Umar Musa, Shaharil Mohd Shah, Huda Bin Abdul Majid, Mohamad Kamal Abd Rahim, Muhammad Sani Yahya, Zainab Yunusa, Abubakar Salisu, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin
{"title":"Wearable Dual-band Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for WBAN Applications","authors":"Umar Musa, Shaharil Mohd Shah, Huda Bin Abdul Majid, Mohamad Kamal Abd Rahim, Muhammad Sani Yahya, Zainab Yunusa, Abubakar Salisu, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin","doi":"10.2528/pierm23060705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23060705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134883096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-objective Optimal Design of Single-phase Line-starting Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Response Surface Method","authors":"Shixiong Yin, Aiyuan Wang","doi":"10.2528/pierm23070701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23070701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
|Phase noise is a common hardware impairment that affects the performance of beamforming systems. Therefore, analysis of its impact is of great practical interest. Although Sidelobe Cancellation (SLC) is a mature technique, existing analyses typically ignore the effect of phase noise, due to the shared assumption that the down-conversion circuits have a common local-oscillator (LO). However, when distributed phase-lock-loops (PLLs) are used, the impact of phase noise cannot be neglected. Therefore, this paper derives new mathematical models of performances, including signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and beamforming gain. Exact and approximated analytical models are obtained, respectively. In addition, we propose an average beam pattern formula to replace the traditional beam pattern formula, to improve the consistency between beam null depth and the beamforming gain. The theoretical (cid:12)ndings are veri(cid:12)ed through signal-level simulations.
{"title":"Impact of Phase Noise on Sidelobe Cancellation System Utilizing Distributed Phase-Lock-Loops","authors":"Qing Wang, Kang Luo, Huanding Qin","doi":"10.2528/pierm23070601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23070601","url":null,"abstract":"|Phase noise is a common hardware impairment that affects the performance of beamforming systems. Therefore, analysis of its impact is of great practical interest. Although Sidelobe Cancellation (SLC) is a mature technique, existing analyses typically ignore the effect of phase noise, due to the shared assumption that the down-conversion circuits have a common local-oscillator (LO). However, when distributed phase-lock-loops (PLLs) are used, the impact of phase noise cannot be neglected. Therefore, this paper derives new mathematical models of performances, including signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and beamforming gain. Exact and approximated analytical models are obtained, respectively. In addition, we propose an average beam pattern formula to replace the traditional beam pattern formula, to improve the consistency between beam null depth and the beamforming gain. The theoretical (cid:12)ndings are veri(cid:12)ed through signal-level simulations.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siddhant Goswami, Deepak C. Karia, Tapas Bhuiya, Vikalp Pratap Singh
|In this research work, a (cid:13)exible metamaterial inspired antenna is proposed. The substrate is made of polyamide making it bendable. The stepwise detail analysis is discussed, and the antenna has two complimentary split resonators with circular ring placed in the ground plane. A superstrate along with an EBG structure is added in the (cid:12)nal design. Mathematical modelling is done to prove metamaterial structure. To test the on-body results, (cid:12)rst the permittivity of different fabrics is measured using DSL-01 (SES Instruments Pvt. Ltd). Phantom solution is required to test In-Body (Implantable) results
{"title":"An Multilayer Metamaterial Inspired Antenna for In-Body and On-Body Application","authors":"Siddhant Goswami, Deepak C. Karia, Tapas Bhuiya, Vikalp Pratap Singh","doi":"10.2528/pierm23052703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23052703","url":null,"abstract":"|In this research work, a (cid:13)exible metamaterial inspired antenna is proposed. The substrate is made of polyamide making it bendable. The stepwise detail analysis is discussed, and the antenna has two complimentary split resonators with circular ring placed in the ground plane. A superstrate along with an EBG structure is added in the (cid:12)nal design. Mathematical modelling is done to prove metamaterial structure. To test the on-body results, (cid:12)rst the permittivity of different fabrics is measured using DSL-01 (SES Instruments Pvt. Ltd). Phantom solution is required to test In-Body (Implantable) results","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied electromagnetic wave propagation in a system that is periodic in both space and time, namely a discrete 2D transmission line (TL) with capacitors modulated in tandem externally. Kirchhoff's laws lead to an eigenvalue equation whose solutions yield a band structure (BS) for the circular frequency $omega$ as function of the phase advances $k_{x}a$ and $k_{y}a$ in the plane of the TL. The surfaces $omega(k_{x}a, k_{y}a)$ display exotic behavior like forbidden $omega$ bands, forbidden $k$ bands, both, or neither. Certain critical combinations of the modulation strength $m_{c}$ and the modulation frequency $Omega$ mark transitions from $omega$ stop bands to forbidden $k$ bands, corresponding to phase transitions from no propagation to propagation of waves. Such behavior is found invariably at the high symmetry $mathbf{X}$ and $mathbf{M}$ points of the spatial Brillouin zone (BZ) and at the boundary $omega=(1/2)Omega$ of the temporal BZ. At such boundaries the $omega(k_{x}a, k_{y}a)$ surfaces in neighboring BZs assume conical forms that just touch, resembling a South American toy"di'abolo"; the point of contact is thus called a"diabolic point". Our investigation reveals interesting interplay between geometry, critical points, and phase transitions.
{"title":"WAVE PROPAGATION IN ELECTRIC PERIODIC STRUCTURE IN SPACE WITH MODULATION IN TIME (2D+1)","authors":"Jos'e de Jes'us Salazar-Arrieta, P. Halevi","doi":"10.2528/pierm21061707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm21061707","url":null,"abstract":"We studied electromagnetic wave propagation in a system that is periodic in both space and time, namely a discrete 2D transmission line (TL) with capacitors modulated in tandem externally. Kirchhoff's laws lead to an eigenvalue equation whose solutions yield a band structure (BS) for the circular frequency $omega$ as function of the phase advances $k_{x}a$ and $k_{y}a$ in the plane of the TL. The surfaces $omega(k_{x}a, k_{y}a)$ display exotic behavior like forbidden $omega$ bands, forbidden $k$ bands, both, or neither. Certain critical combinations of the modulation strength $m_{c}$ and the modulation frequency $Omega$ mark transitions from $omega$ stop bands to forbidden $k$ bands, corresponding to phase transitions from no propagation to propagation of waves. Such behavior is found invariably at the high symmetry $mathbf{X}$ and $mathbf{M}$ points of the spatial Brillouin zone (BZ) and at the boundary $omega=(1/2)Omega$ of the temporal BZ. At such boundaries the $omega(k_{x}a, k_{y}a)$ surfaces in neighboring BZs assume conical forms that just touch, resembling a South American toy\"di'abolo\"; the point of contact is thus called a\"diabolic point\". Our investigation reveals interesting interplay between geometry, critical points, and phase transitions.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42506488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Zhang, Yunying Wu, Liang Sun, Yang Gao, Yi Wang, Jun Xu
—Passband flatness and band-edge selectivity in microwave filters with finite quality-factor resonators can be improved by the synthesis of lossy filters. This paper demonstrates the extension of this technique to a lossy diplexer by means of resistive coupling. A dual-mode stub-loaded resonator (SLR) junction and a fork-like feedline are used in the diplexer to address the challenge of independently controlling the external coupling from the common port to the two channel filters and therefore enable flexible realization of the channel bandwidth. The coupling matrices with resistive couplings for the lossy diplexer are generated. For verification, a microstrip lossy diplexer operating at 1.91 and 2.6 GHz was designed and tested. The flatness of the passband has been significantly improved, with a reduction of the passband insertion loss variation from 1.4/1.2 dB to 0.66/0.63 dB for the low/high band. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulations as well as the theoretical responses from the coupling matrix. This was also experimentally compared with a reference diplexer without resistive couplings.
{"title":"A MICROSTRIP LOSSY DIPLEXER WITH FLAT CHANNEL PASSBANDS","authors":"Fan Zhang, Yunying Wu, Liang Sun, Yang Gao, Yi Wang, Jun Xu","doi":"10.2528/pierm20011605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm20011605","url":null,"abstract":"—Passband flatness and band-edge selectivity in microwave filters with finite quality-factor resonators can be improved by the synthesis of lossy filters. This paper demonstrates the extension of this technique to a lossy diplexer by means of resistive coupling. A dual-mode stub-loaded resonator (SLR) junction and a fork-like feedline are used in the diplexer to address the challenge of independently controlling the external coupling from the common port to the two channel filters and therefore enable flexible realization of the channel bandwidth. The coupling matrices with resistive couplings for the lossy diplexer are generated. For verification, a microstrip lossy diplexer operating at 1.91 and 2.6 GHz was designed and tested. The flatness of the passband has been significantly improved, with a reduction of the passband insertion loss variation from 1.4/1.2 dB to 0.66/0.63 dB for the low/high band. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulations as well as the theoretical responses from the coupling matrix. This was also experimentally compared with a reference diplexer without resistive couplings.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46656504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Harmer, Christopher I. Johnson, D. Wheeler, Hashim Bhabha
Millimetre-wave thermography is used to image through the soles of shoes as proof of principle study into the application of such an approach for security inspection. Current airport security screening practice necessitates the removal of shoes prior to x-ray screening for potential threats or other concealments, for example explosive or explosive precursor materials; narcotic substances or small weapons. The authors demonstrate that thermography at ∼ 250 GHz is able to reveal a variety of objects concealed within the soles of typical shoes, and that such an approach might be applied to rapidly screen passengers without necessitating the removal of their footwear.
{"title":"THERMOGRAPHY AT MILLIMETRE WAVELENGTHS FOR SECURITY INSPECTION OF FOOTWEAR","authors":"S. Harmer, Christopher I. Johnson, D. Wheeler, Hashim Bhabha","doi":"10.2528/pierm19100602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm19100602","url":null,"abstract":"Millimetre-wave thermography is used to image through the soles of shoes as proof of \u0000principle study into the application of such an approach for security inspection. Current airport security \u0000screening practice necessitates the removal of shoes prior to x-ray screening for potential threats or \u0000other concealments, for example explosive or explosive precursor materials; narcotic substances or small \u0000weapons. The authors demonstrate that thermography at ∼ 250 GHz is able to reveal a variety of \u0000objects concealed within the soles of typical shoes, and that such an approach might be applied to \u0000rapidly screen passengers without necessitating the removal of their footwear.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"88 1","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45646892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method is given for evaluating electromagnetic scattering by an irregular surface with spatially-varying impedance. This uses an operator expansion with respect to impedance variation and allows examination of its effects and the resulting modification of the field scattered by the rough surface. For a fixed rough surface and randomly varying impedance, expressions are derived for the scattered field itself, and for the coherent field with respect to impedance variation for both flat and rough surfaces in the form of effective impedance conditions.
{"title":"RANDOM SCATTERING BY ROUGH SURFACES WITH SPATIALLY VARYING IMPEDANCE","authors":"N. Basra, M. Spivack, O. R. Spivack","doi":"10.2528/PIERM20121902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERM20121902","url":null,"abstract":"A method is given for evaluating electromagnetic scattering by an irregular surface with spatially-varying impedance. This uses an operator expansion with respect to impedance variation and allows examination of its effects and the resulting modification of the field scattered by the rough surface. For a fixed rough surface and randomly varying impedance, expressions are derived for the scattered field itself, and for the coherent field with respect to impedance variation for both flat and rough surfaces in the form of effective impedance conditions.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44065807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After reaffirming that the macroscopic dipolar electromagnetic equations, which today are commonly referred to as Maxwell's equations, are found in Maxwell's Treatise, we explain from his Treatise that Maxwell defined his displacement vector D as the electric polarization and did not introduce in his Treatise or papers the concept of electric polarization P or the associated electric-polarization volume and surface charge densities, -div P and Pn, respectively. With this realization, we show that Maxwell's discussion of surface charge density between volume elements of dielectrics and between dielectrics and conductors becomes understandable and valid within the context of his definition of electric polarization as displacement D. Apparently, this identification of D with electric polarization in Maxwell's work has not been previously pointed out or documented except very briefly in [2].
{"title":"MAXWELL'S DEFINITION OF ELECTRIC POLARIZATION AS DISPLACEMENT","authors":"A. Yaghjian","doi":"10.2528/pierm19090802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm19090802","url":null,"abstract":"After reaffirming that the macroscopic dipolar electromagnetic equations, which today are commonly referred to as Maxwell's equations, are found in Maxwell's Treatise, we explain from his Treatise that Maxwell defined his displacement vector D as the electric polarization and did not introduce in his Treatise or papers the concept of electric polarization P or the associated electric-polarization volume and surface charge densities, -div P and Pn, respectively. With this realization, we show that Maxwell's discussion of surface charge density between volume elements of dielectrics and between dielectrics and conductors becomes understandable and valid within the context of his definition of electric polarization as displacement D. Apparently, this identification of D with electric polarization in Maxwell's work has not been previously pointed out or documented except very briefly in [2].","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2528/pierm19090802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45722138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a dual-polarisation shared-aperture duplex antenna is presented for satellite communications at the standard microwave Ku-band, based on the integrated filtering-antenna concept and co-design approach. The design relies on the use of resonators coupled to the radiating dual-band dual-polarisation antenna. The resonant patch antenna forms one pole of each channel filter, resulting in a third-order filter in the Rx channel and a second-order filter in the Tx channel. The Rx and Tx ports of the antenna take in horizontal and vertical linear polarisations, respectively. The integrated duplexer helps to increase the isolation between the ports and the selectivity of each channel. The integration between the filter and the antenna is achieved by electromagnetic coupling, without the need of external matching circuits. Thus it attains a compact footprint. The operation frequencies of the demonstrated duplex antenna are from 11 to 12.5 GHz (12.8%) for the downlink to the Rx port, and from 13 to 14.4 GHz (10.2%) for the uplink at the Tx port. High port-to-port isolation of over 40 dB is realized to reduce channel interference. Flat in-band average gains are achieved to be 7.8 and 8.3 dBi, for the lowand high-bands, respectively.
{"title":"A KU-BAND FILTERING DUPLEX ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS","authors":"Mostafa G. Aly, C. Mao, S. Gao, Yi Wang","doi":"10.2528/pierm19071506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm19071506","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a dual-polarisation shared-aperture duplex antenna is presented for satellite communications at the standard microwave Ku-band, based on the integrated filtering-antenna concept and co-design approach. The design relies on the use of resonators coupled to the radiating dual-band dual-polarisation antenna. The resonant patch antenna forms one pole of each channel filter, resulting in a third-order filter in the Rx channel and a second-order filter in the Tx channel. The Rx and Tx ports of the antenna take in horizontal and vertical linear polarisations, respectively. The integrated duplexer helps to increase the isolation between the ports and the selectivity of each channel. The integration between the filter and the antenna is achieved by electromagnetic coupling, without the need of external matching circuits. Thus it attains a compact footprint. The operation frequencies of the demonstrated duplex antenna are from 11 to 12.5 GHz (12.8%) for the downlink to the Rx port, and from 13 to 14.4 GHz (10.2%) for the uplink at the Tx port. High port-to-port isolation of over 40 dB is realized to reduce channel interference. Flat in-band average gains are achieved to be 7.8 and 8.3 dBi, for the lowand high-bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2528/pierm19071506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42409502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：