The Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) has been recently approved as CAT II performance (GBAS Approach Type D (GAST-D)) for the precision approach operations, and by using the GPS signals only. But the requirements of CAT III performance (GAST-F) are tended to be approved using dual Constellation by adding the European Galileo system. In this research, the availability of CAT III was assessed using Galileo system. A simulation tool was used to estimate which level of integrity and accuracy is needed for CAT II and CAT III performances, considering the new innovated Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation and the increased power of +6 dB in Galileo signals. The results showed a promising performance of Galileo over Europe space.
{"title":"Assessing Availability of GNSS-GBAS Landing Systems in GAST-D/F Performance","authors":"Ahmad Alhosban","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01540","url":null,"abstract":"The Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) has been recently approved as CAT II performance (GBAS Approach Type D (GAST-D)) for the precision approach operations, and by using the GPS signals only. But the requirements of CAT III performance (GAST-F) are tended to be approved using dual Constellation by adding the European Galileo system. In this research, the availability of CAT III was assessed using Galileo system. A simulation tool was used to estimate which level of integrity and accuracy is needed for CAT II and CAT III performances, considering the new innovated Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation and the increased power of +6 dB in Galileo signals. The results showed a promising performance of Galileo over Europe space.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45602001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Mirnenko, S. Novichenko, O. Doska, P. Open’ko, O. Avramenko, V. Kurban
The article considers a methodical approach to assessing the level of threat to the civilian population in the case of the use of small arms for shooting at unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This approach is based on modeling the process of bullet flight in the vertical plane, based on the algorithm for determining the probability of accidental human impact, which allows, depending on the kinetic energy of the bullet, to calculate the probability of accidental death and probability of accidental injury. Based on the simulation, the indicators of the probability of human injuries depend on the angles of the shot, which allows to justify the restrictions when firing UAVs from small arms.
{"title":"Methodology for Assessing the Level of Threats when Using Small Arms against Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","authors":"V. Mirnenko, S. Novichenko, O. Doska, P. Open’ko, O. Avramenko, V. Kurban","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01486","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers a methodical approach to assessing the level of threat to the civilian population in the case of the use of small arms for shooting at unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This approach is based on modeling the process of bullet flight in the vertical plane, based on the algorithm for determining the probability of accidental human impact, which allows, depending on the kinetic energy of the bullet, to calculate the probability of accidental death and probability of accidental injury. Based on the simulation, the indicators of the probability of human injuries depend on the angles of the shot, which allows to justify the restrictions when firing UAVs from small arms.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When a surface ship utilizes a hull-mounted sonar (HMS) to search for a target located in the water at sea, the maneuver path of the surface ship depends on the maximum detection range of the sonar. Because sonar utilizes sound waves, it is significantly influenced by the marine environment and the detection probability depends on the location and sound wave incident angle of the target. This study aims to calculate the detection probability by applying the actual marine environment, and proposes an optimal search path calculation method that maximizes the detection probability based on a genetic algorithm. The proposed optimal search path calculation method was proven to be effective via simulations in determining the optimal search.
{"title":"Optimal Search for Underwater Targets for Ships Equipped with Hull Mounted Sonar Using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Sang Hwang Young, H. Y.","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01544","url":null,"abstract":"When a surface ship utilizes a hull-mounted sonar (HMS) to search for a target located in the water at sea, the maneuver path of the surface ship depends on the maximum detection range of the sonar. Because sonar utilizes sound waves, it is significantly influenced by the marine environment and the detection probability depends on the location and sound wave incident angle of the target. This study aims to calculate the detection probability by applying the actual marine environment, and proposes an optimal search path calculation method that maximizes the detection probability based on a genetic algorithm. The proposed optimal search path calculation method was proven to be effective via simulations in determining the optimal search.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luís P. Quinto, Pedro Pinheiro, S. Gonçalves, Rafael Ferreira, I. Roupa, Miguel Tavares da Silva
This work aims to develop an exoskeleton structure that complies with a set of military requirements in line with the current operational environment demands. A design process was implemented so that these requirements could be identified and embedded in the development of a functional prototype suited for laboratory trials. The prototype was manufactured using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing technologies, and a functional evaluation of the developed solution was performed by 30 subjects to assess its suitability for military applications. Results show that the developed design is suitable for military activities, incorporating requirements addressing ergonomics, range of motion and comfort. Also, additive manufacturing is suitable for developing tailor-made exoskeleton structures, allowing for the prompt production of affordable personalized parts.
{"title":"Development and Functional Evaluation of a Passive Ankle Exoskeleton to Support Military Locomotion","authors":"Luís P. Quinto, Pedro Pinheiro, S. Gonçalves, Rafael Ferreira, I. Roupa, Miguel Tavares da Silva","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01536","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to develop an exoskeleton structure that complies with a set of military requirements in line with the current operational environment demands. A design process was implemented so that these requirements could be identified and embedded in the development of a functional prototype suited for laboratory trials. The prototype was manufactured using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing technologies, and a functional evaluation of the developed solution was performed by 30 subjects to assess its suitability for military applications. Results show that the developed design is suitable for military activities, incorporating requirements addressing ergonomics, range of motion and comfort. Also, additive manufacturing is suitable for developing tailor-made exoskeleton structures, allowing for the prompt production of affordable personalized parts.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes a thermodynamic mathematical model of internal ballistics in the barrel and in the gas cylinder of a gas-operated gun. In addition, this thermodynamic mathematical model deals with the mass flow of gas through the ring around the piston into the atmosphere. The thermodynamic mathematical model and the solution algorithm are validated and verified experimentally on the example of a 7.62 mm UK-59 machine gun and 7.62 x 54 R ammunition. The conclusions of this paper are applicable to the calculation and design of the machine gun gas propulsion structure for similar weapons with dust gas extraction.
本文建立了气枪枪管和气瓶内弹道的热力学数学模型。此外，这个热力学数学模型处理了气体通过活塞周围的环进入大气的质量流。以7.62 mm UK-59机枪和7.62 × 54 R弹药为例，对热力学数学模型和求解算法进行了验证和实验验证。本文的结论可用于类似武器吸尘抽气机枪气体推进结构的计算与设计。
{"title":"Mathematical Model of a Gas-Operated Machine Gun","authors":"D. V., Martin Macko, S. Procházka, V. V.","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01449","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a thermodynamic mathematical model of internal ballistics in the barrel and in the gas cylinder of a gas-operated gun. In addition, this thermodynamic mathematical model deals with the mass flow of gas through the ring around the piston into the atmosphere. The thermodynamic mathematical model and the solution algorithm are validated and verified experimentally on the example of a 7.62 mm UK-59 machine gun and 7.62 x 54 R ammunition. The conclusions of this paper are applicable to the calculation and design of the machine gun gas propulsion structure for similar weapons with dust gas extraction.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42290354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely involved in military reconnaissance and detection of moving targets. SAR active decoy can generate deceptive jamming signal and it can severely affect the content of SAR focused image. SAR range Doppler algorithm (RDA) is considered as one of the most common algorithms utilized in the image formation processor (IFP) in SAR sensors. In this paper, the inverse RDA (IRDA) deception jamming technique and its evaluation criteria on SAR are demonstrated. Mathematical formulations for SAR RDA with and without deception jamming are presented. Matlab simulation and results of SAR RDA under the proposed deception scenario are discussed. SAR point target simulation of the proposed deceptive jamming and false target insertion into real large scene are also introduced. Comparison of the proposed deceptive jamming to signal power ratio (JSR) required to counter SAR with other SAR jamming techniques is analyzed.
{"title":"Synthetic Aperture Radar Active Decoy","authors":"S. Elgamel, M. Abdel-Latif","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01520","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely involved in military reconnaissance and detection of moving targets. SAR active decoy can generate deceptive jamming signal and it can severely affect the content of SAR focused image. SAR range Doppler algorithm (RDA) is considered as one of the most common algorithms utilized in the image formation processor (IFP) in SAR sensors. In this paper, the inverse RDA (IRDA) deception jamming technique and its evaluation criteria on SAR are demonstrated. Mathematical formulations for SAR RDA with and without deception jamming are presented. Matlab simulation and results of SAR RDA under the proposed deception scenario are discussed. SAR point target simulation of the proposed deceptive jamming and false target insertion into real large scene are also introduced. Comparison of the proposed deceptive jamming to signal power ratio (JSR) required to counter SAR with other SAR jamming techniques is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effect of spike-nosed length on aerodynamic drag of a wing-projectile model was investigated at supersonic conditions. The projectile BK-13 with convex nose was selected for the study. The ratio of nose diameter and model diameter was fixed at around 0.34 while the ratio of the length of the nose and the model diameter was changed from 1.25 to 2.75. Numerical simulation with turbulent model k-ε was applied for flow structure around the model. The effect of mesh size and numerical models on the drag of the standard model was investigated. The study showed that numerical methods allow to obtain highly accurate drag coefficients. As the length of aerospike increases, the drag coefficient quickly decreases and obtains a minimum value at l/D = 2.0. The effect of spike-nosed length and velocity on flow pattern and drag of the model was ex-plained in details in this study
{"title":"Influence of Spike-Nosed Length on Aerodynamic Drag of a Wing-Projectile Model","authors":"Minh Do Van, H. T., Son Bui Xuan, A. D.","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01542","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of spike-nosed length on aerodynamic drag of a wing-projectile model was investigated at supersonic conditions. The projectile BK-13 with convex nose was selected for the study. The ratio of nose diameter and model diameter was fixed at around 0.34 while the ratio of the length of the nose and the model diameter was changed from 1.25 to 2.75. Numerical simulation with turbulent model k-ε was applied for flow structure around the model. The effect of mesh size and numerical models on the drag of the standard model was investigated. The study showed that numerical methods allow to obtain highly accurate drag coefficients. As the length of aerospike increases, the drag coefficient quickly decreases and obtains a minimum value at l/D = 2.0. The effect of spike-nosed length and velocity on flow pattern and drag of the model was ex-plained in details in this study","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to simulate the flow in the plug nozzle. Further, the evolution of the parameters of this flow was studied. The mass of the nozzle and of the exhaust gases was calculated by the simulation. In addition, all these results are then compared with those obtained by the numerical calculations. In the second part of the study, the method of an approximate method was used to generate the profile of the plug nozzle for different values of heat capacity ratio γ and the number of exit Mach. Finally, our results are com-pared with those obtained numerically and experimentally (available in open literature).
{"title":"Design and Numerical Analysis of a Plug Nozzle","authors":"S. Haif, H. Kbab, Amina Bnekhedda","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01523","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to simulate the flow in the plug nozzle. Further, the evolution of the parameters of this flow was studied. The mass of the nozzle and of the exhaust gases was calculated by the simulation. In addition, all these results are then compared with those obtained by the numerical calculations. In the second part of the study, the method of an approximate method was used to generate the profile of the plug nozzle for different values of heat capacity ratio γ and the number of exit Mach. Finally, our results are com-pared with those obtained numerically and experimentally (available in open literature).","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46854901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The functionality and purpose of combat wheeled vehicles (CWV) models are determined by both the requirements of the armed forces and the financial and technical capabilities of military equipment manufacturers. This leads to a discrepancy between the technical characteristics of the CWV model and its combat purpose. For the classification of CWV, an approach is proposed that consists of using generalized indicators that characterize the combat properties of CWV models, which allows establishing a correspondence between the technical characteristics of CWV models and their functional purpose, provides an opportunity to develop rational protection options and to justify specific technical solutions to increase the level of survivability of CWV models within groups.
{"title":"Classification of Combat Wheeled Vehicles Using Cluster Analysis Methods","authors":"V. Golub, V. Kurban, S. Sedov, G. Golub","doi":"10.3849/aimt.01499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01499","url":null,"abstract":"The functionality and purpose of combat wheeled vehicles (CWV) models are determined by both the requirements of the armed forces and the financial and technical capabilities of military equipment manufacturers. This leads to a discrepancy between the technical characteristics of the CWV model and its combat purpose. For the classification of CWV, an approach is proposed that consists of using generalized indicators that characterize the combat properties of CWV models, which allows establishing a correspondence between the technical characteristics of CWV models and their functional purpose, provides an opportunity to develop rational protection options and to justify specific technical solutions to increase the level of survivability of CWV models within groups.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49302743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aerial and satellite multispectral images are important source of intelligence information. However, the object classification accuracy in those images for reasons such as camouflage, use of decoys, and others often turns out to be insufficient. The objective of the study is to develop a method for computer-aided analysis of aerial and satellite multispectral images, which allows improving classification accuracy. This objective is achieved by incorporating geospatial information (topographic, geodetic, about land cover types) into the classification process. As a mathematical basis of the method is used subjective logic of A. Jøsang. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated by computer modeling using ArcGIS ModelBuilder tools.
{"title":"A Method for Object Classification in Aerial/Satellite Images with Incorporating Geospatial Information","authors":"M. Popov, M. Topolnytskyi, V. Pylypchuk","doi":"10.3849/aimt.1484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.1484","url":null,"abstract":"Aerial and satellite multispectral images are important source of intelligence information. However, the object classification accuracy in those images for reasons such as camouflage, use of decoys, and others often turns out to be insufficient. The objective of the study is to develop a method for computer-aided analysis of aerial and satellite multispectral images, which allows improving classification accuracy. This objective is achieved by incorporating geospatial information (topographic, geodetic, about land cover types) into the classification process. As a mathematical basis of the method is used subjective logic of A. Jøsang. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated by computer modeling using ArcGIS ModelBuilder tools.","PeriodicalId":39125,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Military Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45497812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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