Ma. Lilibeth P. Dasco, Josie Platon-Desnacido, Apple Joy D. Ducay, C. Duante, Marina Vargas
Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been alluded to as a contributorto increasing public health problems – including overweight and obesity, diabetes, and othermetabolic diseases. Republic Act No. 10693 or the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion(TRAIN), passed into law on 19 Dec 2017, has included in its scope the collection of excise taxon SSBs and earmarking of this for the implementation of the Universal Health Care Act. Thestudy determined the trend in the consumption of SSBs among households and population groupsfrom 2013 to 2018–2019. The data were taken from the Food Consumption component of the2013 National Nutrition Survey (NNS), the 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of FilipinoChildren and Other Population Groups, and the 2018–2019 Expanded National Nutrition Survey(ENNS). Data for this study also includes the household’s place of residence and wealth status,as well as individuals grouped by age and physiological status. Results showed the proportion ofhouseholds and individuals consuming SSB and volume intake declined from 2013–2018–2019.Volume intake per day and the percentage of households consuming carbonated beverages,sweetened powdered drinks, and sweetened tea declined in 2018–2019. The richest and richhouseholds had higher SSB volume intake. Sweetened juice drink intake declined across allage and population groups, whereas sweetened tea volume intake declined among adolescentsand adults. The decline in SSB intake may be attributed to the implementation of the TRAINLaw in 2018. Restricting inappropriate advertisement, clear labeling, and strong advocacy andpublic education on the health consequences of consuming SSBs in schools and communitiesshould be done to sustain further decline. Moreover, tax incentives may also be granted tomanufacturers that adhere to proper labeling.
{"title":"Monitoring the Consumption of Sugar-sweetened Beverages: an Input to Republic Act No. 10963 (TRAIN LAW)","authors":"Ma. Lilibeth P. Dasco, Josie Platon-Desnacido, Apple Joy D. Ducay, C. Duante, Marina Vargas","doi":"10.56899/152.05.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.08","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been alluded to as a contributorto increasing public health problems – including overweight and obesity, diabetes, and othermetabolic diseases. Republic Act No. 10693 or the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion(TRAIN), passed into law on 19 Dec 2017, has included in its scope the collection of excise taxon SSBs and earmarking of this for the implementation of the Universal Health Care Act. Thestudy determined the trend in the consumption of SSBs among households and population groupsfrom 2013 to 2018–2019. The data were taken from the Food Consumption component of the2013 National Nutrition Survey (NNS), the 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of FilipinoChildren and Other Population Groups, and the 2018–2019 Expanded National Nutrition Survey(ENNS). Data for this study also includes the household’s place of residence and wealth status,as well as individuals grouped by age and physiological status. Results showed the proportion ofhouseholds and individuals consuming SSB and volume intake declined from 2013–2018–2019.Volume intake per day and the percentage of households consuming carbonated beverages,sweetened powdered drinks, and sweetened tea declined in 2018–2019. The richest and richhouseholds had higher SSB volume intake. Sweetened juice drink intake declined across allage and population groups, whereas sweetened tea volume intake declined among adolescentsand adults. The decline in SSB intake may be attributed to the implementation of the TRAINLaw in 2018. Restricting inappropriate advertisement, clear labeling, and strong advocacy andpublic education on the health consequences of consuming SSBs in schools and communitiesshould be done to sustain further decline. Moreover, tax incentives may also be granted tomanufacturers that adhere to proper labeling.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eva A Goyena, Josie Platon-Desnacido, Dexter Tabud, Apple Joy D. Ducay
Due to the limited studies focusing on micronutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women,and important dietary sources in the Philippines, this study aims to provide an insight into the food and nutrient consumption pattern of pregnant and lactating women. The objectives were to: [1] identify the food groups commonly consumed and dietary patterns of Filipino pregnant and lactating women; [2] describe the macro- and micronutrient intakes of these women; [3]assess the adequacy of these intakes against dietary references; and [4] identify important food sources of their energy and nutrient intakes. This study involved a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the data of 1,474 pregnant women and 4,571 lactating women covered in the 2018–2019 Expanded National Nutrition Surveys (ENNS). Food and beverage intakes were collected using a 24-h food recall method. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated and analyzed in relation to the Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (PDRI). Dishes predominantly consumed by pregnant and lactating women were comprised of rice and rice products, fish and products,and vegetables. Cereal consumption is higher, whereas there was a low consumption of meat,milk and dairy products, eggs, dried beans, nuts, and seeds, starchy roots and tubers, and fruits.The mean energy intakes of pregnant and lactating women were below the recommended energy intake (REI). The majority of pregnant (83.6%) and lactating (81.2%) had intakes below theestimated average requirement (EAR) for protein. Mean intakes of all micronutrients except niacin and phosphorous were below the EAR. Iron, calcium, vitamin C, and riboflavin intakes were furthest from the EAR. Less than 1% of pregnant and lactating women met the EAR for iron, whereas less than 10% met the EAR for vitamin A. Rice and rice products were the most important dietary sources of energy, protein, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and phosphorus in the diet of pregnant and lactating women. The findings of this study reflect the low intakes of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals due to poor dietary quality and food sources, thus increasing the risk of nutrient deficiency among Filipino pregnant and lactating women.
由于针对菲律宾孕妇和哺乳期妇女微量营养素摄入量以及重要膳食来源的研究有限，本研究旨在深入了解孕妇和哺乳期妇女的食物和营养素摄入模式。目标是[1）确定菲律宾孕妇和哺乳期妇女常食用的食物种类和膳食模式；（2）描述这些妇女的宏量和微量营养素摄入量；（3）根据膳食参考值评估这些摄入量是否充足；（4）确定其能量和营养素摄入的重要食物来源。本研究对2018-2019年扩大国民营养调查（ENNS）中涵盖的1474名孕妇和4571名哺乳期妇女的数据进行了横断面二次分析。采用 24 小时食物回忆法收集食物和饮料摄入量。根据菲律宾膳食营养素参考摄入量（PDRI）计算和分析了能量和营养素摄入量。孕妇和哺乳期妇女主要食用的菜肴包括大米和大米制品、鱼和鱼制品以及蔬菜。孕妇和哺乳期妇女的平均能量摄入量低于推荐能量摄入量（REI）。大多数孕妇（83.6%）和哺乳期妇女（81.2%）的蛋白质摄入量低于估计平均需要量（EAR）。除烟酸和磷外，所有微量营养素的平均摄入量都低于 EAR。铁、钙、维生素 C 和核黄素的摄入量与 EAR 的差距最大。在孕妇和哺乳期妇女的膳食中，大米和米制品是能量、蛋白质、铁、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸和磷的最重要膳食来源。这项研究的结果反映出，由于膳食质量和食物来源较差，能量、蛋白质、维生素和矿物质的摄入量较低，从而增加了菲律宾孕妇和哺乳期妇女营养素缺乏的风险。
{"title":"Food and Nutrient Consumption Patterns of Filipino Pregnant and Lactating Women Based on a Nationwide Survey","authors":"Eva A Goyena, Josie Platon-Desnacido, Dexter Tabud, Apple Joy D. Ducay","doi":"10.56899/152.05.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.14","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the limited studies focusing on micronutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women,and important dietary sources in the Philippines, this study aims to provide an insight into the food and nutrient consumption pattern of pregnant and lactating women. The objectives were to: [1] identify the food groups commonly consumed and dietary patterns of Filipino pregnant and lactating women; [2] describe the macro- and micronutrient intakes of these women; [3]assess the adequacy of these intakes against dietary references; and [4] identify important food sources of their energy and nutrient intakes. This study involved a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the data of 1,474 pregnant women and 4,571 lactating women covered in the 2018–2019 Expanded National Nutrition Surveys (ENNS). Food and beverage intakes were collected using a 24-h food recall method. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated and analyzed in relation to the Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes (PDRI). Dishes predominantly consumed by pregnant and lactating women were comprised of rice and rice products, fish and products,and vegetables. Cereal consumption is higher, whereas there was a low consumption of meat,milk and dairy products, eggs, dried beans, nuts, and seeds, starchy roots and tubers, and fruits.The mean energy intakes of pregnant and lactating women were below the recommended energy intake (REI). The majority of pregnant (83.6%) and lactating (81.2%) had intakes below theestimated average requirement (EAR) for protein. Mean intakes of all micronutrients except niacin and phosphorous were below the EAR. Iron, calcium, vitamin C, and riboflavin intakes were furthest from the EAR. Less than 1% of pregnant and lactating women met the EAR for iron, whereas less than 10% met the EAR for vitamin A. Rice and rice products were the most important dietary sources of energy, protein, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and phosphorus in the diet of pregnant and lactating women. The findings of this study reflect the low intakes of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals due to poor dietary quality and food sources, thus increasing the risk of nutrient deficiency among Filipino pregnant and lactating women.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Serafico, Eva A Goyena, Josie Platon-Desnacido, Apple Joy D. Ducay
Snacking can be defined as eating outside the three main meals in a day, regardless of the amount or type of foods consumed. Snacking patterns vary between developing and developed countries, and across nations around the globe. Utilizing data from the Philippine ENNS collected in 2018 and 2019, the authors were able to determine the distribution and frequency of snacking among Filipino children, the type of snack foods consumed, and the contribution of snack foods to their energy and dietary intakes. Results revealed that around 70% of Filipino children consume snacks once a day, usually as afternoon snacks.Moreover, consumption of snack foods decreases as the age of children increases. The snack foods frequently consumed are pastries and cookies, bread, crackers, and biscuits, along with sugar-sweetened beverages – with an average energy intake of 300.0 kcal from snack foods. Snack foods contributed 31.2% of the total daily energy intake for Filipino children aged 3–5 yr old, 25.1% in 6–9 yr old, and 21.6% in 10–12 yr old. The nutrient content of the snack foods ranged from 29.5–46.7 g protein, 295.4–347.8 mcg RE vitamin A, 5.4–7.7 mg iron, and 272.3–381.7 mg calcium. More than half of Filipino children consumed snack foods at least once a day, with a higher proportion of snackers meeting the recommended energy intakes and estimated average requirements than non-snackers. However, the promotion of healthy snack choices such as fruits and vegetables and other nutrient-dense foods needs to be strengthened. Findings support the need to develop guidance on healthy snacking among Filipino children and represent a key target for food and nutrition policies to improve the dietary quality of snacks in this population.
{"title":"Snacking Patterns of Filipino Children: Frequency and Contribution to Energy and Dietary Intakes","authors":"Michael Serafico, Eva A Goyena, Josie Platon-Desnacido, Apple Joy D. Ducay","doi":"10.56899/152.05.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.13","url":null,"abstract":"Snacking can be defined as eating outside the three main meals in a day, regardless of the amount or type of foods consumed. Snacking patterns vary between developing and developed countries, and across nations around the globe. Utilizing data from the Philippine ENNS collected in 2018 and 2019, the authors were able to determine the distribution and frequency of snacking among Filipino children, the type of snack foods consumed, and the contribution of snack foods to their energy and dietary intakes. Results revealed that around 70% of Filipino children consume snacks once a day, usually as afternoon snacks.Moreover, consumption of snack foods decreases as the age of children increases. The snack foods frequently consumed are pastries and cookies, bread, crackers, and biscuits, along with sugar-sweetened beverages – with an average energy intake of 300.0 kcal from snack foods. Snack foods contributed 31.2% of the total daily energy intake for Filipino children aged 3–5 yr old, 25.1% in 6–9 yr old, and 21.6% in 10–12 yr old. The nutrient content of the snack foods ranged from 29.5–46.7 g protein, 295.4–347.8 mcg RE vitamin A, 5.4–7.7 mg iron, and 272.3–381.7 mg calcium. More than half of Filipino children consumed snack foods at least once a day, with a higher proportion of snackers meeting the recommended energy intakes and estimated average requirements than non-snackers. However, the promotion of healthy snack choices such as fruits and vegetables and other nutrient-dense foods needs to be strengthened. Findings support the need to develop guidance on healthy snacking among Filipino children and represent a key target for food and nutrition policies to improve the dietary quality of snacks in this population.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie Damgo, M. Bacus, Jan Danelle Bernido, Sherelyn A. Evangelio, Kim Dianne B. Ligue, Leo Manuel B. Estaña, Von Carlo dela Torre, L. A. Murao, P. Alviola
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) – influenced by socioeconomic, environmental, andecological factors – pose a significant threat to both global economies and public health.Multiple EIDs have emerged in the 21st century, including the current coronavirus disease(COVID-19) pandemic associated with a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV2). Understanding the factors contributing to the emergence of EIDs is crucialfor mitigating its risks and preventing disease outbreaks that could escalate into epidemics andpandemics. Thus, this study developed a scoring index that could estimate the vulnerability ofan area concerning the emergence of novel EIDs using established global predictors – whichinclude socio-economic and demographic factors (population density, housing, and businesspermits), weather variables (humidity, precipitation, and temperature), animal hosts (livestockand domestic animal populations), and wildlife-livestock-human interfaces (wet markets,urban green spaces, and commercial animal farms). Davao City, located in the Southern partof the Philippines, was used as a study site, wherein its barangays represent the smallest unitof geopolitical communities. Barangays vulnerable to EIDs were determined based on theresulting EID index. Clustering of vulnerability index scores across communities was identifiedusing the Global Moran’s I and Getis-Ord General G statistic. The Getis-Ord Gi* and AnselinLocal Moran’s I were then used to identify the hotspot barangays most vulnerable to EIDs. Themost vulnerable areas to EIDs were barangays with larger urban green spaces and a highernumber of commercial animal farms and wet markets in Davao City. These most vulnerablebarangays were also clustered and located in the districts of Toril, Tugbok, and Calinan. Hence,an appropriate basic action plan for these most vulnerable barangays should be provided.Moreover, policies related to wildlife management and urban planning should be revisited,with emphasis on mitigating the risks (i.e. infectious disease surveillance, zoning, animal biosecurity, and sanitation and hygiene) associated with EIDs while giving equal importancetoward maintaining a stable local economy.
新发传染病（EIDs）受社会经济、环境和生态因素的影响，对全球经济和公众健康构成重大威胁。21 世纪出现了多种新发传染病，包括目前与新型严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV2）相关的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行。了解导致 EIDs 出现的因素对于降低其风险和防止疾病爆发（可能升级为流行病和大流行病）至关重要。因此，本研究开发了一种评分指数，利用已确立的全球预测因素来估算一个地区在新型 EIDs 出现方面的脆弱性，这些预测因素包括社会经济和人口因素（人口密度、住房和商业许可）、天气变量（湿度、降水和温度）、动物宿主（牲畜和家畜种群）以及野生动物-牲畜-人类界面（湿市场、城市绿地和商业动物养殖场）。达沃市位于菲律宾南部，是菲律宾最小的地缘政治社区单位。根据得出的 EID 指数确定易受 EID 影响的村落。利用全球莫兰 I 统计法和 Getis-Ord 一般 G 统计法确定了各社区脆弱性指数得分的聚类情况。然后使用 Getis-Ord Gi* 和 AnselinLocal Moran's I 来确定最易受 EID 影响的热点镇。最易受 EIDs 影响的地区是达沃市城市绿地面积较大、商业动物养殖场和湿市场数量较多的乡镇。这些最易受影响的村落也集中在托里尔（Toril）、塔格博克（Tugbok）和卡利南（Calinan）区。因此，应该为这些最脆弱的乡镇提供适当的基本行动计划。此外，还应该重新审视与野生动物管理和城市规划相关的政策，重点是降低与 EIDs 相关的风险（即传染病监测、分区、动物生物安全以及环境卫生和个人卫生），同时同等重视维持稳定的地方经济。
{"title":"Vulnerability Assessment of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Davao City, Southern Philippines: Utilizing Global Predictors to Develop Localized Interventions","authors":"Marie Damgo, M. Bacus, Jan Danelle Bernido, Sherelyn A. Evangelio, Kim Dianne B. Ligue, Leo Manuel B. Estaña, Von Carlo dela Torre, L. A. Murao, P. Alviola","doi":"10.56899/152.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) – influenced by socioeconomic, environmental, andecological factors – pose a significant threat to both global economies and public health.Multiple EIDs have emerged in the 21st century, including the current coronavirus disease(COVID-19) pandemic associated with a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV2). Understanding the factors contributing to the emergence of EIDs is crucialfor mitigating its risks and preventing disease outbreaks that could escalate into epidemics andpandemics. Thus, this study developed a scoring index that could estimate the vulnerability ofan area concerning the emergence of novel EIDs using established global predictors – whichinclude socio-economic and demographic factors (population density, housing, and businesspermits), weather variables (humidity, precipitation, and temperature), animal hosts (livestockand domestic animal populations), and wildlife-livestock-human interfaces (wet markets,urban green spaces, and commercial animal farms). Davao City, located in the Southern partof the Philippines, was used as a study site, wherein its barangays represent the smallest unitof geopolitical communities. Barangays vulnerable to EIDs were determined based on theresulting EID index. Clustering of vulnerability index scores across communities was identifiedusing the Global Moran’s I and Getis-Ord General G statistic. The Getis-Ord Gi* and AnselinLocal Moran’s I were then used to identify the hotspot barangays most vulnerable to EIDs. Themost vulnerable areas to EIDs were barangays with larger urban green spaces and a highernumber of commercial animal farms and wet markets in Davao City. These most vulnerablebarangays were also clustered and located in the districts of Toril, Tugbok, and Calinan. Hence,an appropriate basic action plan for these most vulnerable barangays should be provided.Moreover, policies related to wildlife management and urban planning should be revisited,with emphasis on mitigating the risks (i.e. infectious disease surveillance, zoning, animal biosecurity, and sanitation and hygiene) associated with EIDs while giving equal importancetoward maintaining a stable local economy.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanne Mae Bautista Adelino, Maria Czarina M. Tierra, M. Villafuerte
Tropical cyclone (TC) forecast, provided a few weeks in advance, can be beneficial for the preparation and mitigation of disaster risks in TC-vulnerable countries such as the Philippines. In this study, TC strike probability forecasts with a lead time of up to 4 wk were derived by combining the TC tracks from each ensemble member of the three models – namely, NCEP Coupled Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Ensemble Prediction System (ECMWF), and NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12) – to show how likely it is for a TC to form or strike an area within the 300-km radius of the TC center. To assess its performance, real-time-derived TC strike probability forecasts over the Tropical Cyclone Information Domain (TCID) of the Philippines (bounded by 0–27 °N and 110–155 °E) covering the period from 06 Oct 2020–31 Oct 2022 were evaluated. Verification metrics revealed that the skill and reliability of the TC forecasts vary with lead time and the TC being forecasted. Week 1 forecasts are reliable and can be helpful for decision-making, whereas Week 2 forecasts are considered most reliable only up to the 51–60% probability interval. On the other hand, forecasts with 3–4-wk lead times are reliable for probabilities less than 20%. The case study performed using five TCs with different intensity classifications has shown that generally, forecasts for TCs with stronger intensity have higher skill than forecasts for relatively weaker ones. It was also observed that the magnitude of the probability values varies with the intensity changes within the validity period. These findings suggest that multi-model ensemble forecasts can be utilized for the improvement and eventual operationalization of multi-week TC strike probability forecasts over the Philippines.
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Multi-week Tropical Cyclone Strike Probability Forecasts in the Philippines","authors":"Joanne Mae Bautista Adelino, Maria Czarina M. Tierra, M. Villafuerte","doi":"10.56899/152.s1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.s1.09","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical cyclone (TC) forecast, provided a few weeks in advance, can be beneficial for the preparation and mitigation of disaster risks in TC-vulnerable countries such as the Philippines. In this study, TC strike probability forecasts with a lead time of up to 4 wk were derived by combining the TC tracks from each ensemble member of the three models – namely, NCEP Coupled Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Ensemble Prediction System (ECMWF), and NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12) – to show how likely it is for a TC to form or strike an area within the 300-km radius of the TC center. To assess its performance, real-time-derived TC strike probability forecasts over the Tropical Cyclone Information Domain (TCID) of the Philippines (bounded by 0–27 °N and 110–155 °E) covering the period from 06 Oct 2020–31 Oct 2022 were evaluated. Verification metrics revealed that the skill and reliability of the TC forecasts vary with lead time and the TC being forecasted. Week 1 forecasts are reliable and can be helpful for decision-making, whereas Week 2 forecasts are considered most reliable only up to the 51–60% probability interval. On the other hand, forecasts with 3–4-wk lead times are reliable for probabilities less than 20%. The case study performed using five TCs with different intensity classifications has shown that generally, forecasts for TCs with stronger intensity have higher skill than forecasts for relatively weaker ones. It was also observed that the magnitude of the probability values varies with the intensity changes within the validity period. These findings suggest that multi-model ensemble forecasts can be utilized for the improvement and eventual operationalization of multi-week TC strike probability forecasts over the Philippines.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90536258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to explore the relationship between basic and academic emotions by analyzing their EEG patterns. Using MAHNOB-HCI (MH) and Academic Emotion (AE) datasets, we performed three experiments based on valence and discrete emotion models. Our analysis revealed no similarity between the valence of basic and academic emotion datasets. However, we found that three out of 84 features in the MH discrete emotion dataset had a statistically significant relationship with the AE frustration dataset, suggesting some commonality between basic and academic emotions, particularly in the case of frustration. We also used random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM) models to validate our findings, with the RF model outperforming the others in terms of valence classification accuracy. Our study provides valuable insights into the relationship between basic and academic emotions and may inform future research in this area.
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship between EEG Features of Basic and Academic Emotions","authors":"Tita Herradura, M. Cordel","doi":"10.56899/152.04.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.04.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to explore the relationship between basic and academic emotions by analyzing their EEG patterns. Using MAHNOB-HCI (MH) and Academic Emotion (AE) datasets, we performed three experiments based on valence and discrete emotion models. Our analysis revealed no similarity between the valence of basic and academic emotion datasets. However, we found that three out of 84 features in the MH discrete emotion dataset had a statistically significant relationship with the AE frustration dataset, suggesting some commonality between basic and academic emotions, particularly in the case of frustration. We also used random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and support vector machine (SVM) models to validate our findings, with the RF model outperforming the others in terms of valence classification accuracy. Our study provides valuable insights into the relationship between basic and academic emotions and may inform future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanda Legiasa Rabiul Tsani Rohana, R. Millati, R. Yanti, Aulia Safrina Ardani, Chusnul Hidayat
This study aimed to obtain the best characteristics of a product containing a mixture of high mono- and diacylglycerol (MDAG) from a palm olein and coconut oil blend through glycerolysis- interesterification using a high shear reactor. The most optimum reaction was performed at a relatively low temperature (120 °C), 3% NaOH as a catalyst, a 12% molecular sieve, and an agitating speed of 2000 rpm. The evaluated factors were palm olein: coconut oil ratios (70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70) and oil: glycerol ratios (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7). The results showed that palm olein: coconut oil ratio had a significant effect on melting point (MP), slip melting point (SMP), hardness, and emulsion capacity and stability, but it did not have a significant effect on MDAG concentration (P > 0.05). Besides, modifying a high-shear reactor with a vacuum pump and molecular sieve caused a decrease in water content in the system, subsequently reducing free fatty acid (FFA) significantly (P < 0.05). The reaction condition at palm olein: coconut oil ratio of 50:50 and oil: glycerol ratio of 1:5 produced the highest MDAG concentration (58.28%) with FFA, water content, hardness, SMP, MP, emulsion capacity, and emulsion stability about 6.75%, 7.00%, 3.93 N, 33.23 °C, 35.57 °C, 62.66%, and 61.59%, respectively. Thus, glycerolysis-interesterification of palm olein and coconut oil blend in a high shear reactor is a promising alternative to produce a product containing high MDAG with better characteristics at a relatively low temperature. The product can be used for chocolate spread based on its emulsion capacity, stability, and semi-solid hardness.
{"title":"Synthesis of Mono- and Diacylglycerol Using High Shear Reactor","authors":"Nanda Legiasa Rabiul Tsani Rohana, R. Millati, R. Yanti, Aulia Safrina Ardani, Chusnul Hidayat","doi":"10.56899/152.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to obtain the best characteristics of a product containing a mixture of high mono- and diacylglycerol (MDAG) from a palm olein and coconut oil blend through glycerolysis- interesterification using a high shear reactor. The most optimum reaction was performed at a relatively low temperature (120 °C), 3% NaOH as a catalyst, a 12% molecular sieve, and an agitating speed of 2000 rpm. The evaluated factors were palm olein: coconut oil ratios (70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70) and oil: glycerol ratios (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7). The results showed that palm olein: coconut oil ratio had a significant effect on melting point (MP), slip melting point (SMP), hardness, and emulsion capacity and stability, but it did not have a significant effect on MDAG concentration (P > 0.05). Besides, modifying a high-shear reactor with a vacuum pump and molecular sieve caused a decrease in water content in the system, subsequently reducing free fatty acid (FFA) significantly (P < 0.05). The reaction condition at palm olein: coconut oil ratio of 50:50 and oil: glycerol ratio of 1:5 produced the highest MDAG concentration (58.28%) with FFA, water content, hardness, SMP, MP, emulsion capacity, and emulsion stability about 6.75%, 7.00%, 3.93 N, 33.23 °C, 35.57 °C, 62.66%, and 61.59%, respectively. Thus, glycerolysis-interesterification of palm olein and coconut oil blend in a high shear reactor is a promising alternative to produce a product containing high MDAG with better characteristics at a relatively low temperature. The product can be used for chocolate spread based on its emulsion capacity, stability, and semi-solid hardness.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86841009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strong southwest monsoon episodes in August 2012 and 2013, locally referred to as the “Enhanced Habagat ” 2012 and 2013, respectively, resulted in rainfall that exceeded the monthly mean rainfall of the affected regions along western Luzon, including Metro Manila. The prolonged heavy rainfall events were the result of tropical cyclone enhancement of the monsoon winds. The synoptic environment in the two events was characterized by the deepening of the Asian monsoon trough depicted by the zonally-oriented and eastward-extended 1000 hPa isobar. The deep troughs were caused each year by a combination of tropical cyclones located to the northeast of the Philippines – Typhoon Haikui in 2012 and Severe Tropical Storm Trami in 2013, and remnant tropical cyclones in the northern South China Sea region that formed several days prior to the enhanced Habagat episodes. The monsoon trough induced a low-level westerly jet in the South China Sea toward the western Luzon region that transported a narrow stream of moisture-laden air mass to Metro Manila and surrounding areas. Consequently, heavy precipitation ensued. Analysis showed the remnant lows are as important as the enhancing tropical cyclones Haikui and Trami in inducing the westerly jets. Removal of the enhancing tropical cyclones in numerical model simulations still showed a relatively deep monsoon trough that led to heavy rainfall along western Luzon. In addition, the intrusion of low potential vorticity area to the eastern and northern flanks of the tropical cyclones facilitated the strengthening of the steering ridge that resulted in their westward and slow translational motion, making the events last for several days and exacerbating the impacts. Furthermore, the Madden-Julian Oscillation possibly serves as a precursor to heavy rainfall events. Compounded with a populous megacity, understanding the mechanisms that lead to these extreme hazards is vital to future forecasting and disaster risk management of similar events.
{"title":"Characterization of the 2012 and 2013 Metro Manila “Enhanced Habagat” Heavy Rainfall Events","authors":"G. Bagtasa","doi":"10.56899/152.s1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.s1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The strong southwest monsoon episodes in August 2012 and 2013, locally referred to as the “Enhanced Habagat ” 2012 and 2013, respectively, resulted in rainfall that exceeded the monthly mean rainfall of the affected regions along western Luzon, including Metro Manila. The prolonged heavy rainfall events were the result of tropical cyclone enhancement of the monsoon winds. The synoptic environment in the two events was characterized by the deepening of the Asian monsoon trough depicted by the zonally-oriented and eastward-extended 1000 hPa isobar. The deep troughs were caused each year by a combination of tropical cyclones located to the northeast of the Philippines – Typhoon Haikui in 2012 and Severe Tropical Storm Trami in 2013, and remnant tropical cyclones in the northern South China Sea region that formed several days prior to the enhanced Habagat episodes. The monsoon trough induced a low-level westerly jet in the South China Sea toward the western Luzon region that transported a narrow stream of moisture-laden air mass to Metro Manila and surrounding areas. Consequently, heavy precipitation ensued. Analysis showed the remnant lows are as important as the enhancing tropical cyclones Haikui and Trami in inducing the westerly jets. Removal of the enhancing tropical cyclones in numerical model simulations still showed a relatively deep monsoon trough that led to heavy rainfall along western Luzon. In addition, the intrusion of low potential vorticity area to the eastern and northern flanks of the tropical cyclones facilitated the strengthening of the steering ridge that resulted in their westward and slow translational motion, making the events last for several days and exacerbating the impacts. Furthermore, the Madden-Julian Oscillation possibly serves as a precursor to heavy rainfall events. Compounded with a populous megacity, understanding the mechanisms that lead to these extreme hazards is vital to future forecasting and disaster risk management of similar events.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa May Samora, Justine Ann Kalaw, Christian Lagamayo, Florencia Ledesma, M. B. Maningas
The growing crustacean aquaculture industry in the Philippines is a significant contributor to the seafood production sector. However, several problems hinder the growth and overall market production, the main factor being diseases. Previous studies observed that temperature changes affect shrimp’s physiological and immunological responses to different pathogens and parasites; hence, this meta-analysis examined the correlation of white spot disease (WSD) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) with atmospheric temperature changes. The analysis was conducted using the available data from the Quarterly Aquatic Animal Disease report of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia Pacific, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration. Results indicated that temperatures ranging from 27–28 °C generally cause higher disease occurrences in the Philippines, as it facilitates optimum conditions for the infectivity of the causative agents of both diseases. Statistical analysis also has shown a positive correlation of temperature to the disease occurrence, indicating that temperature monitoring is crucial, especially in the culture of shrimps in a controlled environment. This information will serve as a guide to the fish health and aquaculture industry in mitigating possible disease outbreaks.
{"title":"Correlation of Atmospheric Temperature with the Prevalence of White Spot Disease (WSD) and Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in the Philippines","authors":"Vanessa May Samora, Justine Ann Kalaw, Christian Lagamayo, Florencia Ledesma, M. B. Maningas","doi":"10.56899/152.s1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.s1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The growing crustacean aquaculture industry in the Philippines is a significant contributor to the seafood production sector. However, several problems hinder the growth and overall market production, the main factor being diseases. Previous studies observed that temperature changes affect shrimp’s physiological and immunological responses to different pathogens and parasites; hence, this meta-analysis examined the correlation of white spot disease (WSD) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) with atmospheric temperature changes. The analysis was conducted using the available data from the Quarterly Aquatic Animal Disease report of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia Pacific, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration. Results indicated that temperatures ranging from 27–28 °C generally cause higher disease occurrences in the Philippines, as it facilitates optimum conditions for the infectivity of the causative agents of both diseases. Statistical analysis also has shown a positive correlation of temperature to the disease occurrence, indicating that temperature monitoring is crucial, especially in the culture of shrimps in a controlled environment. This information will serve as a guide to the fish health and aquaculture industry in mitigating possible disease outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87763725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The inherent flammability of timber rises the concern of society about the stability and firmnessof timber materials when exposed to fire. This study illustrated the fire resistance properties oflow-density Neolamarckia cadamba timber to evaluate its charred area (CA), charred depth (CD),mass loss rate (MLR), and charring rate (CR). Three different burning durations – 60, 90, and120 min – were subjected to the timber test pieces following the NIST PS1-09 2010 standard.The CA and CD of the test pieces were measured using ImageJ before the determination ofMLR and CR. N. cadamba showed a statistically significant difference on the top CA (14040.56mm2) at 90 min compared to its side CA (1957.93 mm2). CD remained statistically unchangedfor three burning durations. Top CA increased gradually with burning durations. Side CA andCD, however, were reduced to 1957.93 and 17.84 mm2, respectively, for 90 min, before beingincreased back to 120 min. For CR and MLR, a gradual dropped in trend can be seen in theburning durations. Significant differences were detected when comparing the CR (0.30 mm/min) at 60 min with that in 90 min (0.20 mm/min), whereas the MLR was 2.15 g/m2s at 60 minwith 1.42 g/m2s at 120 min. Generally, top CA, side CA, and CD showed an increased trend inthe area and depth value. whereas CR and MLR showed the opposite.
{"title":"Fire Resistance Properties of Low-density Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Timber","authors":"K. Liew, Wen Shen Ling, Affendy Hassan, R. Salim","doi":"10.56899/152.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56899/152.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent flammability of timber rises the concern of society about the stability and firmnessof timber materials when exposed to fire. This study illustrated the fire resistance properties oflow-density Neolamarckia cadamba timber to evaluate its charred area (CA), charred depth (CD),mass loss rate (MLR), and charring rate (CR). Three different burning durations – 60, 90, and120 min – were subjected to the timber test pieces following the NIST PS1-09 2010 standard.The CA and CD of the test pieces were measured using ImageJ before the determination ofMLR and CR. N. cadamba showed a statistically significant difference on the top CA (14040.56mm2) at 90 min compared to its side CA (1957.93 mm2). CD remained statistically unchangedfor three burning durations. Top CA increased gradually with burning durations. Side CA andCD, however, were reduced to 1957.93 and 17.84 mm2, respectively, for 90 min, before beingincreased back to 120 min. For CR and MLR, a gradual dropped in trend can be seen in theburning durations. Significant differences were detected when comparing the CR (0.30 mm/min) at 60 min with that in 90 min (0.20 mm/min), whereas the MLR was 2.15 g/m2s at 60 minwith 1.42 g/m2s at 120 min. Generally, top CA, side CA, and CD showed an increased trend inthe area and depth value. whereas CR and MLR showed the opposite.","PeriodicalId":39096,"journal":{"name":"Philippine Journal of Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139361646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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