Pub Date : 2018-08-22DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2018.10015271
T. Furuki, Y. Kabaya, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama, Kiyofumi Inaba, K. Fujiwara
Carbon-fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been applied to various fields because of its excellent mechanical properties. Generally, after fabrication with moulding, CFRP requires additional machining, such as cutting or grinding. As the cutting tool for CFRP, a diamond-coated end-mill with high wear resistance has been developed. However, burr or uncut fibre is easily formed. Meanwhile, in the case when a grinding wheel is used, the machining efficiency is low even though there are sharp edges with burr or uncut fibres. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a versatile tool that can achieve precision machining of CFRP with high efficiency. This study develops a cBN electroplated end-mill that is a combination of a cutting tool and a grinding wheel. This report shows that the developed tool is able to perform high-efficiency cutting like the diamond coated end-mill, and high-precision grinding like a diamond wheel.
{"title":"Development of cBN electroplated end-mill combined cutting and grinding for precision machining of CFRP","authors":"T. Furuki, Y. Kabaya, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama, Kiyofumi Inaba, K. Fujiwara","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2018.10015271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2018.10015271","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been applied to various fields because of its excellent mechanical properties. Generally, after fabrication with moulding, CFRP requires additional machining, such as cutting or grinding. As the cutting tool for CFRP, a diamond-coated end-mill with high wear resistance has been developed. However, burr or uncut fibre is easily formed. Meanwhile, in the case when a grinding wheel is used, the machining efficiency is low even though there are sharp edges with burr or uncut fibres. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a versatile tool that can achieve precision machining of CFRP with high efficiency. This study develops a cBN electroplated end-mill that is a combination of a cutting tool and a grinding wheel. This report shows that the developed tool is able to perform high-efficiency cutting like the diamond coated end-mill, and high-precision grinding like a diamond wheel.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45669096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007959
Q. Yan, Cao Xiao-bei, Pan Jisheng
Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a new type of multi-function electronic ceramic material. SrTiO3 ceramic substrates with a high dielectric constant can be obtained by non-pressurised sintering using ultrathin blanks, which result in the characteristics of thin, soft, brittle and warped. So that SrTiO3 ceramics substrates need to be polished to improve surface quality and dimensional precision before application. In this research, polish experiments with various processing parameters on the surface roughness, the material removal rate and the surface morphologies of SrTiO3 ceramic substrates were conducted. The results show that the SrTiO3 ceramic substrate with a highest quality surface was obtained in the condition: employing a brown polyurethane pad to polish the substrates at a polishing velocity of 45 r/min. Meanwhile, the slurry flow rate, the concentration of the polishing slurry and the polishing pressure were 20 ml/min, 4 wt% and 15.043 kPa, respectively, which rates with an overall and a partial surface roughness of Ra 0.01 µm and Ra 4 nm, respectively. While some new micro-scratches were generated on the surface of the SrTiO3 ceramics substrate in the polishing process because the embedding and scratching of abrasive particle led to expose the inherent pores and grain boundaries.
{"title":"Experimental investigations on super-smooth polishing of strontium titanate based ceramics substrates","authors":"Q. Yan, Cao Xiao-bei, Pan Jisheng","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007959","url":null,"abstract":"Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a new type of multi-function electronic ceramic material. SrTiO3 ceramic substrates with a high dielectric constant can be obtained by non-pressurised sintering using ultrathin blanks, which result in the characteristics of thin, soft, brittle and warped. So that SrTiO3 ceramics substrates need to be polished to improve surface quality and dimensional precision before application. In this research, polish experiments with various processing parameters on the surface roughness, the material removal rate and the surface morphologies of SrTiO3 ceramic substrates were conducted. The results show that the SrTiO3 ceramic substrate with a highest quality surface was obtained in the condition: employing a brown polyurethane pad to polish the substrates at a polishing velocity of 45 r/min. Meanwhile, the slurry flow rate, the concentration of the polishing slurry and the polishing pressure were 20 ml/min, 4 wt% and 15.043 kPa, respectively, which rates with an overall and a partial surface roughness of Ra 0.01 µm and Ra 4 nm, respectively. While some new micro-scratches were generated on the surface of the SrTiO3 ceramics substrate in the polishing process because the embedding and scratching of abrasive particle led to expose the inherent pores and grain boundaries.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41674534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007964
Ali Zahedi, B. Azarhoushang
In this paper, an analytical approach is proposed for the modelling of ground surface and grinding forces in cylindrical grinding of ceramic materials. The model incorporates the near-actual distribution of cutting grains over the grinding wheel surface and a kinematic approach for the engagement of the grains with the workpiece surface per grinding parameters and conditions. To interpret the stochastic engagement of arbitrary grains with the workpiece, and to distinguish the dominant material removal mechanism, fracture mechanics of single-grain indentation is applied. The approach based on the fracture mechanics accounts for grain size and geometry and material properties. The results of a previously performed research on single-grain scratch tests are taken for interpreting force and workpiece surface characteristics. Without losing generality, the model was applied to a cylindrical plunge grinding of an alumina ceramic. The experiments show qualitative agreement of model predictions with the experimental force and ground workpiece topography.
{"title":"An analytical force and surface roughness model for cylindrical grinding of brittle materials","authors":"Ali Zahedi, B. Azarhoushang","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007964","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an analytical approach is proposed for the modelling of ground surface and grinding forces in cylindrical grinding of ceramic materials. The model incorporates the near-actual distribution of cutting grains over the grinding wheel surface and a kinematic approach for the engagement of the grains with the workpiece surface per grinding parameters and conditions. To interpret the stochastic engagement of arbitrary grains with the workpiece, and to distinguish the dominant material removal mechanism, fracture mechanics of single-grain indentation is applied. The approach based on the fracture mechanics accounts for grain size and geometry and material properties. The results of a previously performed research on single-grain scratch tests are taken for interpreting force and workpiece surface characteristics. Without losing generality, the model was applied to a cylindrical plunge grinding of an alumina ceramic. The experiments show qualitative agreement of model predictions with the experimental force and ground workpiece topography.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007963
X. Shi, S. Xiu, Xiuming Zhang
Grinding hardening (GH) is a common processing method and pre-stressed hardening grinding (PSHG) is presented combined with the advantages of grinding hardening and pre-stress grinding. In order to study their hardening and transformation mechanism, the paper carried on the GH and PSHG experiments. According to the results, the hardening mechanism in GH was reanalysed through the point of classical nucleation theory. And the coupling relationship of stress, temperature and microstructure in PSHG is studied as well. The study shows: the dislocation in the grinding area compensates the negative factors of cooling speed during GH, so the hardening effect is remarkable. In PSHG, the parent-phase-hardening and strain-inducing-phase-changing due to applying pre-stress have comprehensive effect on the martensitic phase transformation in the grinding process. The characteristic of microstructure in hardening layer can be controlled by applying different pre-stress in PSHG.
{"title":"Study on hardening mechanism in GH and PSHG based on classical nucleation theory","authors":"X. Shi, S. Xiu, Xiuming Zhang","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007963","url":null,"abstract":"Grinding hardening (GH) is a common processing method and pre-stressed hardening grinding (PSHG) is presented combined with the advantages of grinding hardening and pre-stress grinding. In order to study their hardening and transformation mechanism, the paper carried on the GH and PSHG experiments. According to the results, the hardening mechanism in GH was reanalysed through the point of classical nucleation theory. And the coupling relationship of stress, temperature and microstructure in PSHG is studied as well. The study shows: the dislocation in the grinding area compensates the negative factors of cooling speed during GH, so the hardening effect is remarkable. In PSHG, the parent-phase-hardening and strain-inducing-phase-changing due to applying pre-stress have comprehensive effect on the martensitic phase transformation in the grinding process. The characteristic of microstructure in hardening layer can be controlled by applying different pre-stress in PSHG.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45981841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007960
Jagdeep Singh, R. Sharma
The aim of current experimental investigation is to perform and study the effect of input processing parameters for abrasive mixed electrical discharge machining (PM-EDM) of tungsten carbide alloy. Mainly, four input processing parameters have been studied, i.e., pulse duration, peak current, abrasive concentration and abrasive grain size for the machinability evaluation of material removal rate and tool wear rate. In this study, graphite (C) abrasive is suspended into the dielectric fluid to make the discharging process stable and uniform, which results in improvement of process mechanism and efficiency. However, this study highlights the mathematical modelling to express the inter relationship between input processing and performance characteristics with the help of response surface methodology (RSM). Results from the study shows the positive influence of graphite abrasive used for PM-EDM of WC alloy with reduction in tool wear rate (5.22%) along with the achievement of significant material removal rate (6.74%).
{"title":"Experimental investigation of process parameters for conductive graphite abrasive mixed EDM of WC alloy","authors":"Jagdeep Singh, R. Sharma","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007960","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of current experimental investigation is to perform and study the effect of input processing parameters for abrasive mixed electrical discharge machining (PM-EDM) of tungsten carbide alloy. Mainly, four input processing parameters have been studied, i.e., pulse duration, peak current, abrasive concentration and abrasive grain size for the machinability evaluation of material removal rate and tool wear rate. In this study, graphite (C) abrasive is suspended into the dielectric fluid to make the discharging process stable and uniform, which results in improvement of process mechanism and efficiency. However, this study highlights the mathematical modelling to express the inter relationship between input processing and performance characteristics with the help of response surface methodology (RSM). Results from the study shows the positive influence of graphite abrasive used for PM-EDM of WC alloy with reduction in tool wear rate (5.22%) along with the achievement of significant material removal rate (6.74%).","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46701118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-27DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007961
F. Hashimoto, R. Zhou
Functional performance depends largely on the surface characteristics of critical components. This paper describes the design of dimpled engineering surfaces and the fabrication of micro-patterns on steel samples. The designed engineering surfaces are analysed and evaluated in terms of their mixed EHL film thicknesses and pressure distributions in the elliptical Hertzian contact zone.
{"title":"Design of dimpled engineering surfaces for improving lubrication performance in rolling-sliding contacts","authors":"F. Hashimoto, R. Zhou","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10007961","url":null,"abstract":"Functional performance depends largely on the surface characteristics of critical components. This paper describes the design of dimpled engineering surfaces and the fabrication of micro-patterns on steel samples. The designed engineering surfaces are analysed and evaluated in terms of their mixed EHL film thicknesses and pressure distributions in the elliptical Hertzian contact zone.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010191
Yansheng Deng, X. Shi, S. Xiu, Minghe Liu
To study the surface micro-topography in pre-stressed dry grinding process, the single grain cutting simulations were carried out in DEFORM-3D, besides, dry grinding experiments were conducted. The residual stress, groove depth and pile-up height were analysed in the simulations. The surface roughness was measured, and micro-surface topography was observed by SEM in the experiments. The results indicated that the application of pre-stress is beneficial to generate more compressive stress, which is beneficial to restrain the generation of surface micro-cracks. Pre-stress can reduce the pile-up height. When pre-stress is within a lower range, the groove depth decreases with pre-stress increasing, however, once pre-stress overcomes a certain value, surface fold appears and surface roughness increases instead. The influence rules of the cutting depth and feeding speed on surface micro-topography in pre-stressed dry grinding process are consistent with them in the traditional grinding process.
{"title":"Study on the surface micro-topography in pre-stressed dry grinding process","authors":"Yansheng Deng, X. Shi, S. Xiu, Minghe Liu","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010191","url":null,"abstract":"To study the surface micro-topography in pre-stressed dry grinding process, the single grain cutting simulations were carried out in DEFORM-3D, besides, dry grinding experiments were conducted. The residual stress, groove depth and pile-up height were analysed in the simulations. The surface roughness was measured, and micro-surface topography was observed by SEM in the experiments. The results indicated that the application of pre-stress is beneficial to generate more compressive stress, which is beneficial to restrain the generation of surface micro-cracks. Pre-stress can reduce the pile-up height. When pre-stress is within a lower range, the groove depth decreases with pre-stress increasing, however, once pre-stress overcomes a certain value, surface fold appears and surface roughness increases instead. The influence rules of the cutting depth and feeding speed on surface micro-topography in pre-stressed dry grinding process are consistent with them in the traditional grinding process.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66774201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.089287
R. Dražumerič, Jeffrey Badger, P. Krajnik
An investigation is made into the phenomenon of early lift-off in creep-feed grinding, where the wheel lifts away from the workpiece before reaching the end of cut. In single-pass operations, early lift-off can result in thermal damage. In multi-pass operations, there is a surge in material-removal rate just before lift-off, which can result in thermal damage and excess wheel wear. This study examines the current inadequate methods of dealing with lift-off. It then develops a geometric and kinematic model for analysing the lift-off phenomenon. It finally proposes a thermal-model-based optimisation method for achieving a constant maximum surface temperature, resulting in shorter cycle times and less risk of thermal damage. The power-surge model is validated experimentally in diamond grinding of tungsten-carbide rotary tools.
{"title":"Wheel lift-off in creep-feed grinding: thermal damage, power surge, chip thickness and optimisation","authors":"R. Dražumerič, Jeffrey Badger, P. Krajnik","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.089287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.089287","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation is made into the phenomenon of early lift-off in creep-feed grinding, where the wheel lifts away from the workpiece before reaching the end of cut. In single-pass operations, early lift-off can result in thermal damage. In multi-pass operations, there is a surge in material-removal rate just before lift-off, which can result in thermal damage and excess wheel wear. This study examines the current inadequate methods of dealing with lift-off. It then develops a geometric and kinematic model for analysing the lift-off phenomenon. It finally proposes a thermal-model-based optimisation method for achieving a constant maximum surface temperature, resulting in shorter cycle times and less risk of thermal damage. The power-surge model is validated experimentally in diamond grinding of tungsten-carbide rotary tools.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"97-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJAT.2017.089287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66774189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010195
B. Azarhoushang, T. Stehlé, Heike Kitzig-Frank, H. Möhring
PCBN as a cutting tool material is a proper choice for machining difficult-to-cut materials. This is due to its hardness, chemical stability and toughness. The surface quality of PCBN tools, which are commonly ground with diamond wheels, strongly depends on the grinding parameters. The cutting forces, temperature, loading and wear of the grinding wheel influence the quality of the ground PCBN surface. The effects of cutting parameters on the cutting forces, roughness and loading of the grinding wheel during plunge face grinding of PCBN inserts are studied in this work. It was found that increasing the cutting speed from 20 to 40 m/s can decrease the cutting forces and surface roughness up to 20% and 30%, respectively. Additionally, the amount of oversize in roughing and the roughing parameters have a significant influence on the induced cutting forces in the finishing stage and the surface quality of the ground PCBN inserts.
{"title":"Effects of grinding process parameters on the surface topography of PCBN cutting inserts","authors":"B. Azarhoushang, T. Stehlé, Heike Kitzig-Frank, H. Möhring","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010195","url":null,"abstract":"PCBN as a cutting tool material is a proper choice for machining difficult-to-cut materials. This is due to its hardness, chemical stability and toughness. The surface quality of PCBN tools, which are commonly ground with diamond wheels, strongly depends on the grinding parameters. The cutting forces, temperature, loading and wear of the grinding wheel influence the quality of the ground PCBN surface. The effects of cutting parameters on the cutting forces, roughness and loading of the grinding wheel during plunge face grinding of PCBN inserts are studied in this work. It was found that increasing the cutting speed from 20 to 40 m/s can decrease the cutting forces and surface roughness up to 20% and 30%, respectively. Additionally, the amount of oversize in roughing and the roughing parameters have a significant influence on the induced cutting forces in the finishing stage and the surface quality of the ground PCBN inserts.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66774212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010199
K. Thongkaew, Jun Wang
An experimental study using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques is presented to examine the particle flow characteristics inside the high velocity abrasive waterjet (AWJ) and assess the capability of this measurement technique. Although the particle velocity is found to increase with an increase in water pressure, the velocity of particles on the jet centreline decreases while that at the jet edge increases as the jet flows downstream within 40 mm distance from the nozzle exit considered in this study. It is also shown that particles rotate while moving downstream from the nozzle exit. While these particle flow characteristics may be anticipated from theoretical understanding, it confirms that the capability of this technique is not only able to measure the particle velocities, but also observe the particle trajectory in high velocity flows. The measured particle velocity data are then used to assess the applicability of a previously developed particle velocity model for low water pressures. It is found that the model can equally give adequate predictions of particles velocities in AWJ for relatively low water pressures of within 20 MPa.
{"title":"An experimental study of the particle velocities in abrasive waterjets","authors":"K. Thongkaew, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAT.2017.10010199","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) techniques is presented to examine the particle flow characteristics inside the high velocity abrasive waterjet (AWJ) and assess the capability of this measurement technique. Although the particle velocity is found to increase with an increase in water pressure, the velocity of particles on the jet centreline decreases while that at the jet edge increases as the jet flows downstream within 40 mm distance from the nozzle exit considered in this study. It is also shown that particles rotate while moving downstream from the nozzle exit. While these particle flow characteristics may be anticipated from theoretical understanding, it confirms that the capability of this technique is not only able to measure the particle velocities, but also observe the particle trajectory in high velocity flows. The measured particle velocity data are then used to assess the applicability of a previously developed particle velocity model for low water pressures. It is found that the model can equally give adequate predictions of particles velocities in AWJ for relatively low water pressures of within 20 MPa.","PeriodicalId":39039,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Abrasive Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66773772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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