surge control on an automatic coupled recycle valve as a primary actuator. The feedback linearization technique is used to reduce the system complexity by providing a linear representation of the highly nonlinear system. A detailed description of the feedback linearization method for centrifugal compressors and a dual controller design was developed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41589738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.40
F. Himmelstoss
Light emitting diodes LEDs are highly efficient in changing electrical energy into light. The applications are lightning, but also medical treatments, and disinfection. After a short discussion of the simplest converter which is based on the Buck converter several third order current converters, which are suitable to drive an LED load, are treated. The Buck converter with input filter, the output current Boost converter, and the output current Cuk converter are shortly treated, but for the other topologies simple control techniques are given. These converters are the current output converter based on the Zeta converter, two converters with a quadratic term of the duty cycle in the voltage transformation ratio, the quadratic step-down converter with current output and the D square divided by one minus d current output converter, which is a step-up-down converter, and two converters which function only for a limited duty cycle, the (2d-1)/d step-down and the (2d- 1)/(1-d) step-up-down output current converters. The dynamics of example converters is shown with the help of LTSpice simulations.
{"title":"Third Order Converters with Current Output for Driving LEDs","authors":"F. Himmelstoss","doi":"10.37394/232016.2022.17.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.40","url":null,"abstract":"Light emitting diodes LEDs are highly efficient in changing electrical energy into light. The applications are lightning, but also medical treatments, and disinfection. After a short discussion of the simplest converter which is based on the Buck converter several third order current converters, which are suitable to drive an LED load, are treated. The Buck converter with input filter, the output current Boost converter, and the output current Cuk converter are shortly treated, but for the other topologies simple control techniques are given. These converters are the current output converter based on the Zeta converter, two converters with a quadratic term of the duty cycle in the voltage transformation ratio, the quadratic step-down converter with current output and the D square divided by one minus d current output converter, which is a step-up-down converter, and two converters which function only for a limited duty cycle, the (2d-1)/d step-down and the (2d- 1)/(1-d) step-up-down output current converters. The dynamics of example converters is shown with the help of LTSpice simulations.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47363912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.39
Amir A. Elgamal, T. Halawa, H. Safwat
In this paper, a three-dimensional full simulation model of a solar-driven adsorption cooling system integrated with user-defined functions (UDF) is successfully validated with a manufactured adsorption chamber filled with silica-gel type A. model is validated on the desorption phase with a maximum deviation error of 1.7%. Temperature with adsorption contours are shown for more understanding of the heat flow with adsorption behaviour inside the chamber in all directions. The maximum temperature at the desorption phase is reached after 300 seconds at fins area, and adsorption maximum uptake reached 0.16 kg/kg at fins wall but reached from 0.13 to 0.14 kg/kg around fins area. The average adsorption uptake reached 0.136 at the end of the adsorption process. The resultant uptake between adsorption and desorption is 0.018 kg/kg with a refrigerant mass of 1.8 kg in a complete cycle time.
{"title":"Three Dimensional CFD Simulation Model with Experimental Validation of Silica Gel–Water Pair Adsorption Cooling Bed","authors":"Amir A. Elgamal, T. Halawa, H. Safwat","doi":"10.37394/232016.2022.17.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.39","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a three-dimensional full simulation model of a solar-driven adsorption cooling system integrated with user-defined functions (UDF) is successfully validated with a manufactured adsorption chamber filled with silica-gel type A. model is validated on the desorption phase with a maximum deviation error of 1.7%. Temperature with adsorption contours are shown for more understanding of the heat flow with adsorption behaviour inside the chamber in all directions. The maximum temperature at the desorption phase is reached after 300 seconds at fins area, and adsorption maximum uptake reached 0.16 kg/kg at fins wall but reached from 0.13 to 0.14 kg/kg around fins area. The average adsorption uptake reached 0.136 at the end of the adsorption process. The resultant uptake between adsorption and desorption is 0.018 kg/kg with a refrigerant mass of 1.8 kg in a complete cycle time.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44145511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.38
E. Ali, S. M. A. Elazim
A new and powerful approach called Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) is suggested in this paper, for optimal siting and sizing of capacitors for an IEEE distribution network. First, the most nominee buses for installing capacitors are developed using various indices. Loss Sensitivity Factors (LSF), Voltage Stability Index (VSI), and Power Loss Index (PLI) are employed to determine the selected buses. Then the proposed SMA is used to deduce the size of capacitors and their positions from the picked buses. The objective function is introduced to minimize the net cost and then, increase the total saving per year. The developed approach is tested on the IEEE distribution network. The obtained results are compared with others to highlight the advantages of the developed approach. Also, the results are presented to confirm its influence in minifying the losses, and net cost and to improve the voltage profile and total saving for a radial distribution network.
{"title":"Optimal Sizing and Locations of Capacitors Using Slime Mould Algorithm","authors":"E. Ali, S. M. A. Elazim","doi":"10.37394/232016.2022.17.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.38","url":null,"abstract":"A new and powerful approach called Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) is suggested in this paper, for optimal siting and sizing of capacitors for an IEEE distribution network. First, the most nominee buses for installing capacitors are developed using various indices. Loss Sensitivity Factors (LSF), Voltage Stability Index (VSI), and Power Loss Index (PLI) are employed to determine the selected buses. Then the proposed SMA is used to deduce the size of capacitors and their positions from the picked buses. The objective function is introduced to minimize the net cost and then, increase the total saving per year. The developed approach is tested on the IEEE distribution network. The obtained results are compared with others to highlight the advantages of the developed approach. Also, the results are presented to confirm its influence in minifying the losses, and net cost and to improve the voltage profile and total saving for a radial distribution network.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48425776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.37
A. Galal, Soha Nabil, H. Hamed, M. Abdelghany, G. Fahmy
Current-reuse circuit with a low impedance current-reuse path has been proposed to enrich high flat gain, high efficiency, and high output power across the operating band. While an inductor-capacitor (LC) interstage is employed to improve the linearity of the proposed PA. In the second stage, the shunt peaking design in a common-source circuit is employed to improve the power gain, while a network of reactance compensation is adopted at the output of the second stage to overcome the parasitic capacitance's impact on the active device. The post-layout simulation using the TSMC 65 nm CMOS process is carried out on the entire frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The post-layout simulation achieved ±42 ps group delay variation, 32% power-added efficiency (PAE), and 32-dB power gain. Matching input and output of less than −10 dB has been achieved over the operating band, and it achieved an output power of 18.3 dBm.
{"title":"A Low Impedance Current-Reuse Path for UWB-PA to Improve Efficiency and Gain","authors":"A. Galal, Soha Nabil, H. Hamed, M. Abdelghany, G. Fahmy","doi":"10.37394/232016.2022.17.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.37","url":null,"abstract":"Current-reuse circuit with a low impedance current-reuse path has been proposed to enrich high flat gain, high efficiency, and high output power across the operating band. While an inductor-capacitor (LC) interstage is employed to improve the linearity of the proposed PA. In the second stage, the shunt peaking design in a common-source circuit is employed to improve the power gain, while a network of reactance compensation is adopted at the output of the second stage to overcome the parasitic capacitance's impact on the active device. The post-layout simulation using the TSMC 65 nm CMOS process is carried out on the entire frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The post-layout simulation achieved ±42 ps group delay variation, 32% power-added efficiency (PAE), and 32-dB power gain. Matching input and output of less than −10 dB has been achieved over the operating band, and it achieved an output power of 18.3 dBm.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48400782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.36
D. Bellan
In this work the parameters of an unbalanced three-phase component, such as a load or a transmission line, are described as random variables with known statistical properties. It is well-known that phase unbalancing leads to injected current in the negative-sequence circuit producing propagation of voltage unbalance and malfunctioning of power system components. In this paper, the injected current is described in probabilistic terms as a function of the statistical properties of the component unbalancing. In particular, approximate expressions for the probability density function, the mean value, and the variance of the injected current are derived in closed form and numerically validated.
{"title":"Probabilistic Modeling of Negative-Sequence Current in Three-Phase Power Systems with Statistically Unbalanced Phases","authors":"D. Bellan","doi":"10.37394/232016.2022.17.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.36","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the parameters of an unbalanced three-phase component, such as a load or a transmission line, are described as random variables with known statistical properties. It is well-known that phase unbalancing leads to injected current in the negative-sequence circuit producing propagation of voltage unbalance and malfunctioning of power system components. In this paper, the injected current is described in probabilistic terms as a function of the statistical properties of the component unbalancing. In particular, approximate expressions for the probability density function, the mean value, and the variance of the injected current are derived in closed form and numerically validated.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.33
C. Eya, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, S. L. Braide, S. B. Goyal, V. A. Owoeye, O. Osaloni
This paper presents an assessment of the levels of total harmonic distortion (THD) in buck-boost DC-AC converters using triangular wave and saw-tooth unipolar based-modulation schemes. This paper seeks to identify a better technique for mitigating the total harmonic distortion on buck-boost DC-AC converters under unipolar carrier-based modulation schemes. This was achieved by subjecting the buck-boost DC-AC converter under triangular wave-based and saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation schemes. The voltage and current output of the buck- boost DC-AC converter under each scheme was analysed using a power GUI Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analytical tool resident in the MATLAB Simulink environment unlike with the conventional scheme of computing the percentage of THD. The test system was obtained by a combination of DC-DC buck-boost converter, H-bridge based-insulated unipolar gate transistors, and a logic control unit. It was realized that THD of 0.2865%, peak output voltage of 294.1V and current of 9.805A were obtained by using the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation scheme, whereas a THD of 0.1479%, peak output voltage of 297.4V and current of 9.53A were obtained by using the triangular wave based-bipolar modulation scheme on the same Buck-boost DC-AC converter circuit. The results imply a high power factor utilization and low power loss in the triangular wave based-unipolar modulation scheme compared to the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation technique for improving the performance characteristics of the buck-boost converter system. This study showed that power drives and heavy load machines based-power electrical loads are required to use the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation (STBUM) scheme for high current and low THD%, whereas sensitive power electrical loads such as hospital equipment and communication industries based-power electronic devices are required to use the triangular wave-based unipolar modulation (TWBUM) scheme due to low current and THD%.
{"title":"Assessment of Total Harmonic Distortion in Buck-Boost DC-AC Converters using Triangular Wave and Saw-Tooth based Unipolar Modulation Schemes","authors":"C. Eya, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, S. L. Braide, S. B. Goyal, V. A. Owoeye, O. Osaloni","doi":"10.37394/232016.2022.17.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.33","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an assessment of the levels of total harmonic distortion (THD) in buck-boost DC-AC converters using triangular wave and saw-tooth unipolar based-modulation schemes. This paper seeks to identify a better technique for mitigating the total harmonic distortion on buck-boost DC-AC converters under unipolar carrier-based modulation schemes. This was achieved by subjecting the buck-boost DC-AC converter under triangular wave-based and saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation schemes. The voltage and current output of the buck- boost DC-AC converter under each scheme was analysed using a power GUI Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analytical tool resident in the MATLAB Simulink environment unlike with the conventional scheme of computing the percentage of THD. The test system was obtained by a combination of DC-DC buck-boost converter, H-bridge based-insulated unipolar gate transistors, and a logic control unit. It was realized that THD of 0.2865%, peak output voltage of 294.1V and current of 9.805A were obtained by using the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation scheme, whereas a THD of 0.1479%, peak output voltage of 297.4V and current of 9.53A were obtained by using the triangular wave based-bipolar modulation scheme on the same Buck-boost DC-AC converter circuit. The results imply a high power factor utilization and low power loss in the triangular wave based-unipolar modulation scheme compared to the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation technique for improving the performance characteristics of the buck-boost converter system. This study showed that power drives and heavy load machines based-power electrical loads are required to use the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation (STBUM) scheme for high current and low THD%, whereas sensitive power electrical loads such as hospital equipment and communication industries based-power electronic devices are required to use the triangular wave-based unipolar modulation (TWBUM) scheme due to low current and THD%.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42205321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.37394/232016.2022.17.34
Khaldi Hamza, Mounir Hamid, Boulakhbar Mouaad
According to estimates from Madrid, Paris and Berlin, Morocco wants to provide Europe with substantial amounts of solar energy and green hydrogen in the future, paving the way for climate neutrality. Morocco is a leader in climate and energy policy in Africa, as well as in the rest of the world. The Maghreb state is pursuing aggressive CO2 reduction targets and has been a major participant in international climate talks, hosting COP22 in Marrakech in 2016. By the end of 2020, the country had built just over 40 percent renewable capacity, and this is expected to reach 52 percent by 2030. Morocco's energy policy plan has now added an ambitious new goal: it aspires to become the global market leader in green hydrogen production. With the growing demand for this new zero-emission fuel, hydrogen manufacturing is a solid bet for the future. In addition, the Kingdom has set ambitious targets for reducing CO2 emissions and integrating electric vehicles as the main solution to reach the 2030 targets. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of fuel cell electric vehicles as well as explore the future of FCEVs in Morocco through an in-depth analysis of the Moroccan hydrogen roadmap. In addition, a SWOT analysis was detailed to determine the key success factor to encourage the adoption of FCEVs in the Kingdom. In the same sense, this paper represents an overview of electric vehicles established for the future realization of prototype FCEVs by our team, this through the integration of the fuel cell in a solar electric vehicle, possibly providing a hybrid power system.
{"title":"A Review of Future Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles and Challenges Related to Morocco","authors":"Khaldi Hamza, Mounir Hamid, Boulakhbar Mouaad","doi":"10.37394/232016.2022.17.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.34","url":null,"abstract":"According to estimates from Madrid, Paris and Berlin, Morocco wants to provide Europe with substantial amounts of solar energy and green hydrogen in the future, paving the way for climate neutrality. Morocco is a leader in climate and energy policy in Africa, as well as in the rest of the world. The Maghreb state is pursuing aggressive CO2 reduction targets and has been a major participant in international climate talks, hosting COP22 in Marrakech in 2016. By the end of 2020, the country had built just over 40 percent renewable capacity, and this is expected to reach 52 percent by 2030. Morocco's energy policy plan has now added an ambitious new goal: it aspires to become the global market leader in green hydrogen production. With the growing demand for this new zero-emission fuel, hydrogen manufacturing is a solid bet for the future. In addition, the Kingdom has set ambitious targets for reducing CO2 emissions and integrating electric vehicles as the main solution to reach the 2030 targets. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of fuel cell electric vehicles as well as explore the future of FCEVs in Morocco through an in-depth analysis of the Moroccan hydrogen roadmap. In addition, a SWOT analysis was detailed to determine the key success factor to encourage the adoption of FCEVs in the Kingdom. In the same sense, this paper represents an overview of electric vehicles established for the future realization of prototype FCEVs by our team, this through the integration of the fuel cell in a solar electric vehicle, possibly providing a hybrid power system.","PeriodicalId":38993,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：