Doudou Huang, Yurong Wu, Mingliang Shen, Longshan Xu, Jun Tang
: This study investigates beamforming and optimization in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) radar systems. The objective of this research is to mitigate the range-angle coupling effect in MIMO OFDM radarsystems byadopting range compensationand distance-angle decouplingmethods, whichis to ensurethat the signalprocessing during radar waveform formation does not impact the aforementioned coupling effect. In distance compensation, the CVX toolbox is used to minimize peak sidelobe. A mathematical model is established, and an optimal set of transmission frequencies is achieved through the use of the Alternating-Direction-Method-of-Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm in the context of distance-angle decoupling. Both methods effectively eliminate distance-angle coupling and enhance detection and identification capabilities of MIMO OFDM radar systems.
{"title":"Optimizing Detection in MIMO OFDM Radar: Methods for Eliminating Distance-angle Coupling in Beamforming","authors":"Doudou Huang, Yurong Wu, Mingliang Shen, Longshan Xu, Jun Tang","doi":"10.2528/pierm23080103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23080103","url":null,"abstract":": This study investigates beamforming and optimization in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) radar systems. The objective of this research is to mitigate the range-angle coupling effect in MIMO OFDM radarsystems byadopting range compensationand distance-angle decouplingmethods, whichis to ensurethat the signalprocessing during radar waveform formation does not impact the aforementioned coupling effect. In distance compensation, the CVX toolbox is used to minimize peak sidelobe. A mathematical model is established, and an optimal set of transmission frequencies is achieved through the use of the Alternating-Direction-Method-of-Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm in the context of distance-angle decoupling. Both methods effectively eliminate distance-angle coupling and enhance detection and identification capabilities of MIMO OFDM radar systems.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Tanga Louk, Raphael Onguene, Serge Raoul Dzonde Naoussi, Sakaros Bogning, Jacques Etame, Modeste Kacou, Patrick Herve Ntanguen
{"title":"Millimeter Wave Attenuation in the Coastal Area of the Gulf of Guinea Subject to Heavy Rainfalls","authors":"Benjamin Tanga Louk, Raphael Onguene, Serge Raoul Dzonde Naoussi, Sakaros Bogning, Jacques Etame, Modeste Kacou, Patrick Herve Ntanguen","doi":"10.2528/pierm23071204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23071204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingming Gao, Hongliang Niu, Jing Chang Nan, Wen Hui Liu, Chun Li Liu
{"title":"2-Port High Gain Millimeter-wave MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications","authors":"Mingming Gao, Hongliang Niu, Jing Chang Nan, Wen Hui Liu, Chun Li Liu","doi":"10.2528/pierm23080707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23080707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-band 4-port Vivaldi MIMO Antenna for 5G mmWave Applications at 28/39 GHz","authors":"Golla Ramyasree, Nelaturi Suman","doi":"10.2528/pierm23080401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23080401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Wideband High-gain Antenna Loaded with Triangular Ring Metasurface","authors":"Ting Wu, Jia-Wei Wang, Mingjun Wang, Kai Zhang","doi":"10.2528/pierm23082902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23082902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
|In recent years, Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) has matured into a trustworthy and consistent method of obtaining ambient energy. For this energy to be utilized, it must be collected as efficiently over a broad range of frequencies as possible. In this regard, this article introduces a quad-band low-power, highly sensitive Radio Frequency (RF) to Direct Current (DC) signal converter circuit that operates at 1.5 GHz, 2.45 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5.5 GHz bands. The converter circuit is realized through single and dual-band converter circuit studies. These circuits comprise an impedance matching circuit, a voltage-doubler recti(cid:12)er, a DC-pass (cid:12)lter with a resistive load of 5 kΩ, and a DC-DC voltage booster (LTC3108). The proposed quad-band converter circuit without a voltage booster gives a DC output voltage of 118 mV, 81 mV, 56 mV, and 24 mV at the four operational frequencies on a low input power of (cid:0) 25 dBm, respectively. A DC voltage of 3.3 V is obtained when the converter circuit is connected to a voltage booster. Maximum conversion efficiency achieved is 48% from four tones on a power input of (cid:0) 10 dBm. Circuit design steps, matching conditions, and performance parameters are presented using the Advanced Design System (ADS) and LTspice simulation tools.
{"title":"A Quad-band Low Power High Sensitive RF to DC Converter Circuit for RF Energy Harvesting Applications","authors":"Pavan Mehta, Anveshkumar Nella","doi":"10.2528/pierm23073105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23073105","url":null,"abstract":"|In recent years, Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) has matured into a trustworthy and consistent method of obtaining ambient energy. For this energy to be utilized, it must be collected as efficiently over a broad range of frequencies as possible. In this regard, this article introduces a quad-band low-power, highly sensitive Radio Frequency (RF) to Direct Current (DC) signal converter circuit that operates at 1.5 GHz, 2.45 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5.5 GHz bands. The converter circuit is realized through single and dual-band converter circuit studies. These circuits comprise an impedance matching circuit, a voltage-doubler recti(cid:12)er, a DC-pass (cid:12)lter with a resistive load of 5 kΩ, and a DC-DC voltage booster (LTC3108). The proposed quad-band converter circuit without a voltage booster gives a DC output voltage of 118 mV, 81 mV, 56 mV, and 24 mV at the four operational frequencies on a low input power of (cid:0) 25 dBm, respectively. A DC voltage of 3.3 V is obtained when the converter circuit is connected to a voltage booster. Maximum conversion efficiency achieved is 48% from four tones on a power input of (cid:0) 10 dBm. Circuit design steps, matching conditions, and performance parameters are presented using the Advanced Design System (ADS) and LTspice simulation tools.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
|Utilizing deep learning to replace numerical simulation solvers for electromagnetic wave propagation is a promising approach for the rapid design of photonic devices. However, to realize the advantages of deep learning for rapid design, it is essential to apply it to a general device structure. In this study, we propose a method that employs deep learning to assist in fast design of a general grating coupler structure. We use a modi(cid:12)ed 1D-ResNet18(1D-MR18) to predict the coupling efficiency of various grating couplers at different wavelengths. After comparing and selecting the optimal combination of learning rate, activation functions, and batch normalization size, the 1D-MR18 demonstrates remarkable accuracy ( MSE : 2 : 18 (cid:2) 10 (cid:0) 5 , R 2 : 0 : 969, MAE : 0 : 003). By integrating the 1D-MR18 with the adaptive particle swarm algorithm, we can efficiently design periodic and nonuniform grating couplers that meet various functional requirements, including single-wavelength grating couplers, multi-wavelength grating couplers, and robust grating couplers. The time for designing a single device is no more than 2 minutes, and the shortest is only 17 seconds. This novel approach of employing deep learning for the fast and efficient design from standard photonic device structures offers valuable insights and guidance for photonic devices design.
{"title":"AI-based Fast Design for General Fiber-to-waveguide Grating Couplers","authors":"Zhenjia Zeng, Qiangsheng Huang, Sailing He","doi":"10.2528/pierm23072703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23072703","url":null,"abstract":"|Utilizing deep learning to replace numerical simulation solvers for electromagnetic wave propagation is a promising approach for the rapid design of photonic devices. However, to realize the advantages of deep learning for rapid design, it is essential to apply it to a general device structure. In this study, we propose a method that employs deep learning to assist in fast design of a general grating coupler structure. We use a modi(cid:12)ed 1D-ResNet18(1D-MR18) to predict the coupling efficiency of various grating couplers at different wavelengths. After comparing and selecting the optimal combination of learning rate, activation functions, and batch normalization size, the 1D-MR18 demonstrates remarkable accuracy ( MSE : 2 : 18 (cid:2) 10 (cid:0) 5 , R 2 : 0 : 969, MAE : 0 : 003). By integrating the 1D-MR18 with the adaptive particle swarm algorithm, we can efficiently design periodic and nonuniform grating couplers that meet various functional requirements, including single-wavelength grating couplers, multi-wavelength grating couplers, and robust grating couplers. The time for designing a single device is no more than 2 minutes, and the shortest is only 17 seconds. This novel approach of employing deep learning for the fast and efficient design from standard photonic device structures offers valuable insights and guidance for photonic devices design.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135954498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
|Generalized Mie theory provides a theoretical solution to the extinction cross-section curve of an electromagnetic scattering event with a multiparticle aggregate, given the con(cid:12)gurational information of the constituent particles. However, deducing the con(cid:12)guration of the aggregate from the extinction cross-section curve is a nontrivial inverse problem that can be cast as a global optimization problem. To address this challenge, we propose a computational scheme that combines global optimization search algorithms with a calculator known as the Generalized Multiparticle Mie-solution. The scheme is tested using mock scattering cross-section curves based on randomly generated aggregate con(cid:12)gurations. The scheme successfully reproduces the scattering curve by minimizing the discrepancy between the two scattering curves. However, the ground-truth con(cid:12)guration is not reproduced, as initially expected. This is due to the inability of the global optimization algorithm scheme used in the present work to correctly locate the global minimum in the high-dimensional parameter space. Nonetheless, the partial success of the proposed scheme to reconstruct the mock curves provides an instructive experience for future attempts to solve the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem by (cid:12)ne-tuning the present approach.
{"title":"Global Optimization for Extinction Curve Reconstruction in Inverse Electromagnetic Scattering of Multiparticle Aggregates","authors":"Ying Li Thong, Tiem Leong Yoon","doi":"10.2528/pierm23052601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierm23052601","url":null,"abstract":"|Generalized Mie theory provides a theoretical solution to the extinction cross-section curve of an electromagnetic scattering event with a multiparticle aggregate, given the con(cid:12)gurational information of the constituent particles. However, deducing the con(cid:12)guration of the aggregate from the extinction cross-section curve is a nontrivial inverse problem that can be cast as a global optimization problem. To address this challenge, we propose a computational scheme that combines global optimization search algorithms with a calculator known as the Generalized Multiparticle Mie-solution. The scheme is tested using mock scattering cross-section curves based on randomly generated aggregate con(cid:12)gurations. The scheme successfully reproduces the scattering curve by minimizing the discrepancy between the two scattering curves. However, the ground-truth con(cid:12)guration is not reproduced, as initially expected. This is due to the inability of the global optimization algorithm scheme used in the present work to correctly locate the global minimum in the high-dimensional parameter space. Nonetheless, the partial success of the proposed scheme to reconstruct the mock curves provides an instructive experience for future attempts to solve the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem by (cid:12)ne-tuning the present approach.","PeriodicalId":39028,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research M","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135651240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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