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New Opportunities for Earth Science at the Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 欧洲同步加速器辐射设施的超亮光源为地球科学带来了新机遇
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2159711
A. D. Rosa, I. Kupenko, J. Hernández, A. Forestier, M. Muñoz, G. Morard, M. A. Bouhifd, K. Lomachenko, R. Torchio, A. Chumakov, O. Mathon, M. Mezouar
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引用次数: 1
SNI2022: German Conference for Research with Synchrotron Radiation, Neutrons, and Ion Beams at Large-Scale Facilities SNI2022:德国同步辐射、中子和离子束大规模研究会议
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2161790
J. Lüning
More than 400 researchers, primarily from Germany, but also from Europe and countries further abroad, gathered for the SNI2022 conference in Berlin, which took place at the Freie Universität Berlin from September 5 to 7, 2022. The participants’ common denominator is their expertise and great interest in using advanced experimental techniques uniquely provided by large-scale research facilities. The research interests cover a broad variety of scientific fields, the goals encompassing everything from curiosity-driven investigations of fundamental principles to application-oriented development of materials and devices. The SNI2022 conference therefore provided an overview of the breadth of scientific and technological areas as well as innovation and technology development to which research with synchrotron radiation, neutrons, and ion beams at large-scale facilities contributes. These facilities provide scientists from universities, research institutions, and industry with world-leading, and in many cases even world-wide unique experimental capabilities; for example, revealing the finest details of structural and functional properties, following their evolution in situ and during operation under relevant conditions, and resolving the dynamics of fundamental processes. Tailoring of the facilities’ instruments to specific needs has in many cases been made possible thanks to funding of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the ErUM framework (Investigation of the Universe and Matter), an internationally recognized tool fostering collaborations between university research groups and facilities.
超过400名研究人员,主要来自德国,也来自欧洲和更远的国家,聚集在柏林的SNI2022会议,该会议于2022年9月5日至7日在柏林自由Universität举行。参与者的共同点是他们的专业知识和对使用大型研究设施独特提供的先进实验技术的极大兴趣。研究兴趣涵盖了广泛的科学领域,目标涵盖了从好奇心驱动的基本原理调查到面向应用的材料和设备开发的一切。因此,SNI2022会议概述了科学和技术领域的广度,以及大型设施同步辐射,中子和离子束研究的创新和技术发展。这些设施为来自大学、研究机构和工业界的科学家提供了世界领先的、在许多情况下甚至是世界独特的实验能力;例如,揭示结构和功能特性的最精细细节,跟踪它们在原位和相关条件下的运行过程中的演变,并解决基本过程的动力学。在许多情况下,由于联邦教育和研究部(BMBF)在ErUM框架内的资助(宇宙和物质调查),这是一个国际公认的促进大学研究小组和设施之间合作的工具,因此可以根据具体需求定制设施的仪器。
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引用次数: 0
From Outer Space to the Center of the Earth: How NSLS-II Capabilities Enable Geoscience Studies 从外太空到地球中心:NSLS-II能力如何促进地球科学研究
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2156752
R. Laasch, Zhenxian Liu, Lu Ma, Sarah Nicholas, P. Northrup, J. Thieme, M. Whitaker
From extraterrestrial materials to minerals under high pressure deep in Earth’s interior, scientists study the various natural materials and in-terconnected systems of our planet to better understand its origin and evolution, current processes and cycles, and future. This understanding is essential for access to natural resources, preservation of Earth’s critical environment, response to climate change, and protection from natural hazards. To answer important and large-scale questions about our environment, our planet, and our solar system, the keys are often found at the microscale of chemical and physical properties and processes. However, these questions are often so complex that researchers need highly specialized tools to access the intricate details of their samples. As a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facil - ity located at DOE’s Brookhaven National Laboratory, the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) provides a wide range of capabilities ideal for studying geological samples. The following highlights describe application of several beamlines at NSLS-II, covering a range of spatial and energy scales, for geological research.
从地外物质到地球内部深处高压下的矿物,科学家们研究了我们星球的各种自然物质和相互连接的系统,以更好地了解其起源和进化、当前过程和周期以及未来。这种理解对于获得自然资源、保护地球的关键环境、应对气候变化和保护免受自然灾害至关重要。为了回答有关我们的环境、地球和太阳系的重要而大规模的问题,关键往往是在化学和物理性质和过程的微观尺度上找到的。然而,这些问题往往非常复杂,研究人员需要高度专业化的工具来获取样本的复杂细节。作为位于美国能源部布鲁克黑文国家实验室的美国能源部(DOE)科学办公室用户设施,国家同步加速器光源II(NSLS-II)提供了广泛的功能,非常适合研究地质样本。以下重点介绍了NSLS-II的几个波束线在地质研究中的应用,涵盖了一系列空间和能量尺度。
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引用次数: 1
Synchrotron Radiation and Earth Science 同步辐射与地球科学
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2161791
H. Wagner
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引用次数: 0
ALS User Meeting and Workshops 2022 ALS User Meeting Highlights ALS用户会议和研讨会2022 ALS用户会议亮点
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2159713
Sintu Rongpipi
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引用次数: 0
Challenges and Opportunities of Machine Learning on Neutron and X-ray Scattering 中子和x射线散射机器学习的挑战和机遇
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2112498
Nathan C. Drucker, Tongtong Liu, Zhantao Chen, Ryotaro Okabe, Abhijatmedhi Chotrattanapituk, Thanh Nguyen, Yao Wang, Mingda Li
Vol. 35, No. 4, 2022, Synchrotron radiation newS Feature article Challenges and Opportunities of Machine Learning on Neutron and X-ray Scattering NathaN C. DruCker,1,2 toNgtoNg Liu,1,3 ZhaNtao CheN,1,4 ryotaro okabe,1,5 abhijatmeDhi ChotrattaNapituk1,6 thaNh NguyeN,1,7 yao WaNg,8 aND miNgDa Li1,7 1Quantum Measurement Group, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 2School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 3Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 5Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 6Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 7Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA 8Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA Introduction Machine learning has been highly successful in boosting the research for neutron and X-ray scattering in the past few years [1, 2]. For diffraction, machine learning has shown great promise in phase mapping [3, 4] and crystallographic information determination [5, 6]. In small-angle scattering, machine learning shows the power in reaching super-resolution [7, 8], reconstructing structures for macromolecules [9], and building structure-property relations [10]. As for absorption spectroscopy, machine learning has enabled the rapid inverse search for optimized structures [11, 12] with improved spectral interpretability [13, 14]. Overall, as a data-driven approach, the success of the machinelearning-based scattering analysis depends on a few criteria, including:
NathaN C. DruCker,1,2刘彤彤,1,3陈占涛,1,4 okabe ryotaro,1,5 abhijatmeDhi chotrattanapituk1,6 NguyeN thaNh,1,7 WaNg yao,8 and limingda 1,7量子测量组,麻省理工学院,剑桥,马萨诸塞州,美国2哈佛大学工程与应用科学学院,剑桥,美国3麻省理工学院,剑桥,物理系美国马萨诸塞州4美国马萨诸塞州剑桥市麻省理工学院机械工程系5美国马萨诸塞州剑桥市麻省理工学院化学系6美国马萨诸塞州剑桥市麻省理工学院电气工程与计算机科学系7美国马萨诸塞州剑桥市麻省理工学院核科学与工程系8南卡罗来纳州克莱姆森大学物理与天文系;在过去的几年中,机器学习在促进中子和x射线散射研究方面取得了很大的成功[1,2]。对于衍射,机器学习在相映射[3,4]和晶体学信息确定[5,6]方面显示出很大的前景。在小角度散射中,机器学习在达到超分辨率[7,8],重建大分子[9]的结构以及建立结构-性质关系[10]方面显示出强大的能力。在吸收光谱方面,机器学习使优化结构的快速逆搜索成为可能[11,12],提高了光谱的可解释性[13,14]。总的来说,作为一种数据驱动的方法,基于机器学习的散射分析的成功取决于几个标准,包括:
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引用次数: 0
Embedding AI in the Protein Crystallography Workflow 将人工智能嵌入蛋白质晶体学工作流程
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2114723
Richard J. Gildea, C. Orr, N. Paterson, D. Hall
Historically, solving the structure of a protein required deep knowledge of crystallography and the ability to produce protein crystals of suitable quality to generate high-quality diffraction data. Over the years, as beamline optics, end-stations, detectors, and data collection strategies have improved, it has become more feasible to extract highquality diffraction data from ever smaller or less perfect protein crystals and from very large arrays of crystals for techniques such as serial synchrotron crystallography and fragment-based drug discovery. At Diamond, these improvements have been coupled with highly integrated automated pipelines for data reduction and structure solution using techniques such as molecular replacement and experimental phasing. This has led to the dichotomy, and benefits, of being able to do increasingly challenging experiments requiring deep crystallographic knowledge with facility staff support at the same time as lowering the barrier to entry where automated structure solution tools of the facility perform this task for those scientists with less experience. This enables users to focus on the science rather than the process. Diamond Light Source, the UK’s national synchrotron, has a suite of instruments dedicated to solving the 3D structure of large biological molecules, including seven macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamlines. Solved 3D structures are deposited into the publicly available Protein Data Bank (PDB) and the depositions are released on a weekly basis. In 2020, following 13 years of operation, Diamond hit the milestone of 10,000 structures deposited in the PDB. Two years on, this number is now more than 12,000. Thanks to decades of work across the world, there is an ocean of information in the PDB that serves as an invaluable reference when solving the structures of new proteins.
从历史上看,解决蛋白质的结构需要深入的晶体学知识和生产合适质量的蛋白质晶体以生成高质量衍射数据的能力。多年来,随着光束线光学、终端站、探测器和数据收集策略的改进,从越来越小或不太完美的蛋白质晶体和非常大的晶体阵列中提取高质量衍射数据变得更加可行,用于串行同步加速器晶体学和基于碎片的药物发现等技术。在Diamond,这些改进与高度集成的自动化管道相结合,用于使用分子替换和实验定相等技术进行数据简化和结构解决方案。这导致了二分法和好处,即能够在设施工作人员的支持下进行越来越具有挑战性的实验,需要深入的晶体学知识,同时降低了设施的自动化结构解决方案工具为经验较少的科学家执行这项任务的门槛。这使得用户能够专注于科学而不是过程。英国国家同步加速器钻石光源拥有一套专门用于解决大生物分子三维结构的仪器,包括七条大分子晶体学(MX)光束线。解算的3D结构被存入公开可用的蛋白质数据库(PDB),并且沉积物每周发布一次。2020年,经过13年的运营,Diamond达到了在PDB中沉积10000个结构的里程碑。两年过去了,这个数字现在已经超过1.2万。由于世界各地几十年的工作,PDB中有大量的信息,在解决新蛋白质的结构时可以作为宝贵的参考。
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引用次数: 1
Marking 75 Years of Science with Synchrotron Light 用同步加速器光纪念科学75周年
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2114702
Silvana Westbury
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引用次数: 0
Advancing AI/ML at the Advanced Photon Source 推进AI/ML在先进光子源
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2112500
C. Benmore, Tekin Bicer, M. Chan, Z. Di, Dogˇa Gürsoy, In-hui Hwang, N. Kuklev, Dergan Lin, Zhengchun Liu, I. Lobach, Zhi-wei Qiao, L. Rebuffi, Hemant Sharma, Xianbo Shi, Cheng-wei Sun, Yudong Yao, T. Zhou, A. Sandy, A. Miceli, Yin-e Sun, N. Schwarz, M. Cherukara
To address this, we have designed a fully integrated digital twin environment for simulation and debugging based on experimentally collected data. We have been able to show that incorporating time and physics-based biasing can improve long-term stability and robustness sufficiently for long-term use. Resulting ML libraries were interfaced with a Tcl/Tk production control system via an SDDS-compatible interface, which allowed for easy integration and immediate operational use. Experimental benchmarks have demonstrated new methods to be faster than existing ones in recovering full performance of the accelerator after a perturbation.
为了解决这个问题,我们设计了一个完全集成的数字孪生环境,用于基于实验收集的数据的仿真和调试。我们已经能够证明,结合时间和基于物理的偏置可以提高长期使用的长期稳定性和鲁棒性。生成的ML库通过与sdds兼容的接口与Tcl/Tk生产控制系统进行接口,这使得易于集成和立即操作使用。实验基准表明,新方法比现有方法在扰动后恢复加速器的全部性能要快。
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引用次数: 2
Annotat3D: A Modern Web Application for Interactive Segmentation of Volumetric Images at Sirius/LNLS Annotat3D:用于天狼星/LNLS的体积图像交互式分割的现代Web应用程序
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2022.2112501
Allan Pinto, Gabriel Borin, Bruno Carlos, Matheus Bernardi, Matheus F. Sarmento, Alan Z. Peixinho, T. V. Spina, E. Miqueles
Vol. 35, No. 4, 2022, Synchrotron radiation newS Technical RepoRT Annotat3D: A Modern Web Application for Interactive Segmentation of Volumetric Images at Sirius/LNLS AllAn Pinto, GAbriel borin, bruno CArlos, MAtheus l. bernArdi, MAtheus F. sArMento, AlAn Z. Peixinho, thiAGo V. sPinA, And eduArdo x. Miqueles Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
第35卷,2022年第4期,同步辐射新技术报告Annotat3D:在Sirius/LNLS AllAn Pinto、GAbriel borin、bruno CArlos、MAtheus l.bernArdi、MAtheous F.sArMento、AlAn Z.Peixinho、thiAGo V.sPinA和eduArdo x.Miqueles巴西同步光实验室(LNLS)进行体积图像交互式分割的现代网络应用,巴西能源与材料研究中心(CNPEM),巴西圣保罗坎皮纳斯
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Synchrotron Radiation News
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