Purpose: Women have always been underestimated and discriminated in social, economic and political spheres of life. Moreover, the traditional household chores create hindrances in their social and economic empowerment. Entrepreneurship development among women largely focuses on the empowerment of women through developing skills in Small to Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and business ventures by taking risk of making investment decisions. Over the years, various efforts have been made by Government and Non-Government Organisations to promote women empowerment in Uganda and one such effort is through the micro-finance intervention. This Paper attempts to explore the impact of micro finance on the women’s entrepreneurial empowerment with specific reference to Women’s Micro-finance Initiative (WMI) in Buyobo in North Eastern Uganda. Materials and Methods: The study adopted an exploratory cross sectional research design. The target population comprised women’s microfinance Initiative Laon beneficiaries. A study Sample of 1,380 Respondents were purposively selected. The main Instrument for data collection was a structured Questionnaire and was complemented by Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The study findings were presented in form of Tables, Graphs, Pie charts and where appropriate and where necessary, quotes or excerpts were used to strengthen the interpretation. Findings: The study findings reveal that the Micro-finance has a positive impact in terms of improvement in Business Operations; Diversification of Businesses; Business Skills Improvement; Improvement in Household livelihoods and living standards. The study findings will act as a basis for policy formulation as it will provide empirical evidence for policy makers to formulate relevant policies geared towards enabling environment for enhancing women Entrepreneurial Empowerment in Uganda. The study will further contribute to the struggle to eliminate gender inequality in Entrepreneurial empowerment. The study will further add value to existing scholarship which the future scholars may use to generate further research in the area of Microfinance and Entrepreneurial Empowerment of Women. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends strengthening and expansion of micro-finance support to resource poor and vulnerable women in other parts of the country through entrepreneurial education and training, provision of access to credit and financial services as well as markets. The study will contribute to critical debates and raise awareness on issues pertaining to Microfinance and Entrepreneurial Empowerment of Women at community level which will help to build initiatives for effective women Entrepreneurial empowerment in Uganda.
{"title":"Microfinance and Entrepreneurial Empowerment of Women: The Case of Women’s Microfinance Initiative in Uganda","authors":"Adebuason Robert","doi":"10.47672/ije.2072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.2072","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Women have always been underestimated and discriminated in social, economic and political spheres of life. Moreover, the traditional household chores create hindrances in their social and economic empowerment. Entrepreneurship development among women largely focuses on the empowerment of women through developing skills in Small to Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and business ventures by taking risk of making investment decisions. Over the years, various efforts have been made by Government and Non-Government Organisations to promote women empowerment in Uganda and one such effort is through the micro-finance intervention. This Paper attempts to explore the impact of micro finance on the women’s entrepreneurial empowerment with specific reference to Women’s Micro-finance Initiative (WMI) in Buyobo in North Eastern Uganda. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study adopted an exploratory cross sectional research design. The target population comprised women’s microfinance Initiative Laon beneficiaries. A study Sample of 1,380 Respondents were purposively selected. The main Instrument for data collection was a structured Questionnaire and was complemented by Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The study findings were presented in form of Tables, Graphs, Pie charts and where appropriate and where necessary, quotes or excerpts were used to strengthen the interpretation. \u0000Findings: The study findings reveal that the Micro-finance has a positive impact in terms of improvement in Business Operations; Diversification of Businesses; Business Skills Improvement; Improvement in Household livelihoods and living standards. The study findings will act as a basis for policy formulation as it will provide empirical evidence for policy makers to formulate relevant policies geared towards enabling environment for enhancing women Entrepreneurial Empowerment in Uganda. The study will further contribute to the struggle to eliminate gender inequality in Entrepreneurial empowerment. The study will further add value to existing scholarship which the future scholars may use to generate further research in the area of Microfinance and Entrepreneurial Empowerment of Women. \u0000Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends strengthening and expansion of micro-finance support to resource poor and vulnerable women in other parts of the country through entrepreneurial education and training, provision of access to credit and financial services as well as markets. The study will contribute to critical debates and raise awareness on issues pertaining to Microfinance and Entrepreneurial Empowerment of Women at community level which will help to build initiatives for effective women Entrepreneurial empowerment in Uganda.","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study examined the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on competitive advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The population for this study was 300 owners/managers of small and medium scale enterprises in Bayelsa State that are registered with the Small and Medium Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). Primary data was collated using structured questionnaire. A sample size of 171 was obtained using the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The inferential statistics absorbed three parametric inferential tests-Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC), One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Simple Regression Analysis. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC) was used test the relationship between the variables, ANOVA was employed to test the differences in means of responses on the variables, while by means of simple regression, the study tested the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on competitive advantage. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. Findings: Findings from the study revealed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly influences competitive advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a significant role in influencing the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study shed light on the importance of individuals' beliefs in their own abilities to effectively engage in entrepreneurial activities and how these beliefs impact the competitive positioning of their businesses. Recommendation: Therefore, the study recommends that there is need to encourage and support aspiring and existing SME owners to develop and enhance their entrepreneurial self-confidence. This can be achieved through entrepreneurship education and training programs, mentorship initiatives, and networking opportunities that focus on building self-belief, risk-taking abilities, and resilience.
目的:本研究考察尼日利亚巴耶尔萨州中小企业创业自我效能感对竞争优势的影响。方法:本研究采用横断面调查研究设计。本研究的对象是在尼日利亚中小发展署(SMEDAN)注册的巴耶尔萨州中小企业的300名业主/经理。主要资料采用结构化问卷进行整理。采用Yamane太郎样本量确定公式得到171个样本量。使用Cronbach Alpha系数，所有项目得分均在0.70以上，从而获得仪器的信度。推论统计吸收了三种参数推论检验-皮尔逊积矩系数(PPMC)、单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和简单回归分析。本研究采用Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC)检验各变量之间的关系，采用方差分析(ANOVA)检验各变量的回答方法差异，采用简单回归检验创业自我效能感对竞争优势的影响。检验的显著性水平为0.05。研究发现:尼日利亚巴耶尔萨州中小企业的创业自我效能感显著影响其竞争优势。综上所述，本研究的结果表明，创业自我效能感对尼日利亚巴耶尔萨州中小企业的竞争优势有显著影响。这项研究揭示了个人信念对他们有效参与创业活动的能力的重要性，以及这些信念如何影响他们企业的竞争定位。建议:因此，研究建议有必要鼓励和支持有抱负和现有的中小企业主发展和增强他们的创业自信。这可以通过创业教育和培训项目、指导计划和网络机会来实现，重点是建立自信、冒险能力和适应能力。
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Competitive Advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"G. Poi","doi":"10.47672/ije.1519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1519","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on competitive advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The population for this study was 300 owners/managers of small and medium scale enterprises in Bayelsa State that are registered with the Small and Medium Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). Primary data was collated using structured questionnaire. A sample size of 171 was obtained using the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The inferential statistics absorbed three parametric inferential tests-Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC), One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Simple Regression Analysis. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC) was used test the relationship between the variables, ANOVA was employed to test the differences in means of responses on the variables, while by means of simple regression, the study tested the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on competitive advantage. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. \u0000Findings: Findings from the study revealed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly influences competitive advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a significant role in influencing the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study shed light on the importance of individuals' beliefs in their own abilities to effectively engage in entrepreneurial activities and how these beliefs impact the competitive positioning of their businesses. \u0000Recommendation: Therefore, the study recommends that there is need to encourage and support aspiring and existing SME owners to develop and enhance their entrepreneurial self-confidence. This can be achieved through entrepreneurship education and training programs, mentorship initiatives, and networking opportunities that focus on building self-belief, risk-taking abilities, and resilience. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42675991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The fast-moving consumer goods firms plays a vital role in the microeconomic and macroeconomic sectored of every economy. However, these organisations are accused of polluting the environment and engaging in practices that are not sustainable. The firms have performed below expectations attributable to non-compliance with green supply management such as green procurement, green distribution, green warehousing, materials management and reverse logistics. This study therefore investigated the effect of green supply chain management on the performance of fast-moving consumer goods in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 418 middle and top-level management staff from selected quoted fast-moving consumer goods firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted the total enumeration method. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.700 to 0.892. The response rate was 100%. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Multiple regression analysis). Findings: Findings revealed that green supply chain management had positive and significant effect on the performance of selected fast-moving consumer goods companies in Lagos State, Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.482, F (5, 407) = 77.600, p < 0.05). The study concluded that green supply chain management practices enhanced organisational performance of selected fast-moving consumer goods companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. Recommendations: The study therefore recommended that management of fast-moving consumer goods firms in Nigeria should prioritise the implementation of green procurement, green warehousing, material management, and reverse logistics practices to enhance their overall performance. Also, the management of consumer goods firms in Lagos State should concentrate on optimising their material management processes, such as inventory control, demand forecasting, and supplier collaboration.
目的:快速消费品公司在每个经济体的微观经济和宏观经济部门起着至关重要的作用。然而，这些组织被指责污染环境，从事不可持续的实践。由于不遵守绿色供应管理，如绿色采购、绿色配送、绿色仓储、材料管理和逆向物流，这些公司的表现低于预期。因此，本研究调查了绿色供应链管理对尼日利亚拉各斯州快速消费品绩效的影响。方法:本研究采用调查研究设计。研究对象为418名中高层管理人员，他们来自尼日利亚拉各斯州的快速消费品公司。本研究采用总枚举法。采用有效可靠的问卷收集数据，Cronbach 's alpha系数为0.700 ~ 0.892。应答率为100%。数据分析采用描述性和推断性统计(多元回归分析)。研究结果显示，绿色供应链管理对尼日利亚拉各斯州选定的快速消费品公司的绩效有显著的正向影响(R2 = 0.482, F (5,407) = 77.600, p < 0.05)。该研究得出结论，绿色供应链管理实践提高了尼日利亚拉各斯州选定的快速消费品公司的组织绩效。建议:因此，该研究建议尼日利亚快速消费品公司的管理应优先实施绿色采购、绿色仓储、材料管理和逆向物流实践，以提高其整体绩效。此外，拉各斯州消费品公司的管理应该集中精力优化他们的材料管理过程，如库存控制、需求预测和供应商合作。
{"title":"Green Supply Chain Management and Organizational Performance of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Firms in Lagos Nigeria","authors":"O. O. Soyege, G. Makinde, B. Akinlabi","doi":"10.47672/ije.1517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1517","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The fast-moving consumer goods firms plays a vital role in the microeconomic and macroeconomic sectored of every economy. However, these organisations are accused of polluting the environment and engaging in practices that are not sustainable. The firms have performed below expectations attributable to non-compliance with green supply management such as green procurement, green distribution, green warehousing, materials management and reverse logistics. This study therefore investigated the effect of green supply chain management on the performance of fast-moving consumer goods in Lagos State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 418 middle and top-level management staff from selected quoted fast-moving consumer goods firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted the total enumeration method. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.700 to 0.892. The response rate was 100%. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Multiple regression analysis). \u0000Findings: Findings revealed that green supply chain management had positive and significant effect on the performance of selected fast-moving consumer goods companies in Lagos State, Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.482, F (5, 407) = 77.600, p < 0.05). The study concluded that green supply chain management practices enhanced organisational performance of selected fast-moving consumer goods companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. \u0000Recommendations: The study therefore recommended that management of fast-moving consumer goods firms in Nigeria should prioritise the implementation of green procurement, green warehousing, material management, and reverse logistics practices to enhance their overall performance. Also, the management of consumer goods firms in Lagos State should concentrate on optimising their material management processes, such as inventory control, demand forecasting, and supplier collaboration. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study examined the relationship between microcredit and sustainable school improvement in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study adopted the cross-sectional research survey design. Primary data was generated through structured questionnaire. Therefore, the population of the study is 918 schools. A sample Size of 279 Proprietors, Administrators and Principals was determined using the Taro Yeman’s Sample Size Formula.The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level.
Findings: The findings of the study indicate a positive and significant relationship between microcredit and sustainable school improvement in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. The study concludes that the availability of microcredit facilities has played a vital role in promoting the sustainability of schools in the region.
Recommendations: Therefore, the study recommends that Government agencies, financial institutions, and non-governmental organizations should collaborate to expand access to microcredit facilities specifically tailored for educational institutions. This will enable more schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis to benefit from the positive effects of microcredit on sustainability.
{"title":"Microcredit and Sustainable School Improvement in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Olarewaju Olatokunbo","doi":"10.47672/ije.1518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1518","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the relationship between microcredit and sustainable school improvement in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria.
 Methodology: The study adopted the cross-sectional research survey design. Primary data was generated through structured questionnaire. Therefore, the population of the study is 918 schools. A sample Size of 279 Proprietors, Administrators and Principals was determined using the Taro Yeman’s Sample Size Formula.The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level.
 Findings: The findings of the study indicate a positive and significant relationship between microcredit and sustainable school improvement in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. The study concludes that the availability of microcredit facilities has played a vital role in promoting the sustainability of schools in the region.
 Recommendations: Therefore, the study recommends that Government agencies, financial institutions, and non-governmental organizations should collaborate to expand access to microcredit facilities specifically tailored for educational institutions. This will enable more schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis to benefit from the positive effects of microcredit on sustainability.
","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Over the past decade, the need for improved teaching and learning approaches that enhance entrepreneurial competencies has been a critical agenda in Tanzania. Despite its importance, the process of realizing entrepreneurial competencies through education, suffers from various shortcomings especially in relation to teaching and learning approaches. This paper assesses the effects of teaching and learning approaches on graduates’ entrepreneurial competencies for self-employment in Tanzania. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional case study research design with the aid of snowball sampling. A sample of 202 respondents was picked from selected universities of Sokoine and St. Augustine of Tanzania. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which included a Likert scale, key informant interviews and documentary reviews. While content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze quantitative data. Findings: The results showed that a theoretical active participation approach (with the mean 3.8614) was used to develop capacity that empowered graduates with entrepreneurial competencies indicating a shift from rote learning that previous studies established. Most of the practical teaching and learning approaches ascribing to entrepreneurial framework were, however, not applied to yield greater effect on graduates’ self-employment. Based on the results, the paper concludes that universities used only fragments of a student-centered approach as opposed to incorporating the holistic approach recommended for educating for entrepreneurship. Recommendations: The paper recommends that university instructors should apply holistic teaching and learning approaches that would increase graduates’ confidence and commitment to seek self-employment in Tanzania.
{"title":"Effect of Teaching and Learning Approaches on Graduates’ Entrepreneurial Competency for Self-Employment in Tanzania","authors":"I. J. Chengula, K. Bengesi, S. Komba, Z. Mvena","doi":"10.47672/ije.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1230","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Over the past decade, the need for improved teaching and learning approaches that enhance entrepreneurial competencies has been a critical agenda in Tanzania. Despite its importance, the process of realizing entrepreneurial competencies through education, suffers from various shortcomings especially in relation to teaching and learning approaches. This paper assesses the effects of teaching and learning approaches on graduates’ entrepreneurial competencies for self-employment in Tanzania. \u0000Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional case study research design with the aid of snowball sampling. A sample of 202 respondents was picked from selected universities of Sokoine and St. Augustine of Tanzania. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which included a Likert scale, key informant interviews and documentary reviews. While content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze quantitative data. \u0000Findings: The results showed that a theoretical active participation approach (with the mean 3.8614) was used to develop capacity that empowered graduates with entrepreneurial competencies indicating a shift from rote learning that previous studies established. Most of the practical teaching and learning approaches ascribing to entrepreneurial framework were, however, not applied to yield greater effect on graduates’ self-employment. Based on the results, the paper concludes that universities used only fragments of a student-centered approach as opposed to incorporating the holistic approach recommended for educating for entrepreneurship. \u0000Recommendations: The paper recommends that university instructors should apply holistic teaching and learning approaches that would increase graduates’ confidence and commitment to seek self-employment in Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42443539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and medication therapy management services delivery of community pharmacies in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methodology: Correlational research design was adopted for the study using the survey method. All community pharmacies in Rivers State registered with the Pharmacists Council of Nigerian (PCN) constituted the population of the study and the study had a population of 462 from which a sample size of 214 community pharmacies was determined. The sampling unit of the study were superintendent pharmacists of the community pharmacies. Primary data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire whose reliability tested on the Cronbach Alpha scale using SPSS version 24.0 was 0.810. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The findings of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between risk taking propensity and medication therapy management services delivery of community pharmacies in Rivers State, Nigeria with R value of 0.915 at p<0.05. The correlation between proactiveness and the delivery of medication therapy management was positive and significant with R value of 0.894 at p-value <0.05 while the correlation between innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness and medication therapy management services delivery was also positive and significant with R values of 0.899 and 0.916 respectively at p-values <0.05. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the study thus concluded that entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking propensity, pro-activeness, innovativeness, and competitive aggressiveness) can be considered a potent factor in the sustained delivery of medication therapy management services of community pharmacies. Recommendation: The study recommended amongst others that Community pharmacies/pharmacists in Rivers State should improve in their innovativeness by delivering quality cognitive services.
{"title":"ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT SERVICES DELIVERY OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA.","authors":"M. B. Alagala, B. M. Bagbi, A. Mgbahurike","doi":"10.47672/ije.947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.947","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and medication therapy management services delivery of community pharmacies in Rivers State, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: Correlational research design was adopted for the study using the survey method. All community pharmacies in Rivers State registered with the Pharmacists Council of Nigerian (PCN) constituted the population of the study and the study had a population of 462 from which a sample size of 214 community pharmacies was determined. The sampling unit of the study were superintendent pharmacists of the community pharmacies. Primary data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire whose reliability tested on the Cronbach Alpha scale using SPSS version 24.0 was 0.810. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. \u0000Results: The findings of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between risk taking propensity and medication therapy management services delivery of community pharmacies in Rivers State, Nigeria with R value of 0.915 at p<0.05. The correlation between proactiveness and the delivery of medication therapy management was positive and significant with R value of 0.894 at p-value <0.05 while the correlation between innovativeness and competitive aggressiveness and medication therapy management services delivery was also positive and significant with R values of 0.899 and 0.916 respectively at p-values <0.05. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the research findings, the study thus concluded that entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking propensity, pro-activeness, innovativeness, and competitive aggressiveness) can be considered a potent factor in the sustained delivery of medication therapy management services of community pharmacies. \u0000Recommendation: The study recommended amongst others that Community pharmacies/pharmacists in Rivers State should improve in their innovativeness by delivering quality cognitive services.","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49031772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The competitive landscape in many industries today is marked by intense competition among existing players and the emergence of many focused competitors targeting specific segments of the market. In addition, the macro environment is characterized by rapid technological progress in many fields resulting in current solutions to customer problems becoming obsolete. These changes have highlighted the need for companies to become more entrepreneurial. Institutionalizing entrepreneurship, therefore, is a major challenge for the companies in the current competitive scenario. This study examined the dynamics of corporate entrepreneurship. From the review of extant literature, it was indicated that there was improved firm performance which was linked to corporate entrepreneurship. For companies that initiated actions to which competitors responded to, the firms had a tendency to be ahead of other competitors in introducing novel ideas or products and the companies strived in identifying new markets to sell products. Also, risk taking, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness and organizational factors were key determinants of firm performance. It is recommended that empirical studies should be carried out using various criterion variables within different industrial sectors in Nigeria so as to test the validity of the concepts reviewed in this paper.
{"title":"Dynamics of Corporate Entrepreneurial Initiatives: A Literature Review","authors":"C. Adim, G. Poi","doi":"10.47672/ije.888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.888","url":null,"abstract":"The competitive landscape in many industries today is marked by intense competition among existing players and the emergence of many focused competitors targeting specific segments of the market. In addition, the macro environment is characterized by rapid technological progress in many fields resulting in current solutions to customer problems becoming obsolete. These changes have highlighted the need for companies to become more entrepreneurial. Institutionalizing entrepreneurship, therefore, is a major challenge for the companies in the current competitive scenario. This study examined the dynamics of corporate entrepreneurship. From the review of extant literature, it was indicated that there was improved firm performance which was linked to corporate entrepreneurship. For companies that initiated actions to which competitors responded to, the firms had a tendency to be ahead of other competitors in introducing novel ideas or products and the companies strived in identifying new markets to sell products. Also, risk taking, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness and organizational factors were key determinants of firm performance. It is recommended that empirical studies should be carried out using various criterion variables within different industrial sectors in Nigeria so as to test the validity of the concepts reviewed in this paper. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46889110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of post-implementation community participation on sustainability of borehole water projects in Mbeere South sub county, Embu County. Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional research design. The target population comprised of 770 executive borehole management committee members, 16,800 household borehole water users in Mbeere South Sub County, five project managers from non-state agencies involved in rural water provision and management and two government water officers. The study used utilized a sample size of 657. Krejcie and Morgan table was used to select 260 executive borehole committee members while Yamane formula was employed to sample 390 household borehole water users who were selected from the five wards in Mbeere south sub county by use of proportionate random sampling method. Census sampling was applied to select two government water officers and five project officers from non-state agencies. The study used questionnaires and interview guides to gather primary data from the respondents. The questionnaires were piloted with 70 randomly picked respondents drawn from the target population to ascertain their reliability in gathering relevant data while content validity was achieved through review by experts and professionals in the field of study. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Findings: Pearson Chi-Square analysis revealed that monitoring cases of vandalism and poor hand pump handling, monitoring hand pump defects and breakdowns, supervision of community-led maintenance and repair were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P- values of 0.000, 0.000, 0.020 respectively. The study also established that community caretakers technical training, availability of hand pump spare parts and technician entrepreneurs in village markets were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P-value of 0.000. In regard to financial transparency and accountability, beneficiaries’ willingness to pay for water, availability of enough funds to cover maintenance and management costs, community demand for water, application of book keeping skills in borehole projects management and keeping of financial records of household payments were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P-value of 0.000, 0.006, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively. Further, 78.9% of the household water users indicated that there were no mechanisms for auditing the records prepared by the borehole management committees and regarding their involvement in financial decision making only 26.2% affirmed participation in financial decision-making process. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that community beneficiaries should be sufficiently mobilized and prepared to facilitate effective community management of rural borehole water projects during the post-implementation period as postulated by the Comm
目的:本研究旨在确定恩布县Mbeere南副县实施后社区参与对钻孔水项目可持续性的影响。方法:本研究采用横断面研究设计。目标人口包括770名执行井眼管理委员会成员、Mbeere South Sub县16,800名家庭井眼用水用户、来自参与农村供水和管理的非国家机构的5名项目管理人员和两名政府水务官员。该研究使用了657个样本量。采用Krejcie和Morgan表对260名执行井务委员会成员进行抽样，采用Yamane公式对Mbeere南副县5个区390名家庭井水用户进行抽样，采用比例随机抽样法。采用人口普查抽样从非国家机构选出两名政府供水官员和五名项目官员。该研究使用问卷调查和访谈指南来收集受访者的原始数据。问卷从目标人群中随机抽取70名受访者进行试点，以确定其收集相关数据的可靠性，而内容效度则通过研究领域的专家和专业人士的审查来实现。数据分析采用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)进行描述性统计。结果:皮尔逊卡方分析显示，监测故意破坏和手泵操作不当、监测手泵缺陷和故障、监督社区主导的维护和维修在5%的精度水平上具有统计学意义，P值分别为0.000、0.000、0.020。研究还发现，社区看管人的技术培训、手泵备件的可获得性和村市场的技术企业家在5%的精度水平上具有统计学意义，p值为0.000。在财务透明度和问责性方面，受益人支付水费的意愿、是否有足够的资金支付维护和管理费用、社区对水的需求、在钻孔项目管理中记账技能的应用以及家庭支付财务记录的保存在5%的精度水平上具有统计学意义，p值分别为0.000、0.006、0.000、0.000、0.000。此外，78.9%的家庭用水者表示，没有机制对井管委员会编制的记录进行审计，关于他们参与财务决策的问题，只有26.2%的人肯定参与了财务决策过程。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:该研究建议，应充分动员社区受益人并做好准备，以便按照社区联合行动和公民参与理论的假设，在实施后阶段促进农村钻孔水项目的有效社区管理。此外，井眼管理委员会应得到外部利益相关者的支持，以提高其技术和财务管理技能，以便通过便利和村一级的运营和维护以及有效的问责制和透明度机制，确保农村社区管理的井眼项目的技术和财务可持续性。
{"title":"EFFECTS OF POST-IMPLEMENTATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ON SUSTAINABILITY OF BOREHOLE WATER PROJECTS IN EMBU COUNTY, KENYA","authors":"Erick Bwoma Omanwa, S. Muchai","doi":"10.47604/ijepm.1188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijepm.1188","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of post-implementation community participation on sustainability of borehole water projects in Mbeere South sub county, Embu County. \u0000Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional research design. The target population comprised of 770 executive borehole management committee members, 16,800 household borehole water users in Mbeere South Sub County, five project managers from non-state agencies involved in rural water provision and management and two government water officers. The study used utilized a sample size of 657. Krejcie and Morgan table was used to select 260 executive borehole committee members while Yamane formula was employed to sample 390 household borehole water users who were selected from the five wards in Mbeere south sub county by use of proportionate random sampling method. Census sampling was applied to select two government water officers and five project officers from non-state agencies. The study used questionnaires and interview guides to gather primary data from the respondents. The questionnaires were piloted with 70 randomly picked respondents drawn from the target population to ascertain their reliability in gathering relevant data while content validity was achieved through review by experts and professionals in the field of study. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) \u0000Findings: Pearson Chi-Square analysis revealed that monitoring cases of vandalism and poor hand pump handling, monitoring hand pump defects and breakdowns, supervision of community-led maintenance and repair were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P- values of 0.000, 0.000, 0.020 respectively. The study also established that community caretakers technical training, availability of hand pump spare parts and technician entrepreneurs in village markets were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P-value of 0.000. In regard to financial transparency and accountability, beneficiaries’ willingness to pay for water, availability of enough funds to cover maintenance and management costs, community demand for water, application of book keeping skills in borehole projects management and keeping of financial records of household payments were statistically significant at 5% precision level with P-value of 0.000, 0.006, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 respectively. Further, 78.9% of the household water users indicated that there were no mechanisms for auditing the records prepared by the borehole management committees and regarding their involvement in financial decision making only 26.2% affirmed participation in financial decision-making process. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that community beneficiaries should be sufficiently mobilized and prepared to facilitate effective community management of rural borehole water projects during the post-implementation period as postulated by the Comm","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"5 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47974873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the role of total quality management on the performance of fair trade premium projects with particular reference to Flamingo Horticulture Limited (herein referred to as the company or organization). Methodology: The target population for this research comprised of the employees, the management and the fair trade premium committee of the Flamingo Horticulture Limited. The study employed descriptive research design. A census sampling was carried out and the sample size was 46. Survey method was used to solicit the information. The researcher used a questionnaire to collect primary data which was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques then presented in tables. Data collected will be both quantitative and qualitative. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was enhanced by carrying out a pilot study prior to data collection. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics by aid of Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The results were presented in form of Tables. Results: The studies found that quality management planning, customer focus and application of Quality Management planning approaches such as auditing, continuous improvement, monitoring & evaluation have positive effect on performance of fairtrade premium projects. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive and significant correlations between performance of Fairtrade premium projects in Kenya and all independent variables (quality management planning, r=0.537, p<0.05; customer focus, r=0.542, p<0.05; leadership qualities, r=0.476, p<0.05 and, QMS approaches, r=0.452, p<0.05). Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Fairtrade organizations should integrate quality management planning in their overall planning process to ensure identification of risks, to ensure that errors are eliminated throughout the operational process and products and services are produced at an optimal quality that can satisfy all stakeholders. Adoption of quality management will enable the leaders to use their personal values, ethics, and commitment to the organization’s vision and mission, passionate to energize and create a synergy in teams; heading towards accomplishment of organizational goals. With high level of quality improvement quality management practices and leadership will be higher since leadership qualities are associated with successful quality improvement.
{"title":"ROLE OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF FAIRTRADE PREMIUM PROJECTS IN KENYA","authors":"Ruth Muthoni Njung’e, A. Kagiri","doi":"10.47604/IJEPM.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/IJEPM.1146","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the role of total quality management on the performance of fair trade premium projects with particular reference to Flamingo Horticulture Limited (herein referred to as the company or organization). Methodology: The target population for this research comprised of the employees, the management and the fair trade premium committee of the Flamingo Horticulture Limited. The study employed descriptive research design. A census sampling was carried out and the sample size was 46. Survey method was used to solicit the information. The researcher used a questionnaire to collect primary data which was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques then presented in tables. Data collected will be both quantitative and qualitative. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was enhanced by carrying out a pilot study prior to data collection. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics by aid of Statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). The results were presented in form of Tables. Results: The studies found that quality management planning, customer focus and application of Quality Management planning approaches such as auditing, continuous improvement, monitoring & evaluation have positive effect on performance of fairtrade premium projects. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive and significant correlations between performance of Fairtrade premium projects in Kenya and all independent variables (quality management planning, r=0.537, p<0.05; customer focus, r=0.542, p<0.05; leadership qualities, r=0.476, p<0.05 and, QMS approaches, r=0.452, p<0.05). Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Fairtrade organizations should integrate quality management planning in their overall planning process to ensure identification of risks, to ensure that errors are eliminated throughout the operational process and products and services are produced at an optimal quality that can satisfy all stakeholders. Adoption of quality management will enable the leaders to use their personal values, ethics, and commitment to the organization’s vision and mission, passionate to energize and create a synergy in teams; heading towards accomplishment of organizational goals. With high level of quality improvement quality management practices and leadership will be higher since leadership qualities are associated with successful quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"5 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48631316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate multi-perspective success factors of a group of second generation Chinese entrepreneurs in Hong Kong. Results show that the common success factors differ slightly from those of last-generation entrepreneurs and international entrepreneurs. This study also suggests that a new level of success factors Spiritual Value and Fate including luck, religion, life philosophy (Mission Value) and ultimate life value (Image Value) of the 32 interviewees is different at different stages. INTRODUCTION Many people want to become rich and successful by starting their own businesses as entrepreneurs. Hong Kong is famous for its wealth. Its average per capita wealth in 2003 was US$28,700, the highest level in Asia. Friedman (1980) called Hong Kong the world best example of a capitalist city. It is a place where East meets West, and where capitalist ideology goes hand in hand with traditional Chinese beliefs. Hong Kong success is partly due to the efforts of entrepreneurs from China who fled to the territory after 1949 to escape the Civil War in China. These entrepreneurs led Hong Kong rapid economic development in the 1960s and 1970s. At present small and medium enterprises account for 98 percent of all local enterprises. It is no exaggeration to say that entrepreneurs are among Hong Kong most important assets. In Hong Kong, many young Chinese entrepreneurs have become a special power group with their own culture and common values, which are likely to be different from that of the traditional and global entrepreneurs. Do these values differ from those identified in previous studies? There is an obvious interest in exploring the factors that have influenced their entrepreneurial success. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THIS PAPER Interestingly, few studies have focused specifically on Chinese entrepreneurs, despite their importance. One of the most distinctive studies was done by Redding (1990). His book The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism was the first study of Chinese family business in the Asia-Pacific region, and sampled mostly representatives of the first generation of overseas Chinese. Another important study is Wong book on Shanghainese entrepreneurs, Emigrant Entrepreneurs (1988). Individuals value different things at different stages of their lives. The values held by entrepreneurs during the initial stage in which they struggle to build a business are probably different from those held after they become established and successful. Changing values may conceivably affect the operational direction of an entrepreneur company, and it is therefore interesting to see if these values do change over time and, if so, how they influence entrepreneurs success. By studying these topics, we should be able to identify a new set of success factors relevant to Hong Kong entrepreneurs. Furthermore, a study of how values change over time will provide a new perspective on entrepreneurial success factors and their relationship with values. RES
{"title":"An Investigation of the Success Factors of Young Chinese Entrepreneurs in Hong Kong","authors":"C. Cheung, S. Chow","doi":"10.5353/TH_B3124410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5353/TH_B3124410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate multi-perspective success factors of a group of second generation Chinese entrepreneurs in Hong Kong. Results show that the common success factors differ slightly from those of last-generation entrepreneurs and international entrepreneurs. This study also suggests that a new level of success factors Spiritual Value and Fate including luck, religion, life philosophy (Mission Value) and ultimate life value (Image Value) of the 32 interviewees is different at different stages. INTRODUCTION Many people want to become rich and successful by starting their own businesses as entrepreneurs. Hong Kong is famous for its wealth. Its average per capita wealth in 2003 was US$28,700, the highest level in Asia. Friedman (1980) called Hong Kong the world best example of a capitalist city. It is a place where East meets West, and where capitalist ideology goes hand in hand with traditional Chinese beliefs. Hong Kong success is partly due to the efforts of entrepreneurs from China who fled to the territory after 1949 to escape the Civil War in China. These entrepreneurs led Hong Kong rapid economic development in the 1960s and 1970s. At present small and medium enterprises account for 98 percent of all local enterprises. It is no exaggeration to say that entrepreneurs are among Hong Kong most important assets. In Hong Kong, many young Chinese entrepreneurs have become a special power group with their own culture and common values, which are likely to be different from that of the traditional and global entrepreneurs. Do these values differ from those identified in previous studies? There is an obvious interest in exploring the factors that have influenced their entrepreneurial success. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THIS PAPER Interestingly, few studies have focused specifically on Chinese entrepreneurs, despite their importance. One of the most distinctive studies was done by Redding (1990). His book The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism was the first study of Chinese family business in the Asia-Pacific region, and sampled mostly representatives of the first generation of overseas Chinese. Another important study is Wong book on Shanghainese entrepreneurs, Emigrant Entrepreneurs (1988). Individuals value different things at different stages of their lives. The values held by entrepreneurs during the initial stage in which they struggle to build a business are probably different from those held after they become established and successful. Changing values may conceivably affect the operational direction of an entrepreneur company, and it is therefore interesting to see if these values do change over time and, if so, how they influence entrepreneurs success. By studying these topics, we should be able to identify a new set of success factors relevant to Hong Kong entrepreneurs. Furthermore, a study of how values change over time will provide a new perspective on entrepreneurial success factors and their relationship with values. RES","PeriodicalId":39119,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship","volume":"10 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71088880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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