Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2245693
Viktor Nikitin,, Pavel Shevchenko,, Alexey Deriy, Alan Kastengren,, Francesco De Carlo
Introduction Brilliant synchrotron light sources are able to perform continuous tomographic data acquisition at more than 7.7 GB/s rate [1, 2] generating terabytes of data in a very short time, opening the possibility of studying very fast processes at unprecedented high temporal resolution. For example, scientists at the TOMCAT beamline of the PSI and their collaborators have recently set a new world record by demonstrating 1000 tomograms per second (3D image from 40 projections per millisecond) acquisition speed using a new high-speed camera and highnumerical-aperture macroscope.1 The majority of today’s high-speed tomographic equipment captures events in a predefined area of the sample and track sample evolution only through projection data. In many circumstances, this semi-blind traditional technique misses the dynamic phenomena since the location and timing of its origination are not known in advance. Another challenge in studying rapid processes is determining a representative region of interest for scanning, i.e., the region where the dynamic process begins and evolves over time. Most of the time, the dynamic phenomenon is missed because it happens in a location not under observation, evolves quicker than predicted, or demands a different spatial or temporal resolution than the instrument is set to. The ideal environmental control system parameters are another challenge for in-situ research of constantly evolving samples. Without real-time 3D imaging input, it is practically impossible to determine appropriate environmental parameters, such as cooling/heating rates, pressure, or loading forces. There are many studies that would greatly benefit from fast 3D imaging optimized by using real-time image reconstruction for feedback and control. In material engineering and geomechanics, it is important to understand the mechanisms of failure origination [3]. These processes are very challenging for 3D imaging because a crack may start in different parts of the sample. The authors in [2] conducted experiments on 3D imaging of ultrafast formation of dendrites during the solidification of casting alloys or the growth and coalescence of bubbles in a liquid metal foam. Such metal foams based on aluminum alloys are being investigated as lightweight materials, for example for the construction of electric cars. An important topic in Geosciences is to study fast non-equilibrium pore-scale processes including wetting, dilution, mixing, and reaction phenomena, without significantly sacrificing spatial resolution, for example in fast pore-scale fluid dynamics – an incremental capillary-water movement known as the Haines jumps [4]. In [5] the authors used dynamic in-situ imaging to study the process of methane hydrate formation in porous samples. Besides the fact that the methane hydrate dissociation process is very fast, it also occurs at different sample regions, making representative dynamic 3D even more challenging. A conventional approach for data acquis
{"title":"Streaming Collection and Real-Time Analysis of Tomographic Data at the APS","authors":"Viktor Nikitin,, Pavel Shevchenko,, Alexey Deriy, Alan Kastengren,, Francesco De Carlo","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2245693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2245693","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Brilliant synchrotron light sources are able to perform continuous tomographic data acquisition at more than 7.7 GB/s rate [1, 2] generating terabytes of data in a very short time, opening the possibility of studying very fast processes at unprecedented high temporal resolution. For example, scientists at the TOMCAT beamline of the PSI and their collaborators have recently set a new world record by demonstrating 1000 tomograms per second (3D image from 40 projections per millisecond) acquisition speed using a new high-speed camera and highnumerical-aperture macroscope.1 The majority of today’s high-speed tomographic equipment captures events in a predefined area of the sample and track sample evolution only through projection data. In many circumstances, this semi-blind traditional technique misses the dynamic phenomena since the location and timing of its origination are not known in advance. Another challenge in studying rapid processes is determining a representative region of interest for scanning, i.e., the region where the dynamic process begins and evolves over time. Most of the time, the dynamic phenomenon is missed because it happens in a location not under observation, evolves quicker than predicted, or demands a different spatial or temporal resolution than the instrument is set to. The ideal environmental control system parameters are another challenge for in-situ research of constantly evolving samples. Without real-time 3D imaging input, it is practically impossible to determine appropriate environmental parameters, such as cooling/heating rates, pressure, or loading forces. There are many studies that would greatly benefit from fast 3D imaging optimized by using real-time image reconstruction for feedback and control. In material engineering and geomechanics, it is important to understand the mechanisms of failure origination [3]. These processes are very challenging for 3D imaging because a crack may start in different parts of the sample. The authors in [2] conducted experiments on 3D imaging of ultrafast formation of dendrites during the solidification of casting alloys or the growth and coalescence of bubbles in a liquid metal foam. Such metal foams based on aluminum alloys are being investigated as lightweight materials, for example for the construction of electric cars. An important topic in Geosciences is to study fast non-equilibrium pore-scale processes including wetting, dilution, mixing, and reaction phenomena, without significantly sacrificing spatial resolution, for example in fast pore-scale fluid dynamics – an incremental capillary-water movement known as the Haines jumps [4]. In [5] the authors used dynamic in-situ imaging to study the process of methane hydrate formation in porous samples. Besides the fact that the methane hydrate dissociation process is very fast, it also occurs at different sample regions, making representative dynamic 3D even more challenging. A conventional approach for data acquis","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"3 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42561164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2226050
Marta Zonno, Ming Yi
The phenomenon of superconductivity is characterized by the complete loss of electrical resistivity and expulsion of magnetic field below a characteristic temperature, Tc. Superconductivity was first discovered by Kamerlingh Onnes and associates in 1911, enabled by the capability to cool down by the liquefaction of helium—a prime example of how new scientific discoveries are made by the advancement of experimental techniques. The microscopic mechanism for this phenomenon took a few decades to formulate and, by 1957, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory had been developed, where superconductivity is understood to arise from the pairing of electrons into Cooper pairs mediated by electron-phonon coupling. While most elements on the periodic table become superconductors in one form or another, making the phenomenology of superconductivity more common than we realize, the Tc for almost all of them are only a few Kelvins. These materials later became known as conventional superconductors, in which superconductivity can be accounted for by the BCS theory. A major breakthrough in the field came in 1986 with the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides (a.k.a. cuprates), whose Tcs surpassed liquid nitrogen temperatures. Two aspects of the cuprates quickly emerged that set them apart from previous studies and were to become recurring: (1) the superconducting pairing temperature being too high to be accounted for by electron-phonon coupling in the BCS formalism; and (2) superconductivity appearing in close proximity to other symmetry-breaking electronic phases. It was soon clear that a new theory beyond BCS was needed to explain the pairing of this new type of unconventional superconductivity. In the years that followed, as the ever-expanding puzzles in the cuprates drew the attention of a large portion of the condensed matter physics community, experimental techniques based on synchrotron radiation were utilized to study a variety of aspects of the cuprates’ unconventional superconductivity. At the same time, in a beneficial cycle, the cuprates problem also fueled some of the development and expansion of techniques at synchrotron facilities, paving the way for future investigations of unconventional superconductivity beyond the cuprates. In 2008, two decades after the discovery of cuprate superconductors, a new class of unconventional superconductor was discovered, amongst a large material family, all containing iron. These became known as the iron-based superconductors (FeSCs). Benefiting from all the technical advancements that had already been successfully applied to the cuprate puzzle, the mature techniques helped facilitate a rapid development of the understanding of the FeSCs. Concurrently, their multi-orbital nature and their ubiquitous nematic phases have also driven researchers at synchrotrons to extend new capabilities at beamlines. In this special issue, we collect contributions from research groups to give perspect
{"title":"Probing Unconventional Superconductivity Using Synchrotron Radiation","authors":"Marta Zonno, Ming Yi","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2226050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2226050","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of superconductivity is characterized by the complete loss of electrical resistivity and expulsion of magnetic field below a characteristic temperature, Tc. Superconductivity was first discovered by Kamerlingh Onnes and associates in 1911, enabled by the capability to cool down by the liquefaction of helium—a prime example of how new scientific discoveries are made by the advancement of experimental techniques. The microscopic mechanism for this phenomenon took a few decades to formulate and, by 1957, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory had been developed, where superconductivity is understood to arise from the pairing of electrons into Cooper pairs mediated by electron-phonon coupling. While most elements on the periodic table become superconductors in one form or another, making the phenomenology of superconductivity more common than we realize, the Tc for almost all of them are only a few Kelvins. These materials later became known as conventional superconductors, in which superconductivity can be accounted for by the BCS theory. A major breakthrough in the field came in 1986 with the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides (a.k.a. cuprates), whose Tcs surpassed liquid nitrogen temperatures. Two aspects of the cuprates quickly emerged that set them apart from previous studies and were to become recurring: (1) the superconducting pairing temperature being too high to be accounted for by electron-phonon coupling in the BCS formalism; and (2) superconductivity appearing in close proximity to other symmetry-breaking electronic phases. It was soon clear that a new theory beyond BCS was needed to explain the pairing of this new type of unconventional superconductivity. In the years that followed, as the ever-expanding puzzles in the cuprates drew the attention of a large portion of the condensed matter physics community, experimental techniques based on synchrotron radiation were utilized to study a variety of aspects of the cuprates’ unconventional superconductivity. At the same time, in a beneficial cycle, the cuprates problem also fueled some of the development and expansion of techniques at synchrotron facilities, paving the way for future investigations of unconventional superconductivity beyond the cuprates. In 2008, two decades after the discovery of cuprate superconductors, a new class of unconventional superconductor was discovered, amongst a large material family, all containing iron. These became known as the iron-based superconductors (FeSCs). Benefiting from all the technical advancements that had already been successfully applied to the cuprate puzzle, the mature techniques helped facilitate a rapid development of the understanding of the FeSCs. Concurrently, their multi-orbital nature and their ubiquitous nematic phases have also driven researchers at synchrotrons to extend new capabilities at beamlines. In this special issue, we collect contributions from research groups to give perspect","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135011231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2226047
Chong Liu, Bruce A. Davidson, M. Zonno, S. Zhdanovich, Ryan L Roemer, M. Michiardi, S. Gorovikov, Giorgio Levy, A. Damascelli, Ke Zou
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials [1] have been a topic of significant research interest in recent years due to their novel electrical, optical
二维（2D）范德华材料[1]由于其新颖的电学、光学性质，近年来一直是一个备受关注的研究课题
{"title":"Protection of Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Van Der Waals Thin Film Materials by Capping and Decapping Process","authors":"Chong Liu, Bruce A. Davidson, M. Zonno, S. Zhdanovich, Ryan L Roemer, M. Michiardi, S. Gorovikov, Giorgio Levy, A. Damascelli, Ke Zou","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2226047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2226047","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials [1] have been a topic of significant research interest in recent years due to their novel electrical, optical","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"24 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44435442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2224733
D. Hawthorn
In the cuprate superconductors, superconductivity often co-exists with other types of order, including charge density wave and nematic orders. Over the past decade, resonant x-ray scattering has emerged as a key tool to investigate these competing/coexisting orders, providing valuable insights into their microscopic character. In this report we provide a brief review of the technique and highlight selected recent advances in study charge density wave order and nematic order in the cuprates.
{"title":"Resonant X-Ray Scattering Investigations of Charge Density Wave and Nematic Orders in Cuprate Superconductors","authors":"D. Hawthorn","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2224733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2224733","url":null,"abstract":"In the cuprate superconductors, superconductivity often co-exists with other types of order, including charge density wave and nematic orders. Over the past decade, resonant x-ray scattering has emerged as a key tool to investigate these competing/coexisting orders, providing valuable insights into their microscopic character. In this report we provide a brief review of the technique and highlight selected recent advances in study charge density wave order and nematic order in the cuprates.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"9 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43186778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2224732
A. Fujimori, D. Huang
High-temperature superconductors (HTSC) such as the cuprate superconductors and the iron-based superconductors belong to the class of “correlated materials
高温超导体（HTSC），如铜酸盐超导体和铁基超导体，属于“相关材料”类别
{"title":"Soft X-Ray Spectroscopies of High-Temperature Superconductors","authors":"A. Fujimori, D. Huang","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2224732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2224732","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature superconductors (HTSC) such as the cuprate superconductors and the iron-based superconductors belong to the class of “correlated materials","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"4 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43401319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2226045
M. S., Souliou, F., Weber, M., le Tacon
Introduction Unconventional superconductivity typically refers to a superconducting state that stems from an effective attractive interaction between electronic quasiparticles, which is not the canonical electron-phonon coupling (EPC) [1]. The latter has been the key ingredient in unveiling the Cooper pairing mechanism on which builds the conventional theory of superconductivity (or theory of conventional superconductivity) originally proposed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer [2]. The large variety of unconventional superconducting materials indicates that there is probably no unified theory of unconventional superconductivity that could account for all phenomena encountered in these materials. Nevertheless, it appears empirically that unconventional superconductivity often emerges in the neighborhood of closely degenerate electronic phases, which coexist, sometimes compete, or are even intertwined with the superconducting state [3, 4]. Critical fluctuations associated with these other electronic phases are often suspected to play a decisive role in unconventional superconducting pairing, which has in turn motivated the development of experimental tools allowing us to probe materials of interest at energies and momenta matched to their intrinsic collective responses. As such, even though the EPC does not appear to be the primary driver of unconventional superconductivity, the coupling of electronic to lattice degrees of freedom has proven to be a sensitive probe of competing orders. Renormalization of the phonon spectra across electronic phase transitions is a particularly well-suited approach for these investigations. It has recently benefited a lot from the development of inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) [5], which enables in particular the use of high pressures (in the tens of GPa range) as a “clean” way to drive a system across phase transitions. In this short topical review, we illustrate this by reporting three recent cases in which phonon spectroscopy has been particularly insightful in addressing the physics of competing orders in unconventional superconductors, namely the high-temperature superconducting cuprates, Fe-based superconductors, and their Ni-based cousins.
{"title":"Lattice Dynamics Signatures of Competing Orders in Unconventional Superconductors","authors":"M. S., Souliou, F., Weber, M., le Tacon","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2226045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2226045","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Unconventional superconductivity typically refers to a superconducting state that stems from an effective attractive interaction between electronic quasiparticles, which is not the canonical electron-phonon coupling (EPC) [1]. The latter has been the key ingredient in unveiling the Cooper pairing mechanism on which builds the conventional theory of superconductivity (or theory of conventional superconductivity) originally proposed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer [2]. The large variety of unconventional superconducting materials indicates that there is probably no unified theory of unconventional superconductivity that could account for all phenomena encountered in these materials. Nevertheless, it appears empirically that unconventional superconductivity often emerges in the neighborhood of closely degenerate electronic phases, which coexist, sometimes compete, or are even intertwined with the superconducting state [3, 4]. Critical fluctuations associated with these other electronic phases are often suspected to play a decisive role in unconventional superconducting pairing, which has in turn motivated the development of experimental tools allowing us to probe materials of interest at energies and momenta matched to their intrinsic collective responses. As such, even though the EPC does not appear to be the primary driver of unconventional superconductivity, the coupling of electronic to lattice degrees of freedom has proven to be a sensitive probe of competing orders. Renormalization of the phonon spectra across electronic phase transitions is a particularly well-suited approach for these investigations. It has recently benefited a lot from the development of inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) [5], which enables in particular the use of high pressures (in the tens of GPa range) as a “clean” way to drive a system across phase transitions. In this short topical review, we illustrate this by reporting three recent cases in which phonon spectroscopy has been particularly insightful in addressing the physics of competing orders in unconventional superconductors, namely the high-temperature superconducting cuprates, Fe-based superconductors, and their Ni-based cousins.","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"16 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49235612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2226048
Jian-wei Huang, Yucheng Guo, M. Yi
Introduction Superconductivity in the iron-based materials was first discovered in 2008 in fluorine-doped LaFeAsO, with a superconducting transition temperature Tc of 26 K [1]. Like most major discoveries in physics, this was a serendipitous discovery, in this case in the search for transparent semiconductors for flexible displays [2]. Very quickly, researchers across the world raced to synthesize and discover related iron-based superconductors (FeSCs), raising the Tc to 55 K [3,4] within a few months and launching what became known in the field as the “iron age”. As the second family of high-temperature superconductors after the dominance of the copper oxide superconductors, one of the first questions raised was whether the superconductivity in FeSCs was of similar or distinct origin as the cuprates. Having benefited from substantial development through the prior studies of cuprates and heavy fermion systems, the tool of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), with its capability to measure the single-particle spectral function in a momentumresolved fashion, became a unique and important technique to the study of this new family of superconductors [5]. In this work, we review two important aspects of the FeSCs contributed by synchrotron-based ARPES: orbital-selective correlation effects and nematicity, as well as the expansion of ARPES as a tool driven by these physics in the FeSCs. The common building block of any FeSC is a tetragonal iron-pnictogen or iron-chalcogen plane (Figure 1b) [7]. The pnictogens (As, P) or chalcogens (Se, Te) pucker alternatively above and below the iron-plane such that the true unit cell of the crystal structure is a 2-Fe unit cell— double that of the 1-Fe unit cell when considering only the iron plane. Different FeSCs can be built by simply stacking such layers, as is the case in FeSe, or by inserting alkaline-earth metal elements or alkali metals in between the layers, such as BaFe2As2 and NaFeAs (Figure 1a). The dominant density of states near the Fermi level are of Fe 3d orbitals, in particular the three t2g orbitals of dxz, dyz, and dxy [8,9]. Due to the common Fe plane amongst FeSCs, the electronic structure across the FeSC families is similar, consisting of three hole-like bands around the Brillouin zone (BZ) center (Γ) and two electron-like bands around the 2-Fe BZ corner (M). As shown in Figure 1c, these bands are dominated by different orbital characters, and form small Fermi pockets around the Γ and M points. Due to the presence of all three t2g orbitals at the Fermi level, EF, the multi-orbital nature of FeSCs manifests as a key aspect of their properties. ARPES, as one of the very few experimental techniques that can directly probe the orbital degree of freedom, has made important contributions to the understanding of both the normal state properties as well as the superconducting properties in the FeSCs [10–18]. Across the numerous members of the FeSCs, the phase diagrams also share strong sim
{"title":"Electron Correlations and Nematicity in the Iron-Based Superconductors","authors":"Jian-wei Huang, Yucheng Guo, M. Yi","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2226048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2226048","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Superconductivity in the iron-based materials was first discovered in 2008 in fluorine-doped LaFeAsO, with a superconducting transition temperature Tc of 26 K [1]. Like most major discoveries in physics, this was a serendipitous discovery, in this case in the search for transparent semiconductors for flexible displays [2]. Very quickly, researchers across the world raced to synthesize and discover related iron-based superconductors (FeSCs), raising the Tc to 55 K [3,4] within a few months and launching what became known in the field as the “iron age”. As the second family of high-temperature superconductors after the dominance of the copper oxide superconductors, one of the first questions raised was whether the superconductivity in FeSCs was of similar or distinct origin as the cuprates. Having benefited from substantial development through the prior studies of cuprates and heavy fermion systems, the tool of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), with its capability to measure the single-particle spectral function in a momentumresolved fashion, became a unique and important technique to the study of this new family of superconductors [5]. In this work, we review two important aspects of the FeSCs contributed by synchrotron-based ARPES: orbital-selective correlation effects and nematicity, as well as the expansion of ARPES as a tool driven by these physics in the FeSCs. The common building block of any FeSC is a tetragonal iron-pnictogen or iron-chalcogen plane (Figure 1b) [7]. The pnictogens (As, P) or chalcogens (Se, Te) pucker alternatively above and below the iron-plane such that the true unit cell of the crystal structure is a 2-Fe unit cell— double that of the 1-Fe unit cell when considering only the iron plane. Different FeSCs can be built by simply stacking such layers, as is the case in FeSe, or by inserting alkaline-earth metal elements or alkali metals in between the layers, such as BaFe2As2 and NaFeAs (Figure 1a). The dominant density of states near the Fermi level are of Fe 3d orbitals, in particular the three t2g orbitals of dxz, dyz, and dxy [8,9]. Due to the common Fe plane amongst FeSCs, the electronic structure across the FeSC families is similar, consisting of three hole-like bands around the Brillouin zone (BZ) center (Γ) and two electron-like bands around the 2-Fe BZ corner (M). As shown in Figure 1c, these bands are dominated by different orbital characters, and form small Fermi pockets around the Γ and M points. Due to the presence of all three t2g orbitals at the Fermi level, EF, the multi-orbital nature of FeSCs manifests as a key aspect of their properties. ARPES, as one of the very few experimental techniques that can directly probe the orbital degree of freedom, has made important contributions to the understanding of both the normal state properties as well as the superconducting properties in the FeSCs [10–18]. Across the numerous members of the FeSCs, the phase diagrams also share strong sim","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"30 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2207456
N. Terrill, A. Bombardi, F. Carlà, G. Cinque, M. Derry, A. Milsom, G. Siligardi, T. Snow, P. Topham, X. B. Zeng, T. Zinn
These new insights, based on firm experimental results, may under - pin a new phase of research into the physical-chemistry basis of LLTs in molecular liquids, their occurrence
这些基于坚定实验结果的新见解，可能会为分子液体中LLT的物理化学基础及其发生奠定新的研究阶段
{"title":"Polymer and Soft Matter Research at Diamond Light Source","authors":"N. Terrill, A. Bombardi, F. Carlà, G. Cinque, M. Derry, A. Milsom, G. Siligardi, T. Snow, P. Topham, X. B. Zeng, T. Zinn","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2207456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2207456","url":null,"abstract":"These new insights, based on firm experimental results, may under - pin a new phase of research into the physical-chemistry basis of LLTs in molecular liquids, their occurrence","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"37 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43687779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2204096
M. Bera, Qingteng Zhang, X. Zuo, W. Bu, Joseph Strzalka, S. Weigand, J. Ilavsky, E. Dufresne, Suresh Narayanan, Byeongdu Lee
Mrinal Bera,1 Qingteng Zhang,2 XiaoBing Zuo,2 Wei Bu,1 Joe StrZalka,2 Steven Weigand,3 Jan ilavSky,2 eric dufreSne,2 SureSh narayanan,2 and Byeongdu lee2 1NSF’s ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA 2X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA 3Northwestern University/DND-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Mrinal Bera，1 Qingteng Zhang，2 XiaoBing Zuo，2 Wei Bu，1 Joe StrZalka，2 Steven Weigand，3 Jan ilavSky，2 eric dufreSne，2 SureSh narayanan，2 and Byeongdu lee2 1NSF的ChemMatCARS，Pritzker分子工程学院，芝加哥大学，伊利诺伊州，美国，阿贡国家实验室，美国伊利诺伊州莱蒙特
{"title":"Opportunities of Soft Materials Research at Advanced Photon Source","authors":"M. Bera, Qingteng Zhang, X. Zuo, W. Bu, Joseph Strzalka, S. Weigand, J. Ilavsky, E. Dufresne, Suresh Narayanan, Byeongdu Lee","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2204096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2204096","url":null,"abstract":"Mrinal Bera,1 Qingteng Zhang,2 XiaoBing Zuo,2 Wei Bu,1 Joe StrZalka,2 Steven Weigand,3 Jan ilavSky,2 eric dufreSne,2 SureSh narayanan,2 and Byeongdu lee2 1NSF’s ChemMatCARS, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA 2X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA 3Northwestern University/DND-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"12 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41590255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2023.2203048
Cheng Wang
Polymers and soft materials have a wide range of applications in different fields, including industrial, pharmaceutical, energy, and electronics. The properties of these materials are determined by the intricate connections among their chemical structure, local intermolecular and global morphology, and kinetics. Understanding these connections is essential for developing new and better polymer-based function materials. Advanced characterization using synchrotron radiation has been utilized by researchers in both fundamental and applied research in polymer science, providing valuable insights into a wide range of scientific questions. This special issue will feature polymer and soft material research from a small selection of synchrotron facilities across the globe. These facilities include the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS, USA), Advanced Photon Source (APS, USA), National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS II, USA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (France), and DIAMOND Light Source (UK). Rather than a comprehensive review, the aim here is to provide a selection of examples showcasing the applications of synchrotron radiation in polymer and soft materials research, as well as highlighting a range of unique capabilities of each facility. Building upon the more traditional techniques, such as small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), X-ray diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy, modern synchrotron facilities have been continuously working on strengthening these techniques, including improving the beamline optics, developing new sample environments, and incorporating advanced data analysis methods. Exemplified by the newly constructed FMB beamline at CHESS, advances have been made in microand nanoprobes, as well as time-resolved coherent scattering techniques across different synchrotron facilities. Additionally, there has been development of automated and modular setups that allow for insitu/operando measurements. Moreover, significant effort has been invested in developing multimodal capabilities, which allow correlated analysis for in-situ studies. Highthroughput techniques have also been developed, which enable the screening of large sample libraries with autonomous experimental control with the assistance from artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. These techniques have shown promising results in the analysis and interpretation of large datasets, as well as in the development of predictive models. State-of-the-art capabilities, such as resonant soft and tender X-ray scattering, as well as soft X-ray microscopy, have sparked increasing demand from the soft-matter research community, demonstrated by the RSoXS beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), the NIST-funded RSoXS beamline, and the SMI beamline at NSLS II. Energy tunable soft and tender X-rays have been proven to be a unique set of tools that can probe molecular and electronic structure, spatial and orientation information, and time-resolved dynami
{"title":"Polymers and Soft Materials","authors":"Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1080/08940886.2023.2203048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2023.2203048","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers and soft materials have a wide range of applications in different fields, including industrial, pharmaceutical, energy, and electronics. The properties of these materials are determined by the intricate connections among their chemical structure, local intermolecular and global morphology, and kinetics. Understanding these connections is essential for developing new and better polymer-based function materials. Advanced characterization using synchrotron radiation has been utilized by researchers in both fundamental and applied research in polymer science, providing valuable insights into a wide range of scientific questions. This special issue will feature polymer and soft material research from a small selection of synchrotron facilities across the globe. These facilities include the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS, USA), Advanced Photon Source (APS, USA), National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS II, USA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (France), and DIAMOND Light Source (UK). Rather than a comprehensive review, the aim here is to provide a selection of examples showcasing the applications of synchrotron radiation in polymer and soft materials research, as well as highlighting a range of unique capabilities of each facility. Building upon the more traditional techniques, such as small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), X-ray diffraction, microscopy and spectroscopy, modern synchrotron facilities have been continuously working on strengthening these techniques, including improving the beamline optics, developing new sample environments, and incorporating advanced data analysis methods. Exemplified by the newly constructed FMB beamline at CHESS, advances have been made in microand nanoprobes, as well as time-resolved coherent scattering techniques across different synchrotron facilities. Additionally, there has been development of automated and modular setups that allow for insitu/operando measurements. Moreover, significant effort has been invested in developing multimodal capabilities, which allow correlated analysis for in-situ studies. Highthroughput techniques have also been developed, which enable the screening of large sample libraries with autonomous experimental control with the assistance from artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. These techniques have shown promising results in the analysis and interpretation of large datasets, as well as in the development of predictive models. State-of-the-art capabilities, such as resonant soft and tender X-ray scattering, as well as soft X-ray microscopy, have sparked increasing demand from the soft-matter research community, demonstrated by the RSoXS beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), the NIST-funded RSoXS beamline, and the SMI beamline at NSLS II. Energy tunable soft and tender X-rays have been proven to be a unique set of tools that can probe molecular and electronic structure, spatial and orientation information, and time-resolved dynami","PeriodicalId":39020,"journal":{"name":"Synchrotron Radiation News","volume":"36 1","pages":"2 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46351662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：