Machine learning (ML) methodologies have demonstrated efficacy in the determination of erosion rates and material removal. In this context, a novel Erosion Prediction Gaussian Process Regression Algorithm (EPGPRA) was developed to predict the volumetric erosion in thermal spray coatings. In this patent, a novel EPGPRA based model was developed to predict the volumetric loss of 30Al2O3 and 20Cr2O3 reinforced Ni-based coatings deposited using a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process. The objective of this patent is to develop a GPR model for the prediction of Ni-30Al2O3 and Ni-20Cr2O3 coatings. Spraying powders were applied to the SS316L steel substrate in order to develop coatings. An erosion tester was used in order to investigate the wear resistance of HVOF-coated steel. The gathered experimental dataset is put to use in the construction of a powerful GPR model. The outcomes from GPR model were then measured against the values obtained from the experiments. To demonstrate the accuracy of the GPR model, the produced model is evaluated against various cutting-edge machine learning methods. This innovation was successful in terms of developing a new GPR model for wear prediction. The discrepancy between the actual and expected values is the smallest for Matern 5/2 (M5/2) GPR in the validation set. It was also lesser as compared to Ensemble Boosted Trees, Support Vector Machine, Linear regression, and Fine Tree. In terms of MSE, MAE, RMSE, and R2 the accuracy performance of the M5/2 GPR model was determined to be 9.8565×10-5, 0.0048884, 0.009928, and 0.93 correspondingly. Ni-Chromia coating performed better than the Ni-Alumina. As per this patent, a novel EPGPRA-based model was developed, which is the better machine learning technique for wear prediction of Ni-based HVOF coatings.
{"title":"Erosion Prediction Gaussian Process Regression Algorithm for Alumina\u0000and Chromia Reinforced Nickel-Based High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Coatings","authors":"Jashanpreet Singh, Satish Kumar, Hitesh Vasudev, Ranvijay Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0122127976292328240304081217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976292328240304081217","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Machine learning (ML) methodologies have demonstrated efficacy in the\u0000determination of erosion rates and material removal. In this context, a novel Erosion Prediction\u0000Gaussian Process Regression Algorithm (EPGPRA) was developed to predict the volumetric erosion\u0000in thermal spray coatings.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this patent, a novel EPGPRA based model was developed to predict the volumetric loss of\u000030Al2O3 and 20Cr2O3 reinforced Ni-based coatings deposited using a high-velocity oxy-fuel\u0000(HVOF) process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this patent is to develop a GPR model for the prediction of Ni-30Al2O3\u0000and Ni-20Cr2O3 coatings.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Spraying powders were applied to the SS316L steel substrate in order to develop coatings.\u0000An erosion tester was used in order to investigate the wear resistance of HVOF-coated steel.\u0000The gathered experimental dataset is put to use in the construction of a powerful GPR model. The\u0000outcomes from GPR model were then measured against the values obtained from the experiments.\u0000To demonstrate the accuracy of the GPR model, the produced model is evaluated against various\u0000cutting-edge machine learning methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This innovation was successful in terms of developing a new GPR model for wear prediction.\u0000The discrepancy between the actual and expected values is the smallest for Matern 5/2 (M5/2)\u0000GPR in the validation set. It was also lesser as compared to Ensemble Boosted Trees, Support Vector\u0000Machine, Linear regression, and Fine Tree. In terms of MSE, MAE, RMSE, and R2 the accuracy\u0000performance of the M5/2 GPR model was determined to be 9.8565×10-5, 0.0048884, 0.009928, and\u00000.93 correspondingly. Ni-Chromia coating performed better than the Ni-Alumina.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000As per this patent, a novel EPGPRA-based model was developed, which is the better\u0000machine learning technique for wear prediction of Ni-based HVOF coatings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.2174/0122127976292129240312054036
Lin Yang, Junhao Gong, Jialiang Liu, Jianqiu Xia, Yu Zhang
The substantial cutting force and elevated cutting temperature during the machining of hardened steel GCr15 exacerbate tool wear. In this study, the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force and cutting temperature in the process of hard-cutting GCr15 was studied, the cutting parameters were optimized, and the cutting force and cutting temperature were predicted. The cutting simulation model was constructed using ABAQUS software, and the cutting force and cutting temperature were investigated under various cutting parameters through range analysis, variance analysis, and signal-to-noise ratio transformation analysis. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the cutting force could be optimized by utilizing cutting speed vc=140m/min, feed rate f=0.1mm/r, and cutting depth ap=0.1mm. Under these conditions, the cutting force in the x-direction was measured as 78.560N, while the cutting force in the y-direction was 32.423N. Moreover, for achieving the optimal cutting temperature, the recommended cutting parameters were cutting speed vc=120m/min, feed rate f=0.1mm/r, and cutting depth ap=0.4mm. Compared to the conventional analytical method, which is burdened with high costs and low efficiency, the patent leverages finite element simulation technology to replicate the hardcutting process and its underlying cutting mechanism. This innovation simplifies the otherwise complex and laborious experimental and measurement procedures. By studying cutting force and cutting temperature, the optimization of cutting parameters can be achieved, thus offering valuable theoretical insights for practical production.
{"title":"Cutting Finite Element Simulation of Quenched Steel GCr15 Based on\u0000ABAQUS","authors":"Lin Yang, Junhao Gong, Jialiang Liu, Jianqiu Xia, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0122127976292129240312054036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976292129240312054036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The substantial cutting force and elevated cutting temperature during the\u0000machining of hardened steel GCr15 exacerbate tool wear.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force and cutting temperature\u0000in the process of hard-cutting GCr15 was studied, the cutting parameters were optimized, and\u0000the cutting force and cutting temperature were predicted.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The cutting simulation model was constructed using ABAQUS software, and the cutting\u0000force and cutting temperature were investigated under various cutting parameters through range\u0000analysis, variance analysis, and signal-to-noise ratio transformation analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the cutting force could be optimized\u0000by utilizing cutting speed vc=140m/min, feed rate f=0.1mm/r, and cutting depth ap=0.1mm.\u0000Under these conditions, the cutting force in the x-direction was measured as 78.560N, while the\u0000cutting force in the y-direction was 32.423N. Moreover, for achieving the optimal cutting temperature,\u0000the recommended cutting parameters were cutting speed vc=120m/min, feed rate f=0.1mm/r,\u0000and cutting depth ap=0.4mm.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Compared to the conventional analytical method, which is burdened with high costs\u0000and low efficiency, the patent leverages finite element simulation technology to replicate the hardcutting\u0000process and its underlying cutting mechanism. This innovation simplifies the otherwise\u0000complex and laborious experimental and measurement procedures. By studying cutting force and\u0000cutting temperature, the optimization of cutting parameters can be achieved, thus offering valuable\u0000theoretical insights for practical production.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"315 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.2174/0122127976288061240228045000
M. Yuvaperiyasamy, N. Senthilkumar, B. Deepanraj
In recent decades, there has been a concerning decrease in the accessibility of purified water, accompanied by a notable rise in demand. Seawater desalination can help address the issue of insufficient drinking water. An experiment was conducted using different energy storage materials incorporated into the water basin of a pyramid solar still (PSS) to examine its efficiency. This study determined the optimal water depth for the basin, ranging from 4 to 8 cm. Based on the findings, a water depth of 4 cm significantly increased productivity compared to depths of 5, 6, 7, and 8 cm, showing respective increases of 15%, 24.2%, 32.4%, and 40%. Moreover, studies were carried out to improve PSS output at a water depth of 4 cm using paraffin wax, basalt stone, blue metal stone, and glass marbles. The experimental results demonstrated that using paraffin wax increased productivity by 10%, 21.1%, and 34.3% compared to using blue metal stone, basalt stone, and kanche marbles, respectively.
{"title":"Enhancing Pyramid Solar Still Performance through Varied Heat Storage Materials and Water Depths: A Comprehensive Experimental Study","authors":"M. Yuvaperiyasamy, N. Senthilkumar, B. Deepanraj","doi":"10.2174/0122127976288061240228045000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976288061240228045000","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In recent decades, there has been a concerning decrease in the accessibility\u0000of purified water, accompanied by a notable rise in demand. Seawater desalination can help address\u0000the issue of insufficient drinking water.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An experiment was conducted using different energy storage materials incorporated into\u0000the water basin of a pyramid solar still (PSS) to examine its efficiency.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study determined the optimal water depth for the basin, ranging from 4 to 8 cm.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on the findings, a water depth of 4 cm significantly increased productivity compared\u0000to depths of 5, 6, 7, and 8 cm, showing respective increases of 15%, 24.2%, 32.4%, and 40%.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Moreover, studies were carried out to improve PSS output at a water depth of 4 cm using\u0000paraffin wax, basalt stone, blue metal stone, and glass marbles. The experimental results\u0000demonstrated that using paraffin wax increased productivity by 10%, 21.1%, and 34.3% compared\u0000to using blue metal stone, basalt stone, and kanche marbles, respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"128 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.2174/0122127976297511240222051102
Yushi Li, Yuan Chen, Yuntang Li, Xiaolun Li, Bing-qing Wang, Jie Jin
Enhancing the stability and leakage control of Dry Gas Seals (DGS) under high parameters has been a crucial research focus. The design of end-face groove structures and surface texture shapes has been an essential aspect of DGS studies aimed at improving performance. The proposed end-face gas seal utilizes superelliptical grooves and holes to improve its performance, aiming to obtain a patent. The use of superelliptical curves allows for a more precise and efficient geometric representation, resulting in a better sealing effect. A theoretical analysis model for the steady and dynamic behavior of the seal is established using the lubrication theory and perturbation methods. The study investigates the distribution patterns of gas film pressure on the sealing end-face and gas flow characteristics within the film. This approach provides a new perspective for understanding seal performance and offers a theoretical basis for optimizing seal design. The results indicate that the combined end-face structure with grooves and holes ensures good sealing stability and effectively enhances leakage control performance. By optimizing the design of the superelliptical groove and holes on the end face, the performance of DGS can be significantly improved. Within the parameter range studied, better steady-state performance is achieved for θ=40~80°, v=1.3~1.4, u=1~2, β=0.6~0.7, and λ=1.0~1.5. In addition, better dynamic performance is observed for θ=80~120°, v=1.1~1.2, u=2~3, β=0.9~1.0, and λ=2.0~2.5.
{"title":"A Study on the Steady and Dynamic Performance of Dry Gas Seals with\u0000Combined Superelliptical Grooves and Holes on the End Face","authors":"Yushi Li, Yuan Chen, Yuntang Li, Xiaolun Li, Bing-qing Wang, Jie Jin","doi":"10.2174/0122127976297511240222051102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976297511240222051102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Enhancing the stability and leakage control of Dry Gas Seals (DGS) under\u0000high parameters has been a crucial research focus. The design of end-face groove structures and\u0000surface texture shapes has been an essential aspect of DGS studies aimed at improving performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed end-face gas seal utilizes superelliptical grooves and holes to improve its\u0000performance, aiming to obtain a patent. The use of superelliptical curves allows for a more precise\u0000and efficient geometric representation, resulting in a better sealing effect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A theoretical analysis model for the steady and dynamic behavior of the seal is established\u0000using the lubrication theory and perturbation methods. The study investigates the distribution\u0000patterns of gas film pressure on the sealing end-face and gas flow characteristics within the\u0000film. This approach provides a new perspective for understanding seal performance and offers a\u0000theoretical basis for optimizing seal design.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results indicate that the combined end-face structure with grooves and holes ensures\u0000good sealing stability and effectively enhances leakage control performance. By optimizing the design\u0000of the superelliptical groove and holes on the end face, the performance of DGS can be significantly\u0000improved.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Within the parameter range studied, better steady-state performance is achieved for\u0000θ=40~80°, v=1.3~1.4, u=1~2, β=0.6~0.7, and λ=1.0~1.5. In addition, better dynamic performance\u0000is observed for θ=80~120°, v=1.1~1.2, u=2~3, β=0.9~1.0, and λ=2.0~2.5.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The railroad catenary insulator, which is a crucial component of the catenary system and is situated between the pillar and wrist arm, is crucial for electrical conductor isolation, electrical equipment insulation, mechanical load bearing, anti-fouling, and anti-leakage. The catenary insulators will experience tarnished flash, breakage, insulation strength deterioration, and other issues as a result of the long-term outside unfavorable working circumstances. The train electrical system's ability to operate normally is greatly hampered by these problems. Although there are many patents and articles related to insulator fault detection, the precision is not high enough. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the precision of catenary insulator fault detection. An improved region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN)-based fault detection method for railway catenary insulators is proposed in response to the long detection time of the conventional railroad catenary insulator fault, the low precision of the catenary insulator fault detection for occlusion and truncation, the poor performance of multi-scale object detection, and the processing of class unbalance problem. The Faster R-CNN is optimized from four perspectives: feature extraction, feature fusion, candidate box screening, and loss function, in accordance with the properties of the catenary insulator. First, to solve the problem of multi-scale catenary insulator fault detection, convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and feature pyramid network (FPN) are used to fuse the deep feature and shallow features of the image. This results in a feature map with more critical semantic information and higher resolution. After that, the weighted non-maximum suppression (WNMS) algorithm improved by distance-intersection over union (DIOU) and Gaussian weighting function is used instead of the traditional NMS algorithm, which effectively introduces the overlap of detection frames into the confidence level and makes full use of the effective information of the detection frames. Finally, the improved Focal loss is used as the classification loss, and the focusing parameter and the balance factor of the Focal Loss are adjusted dynamically to solve the problem of sample imbalance and difficult sample identification in the model better. The effects of SSD, YOLOV3, traditional Faster R-CNN and improved Faster R-CNN models are tested on the contact network insulator fault detection dataset constructed in this paper, and the experimental results show that the improved Faster R-CNN has higher precision, recall, and mAP compared to the other detection models, which reach 94.31%, 96.68% and 95.22%, respectively. The results of the experiments demonstrate that this method may successfully detect the faults in different scale catenary insulators. It can effectively detect truncated, obscured faulty catenary insulators. It has higher precision and recall and provides a reliable reference for
铁路接触网绝缘子是接触网系统的重要组成部分，位于支柱和腕臂之间，对导体隔离、电气设备绝缘、机械承载、防污、防渗漏等起着至关重要的作用。由于长期处于外界不利的工作环境中，导线绝缘子会出现污闪、断裂、绝缘强度下降等问题。这些问题极大地影响了列车电气系统的正常运行。因此，提高导体绝缘子故障检测的精度至关重要。针对传统铁路接触网绝缘子故障检测时间长、接触网绝缘子故障检测遮挡和截断精度低、多尺度物体检测性能差以及类不平衡问题的处理等问题，提出了一种改进的基于区域卷积神经网络（Faster R-CNN）的铁路接触网绝缘子故障检测方法。根据导线绝缘子的特性，从特征提取、特征融合、候选盒筛选和损失函数四个方面对Faster R-CNN进行了优化。首先，为解决多尺度导体绝缘子故障检测问题，利用卷积块注意模块（CBAM）和特征金字塔网络（FPN）对图像的深层特征和浅层特征进行融合。这将产生一个具有更多关键语义信息和更高分辨率的特征图。然后，使用经距离交集联合（DIOU）和高斯加权函数改进的加权非最大抑制（WNMS）算法代替传统的 NMS 算法，该算法有效地将检测帧的重叠引入置信度，充分利用了检测帧的有效信息。最后，采用改进的 Focal loss 作为分类损失，并动态调整 Focal loss 的聚焦参数和平衡因子，较好地解决了模型中样本不平衡和样本识别困难的问题。在本文构建的接触网绝缘子故障检测数据集上测试了SSD、YOLOV3、传统的Faster R-CNN和改进的Faster R-CNN模型的效果，实验结果表明，改进的Faster R-CNN与其他检测模型相比具有更高的精度、召回率和mAP，分别达到94.31%、96.68%和95.22%。实验结果表明，该方法可以成功检测出不同尺度导体绝缘子的故障，并能有效检测出截断的、模糊的故障导体绝缘子。该方法具有较高的精确度和召回率，为维护铁路接触网故障绝缘子提供了可靠的参考。
{"title":"Railroad Catenary Insulator Fault Detection Based on Improved Faster\u0000R-CNN","authors":"Lingzhi Yi, Tengfei Dong, Yahui Wang, Haixiang She, Chuyang Yi, Guo Yu","doi":"10.2174/0122127976286140240222055507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976286140240222055507","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The railroad catenary insulator, which is a crucial component of the catenary\u0000system and is situated between the pillar and wrist arm, is crucial for electrical conductor isolation,\u0000electrical equipment insulation, mechanical load bearing, anti-fouling, and anti-leakage. The\u0000catenary insulators will experience tarnished flash, breakage, insulation strength deterioration, and\u0000other issues as a result of the long-term outside unfavorable working circumstances. The train electrical\u0000system's ability to operate normally is greatly hampered by these problems. Although there\u0000are many patents and articles related to insulator fault detection, the precision is not high enough.\u0000Therefore, it is crucial to improve the precision of catenary insulator fault detection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An improved region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN)-based fault\u0000detection method for railway catenary insulators is proposed in response to the long detection time\u0000of the conventional railroad catenary insulator fault, the low precision of the catenary insulator\u0000fault detection for occlusion and truncation, the poor performance of multi-scale object detection,\u0000and the processing of class unbalance problem.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Faster R-CNN is optimized from four perspectives: feature extraction, feature fusion,\u0000candidate box screening, and loss function, in accordance with the properties of the catenary\u0000insulator. First, to solve the problem of multi-scale catenary insulator fault detection, convolutional\u0000block attention module (CBAM) and feature pyramid network (FPN) are used to fuse the deep feature\u0000and shallow features of the image. This results in a feature map with more critical semantic information\u0000and higher resolution. After that, the weighted non-maximum suppression (WNMS) algorithm\u0000improved by distance-intersection over union (DIOU) and Gaussian weighting function is\u0000used instead of the traditional NMS algorithm, which effectively introduces the overlap of detection\u0000frames into the confidence level and makes full use of the effective information of the detection\u0000frames. Finally, the improved Focal loss is used as the classification loss, and the focusing parameter\u0000and the balance factor of the Focal Loss are adjusted dynamically to solve the problem of\u0000sample imbalance and difficult sample identification in the model better.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effects of SSD, YOLOV3, traditional Faster R-CNN and improved Faster R-CNN\u0000models are tested on the contact network insulator fault detection dataset constructed in this paper,\u0000and the experimental results show that the improved Faster R-CNN has higher precision, recall,\u0000and mAP compared to the other detection models, which reach 94.31%, 96.68% and 95.22%, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results of the experiments demonstrate that this method may successfully detect\u0000the faults in different scale catenary insulators. It can effectively detect truncated, obscured faulty\u0000catenary insulators. It has higher precision and recall and provides a reliable reference for","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"135 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy consumption is a common problem in hospital buildings, which consume twice that of other public buildings. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the control strategy for the efficient operation of the cold source system. The study aimed to explore an efficient operation control strategy for cold source system, and new technologies and patents have emerged for the same. This work, utilizing EnergyPlus, modelled and analyzed the cold source system in a Shanghai hospital to optimize its operation. The accuracy of the simulation was verified by comparing it with experimental data. Based on the simulation results, the factors influencing the energy efficiency of the cold source system were analyzed, and then the operation control strategy of the cold source system was obtained. The XGBoost was used to fit the simulation results, and the operation strategy under full operating conditions was obtained. The simulated results indicated the average energy saving rates during the summer season of the chillers, the chilled water pumps, the cooling water pumps, and the cooling towers to be 6.5%, -4.0%, 38.3%, and 5.4%, respectively, under the optimal operation control strategy. The average system Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the cold source system was 5.9, and the total energy consumption was 957016.3 kW·h, which was 7.1 % energy saving compared to that under the original operation. The conclusions of this study could provide references for the hospital buildings’ cold source system and group control method. This study has important practical significance for the efficient control strategy of cold source systems.
{"title":"Energy Consumption Optimization for the Cold Source System of a Hospital in Shanghai - Part II: Operation Control Strategy Using EnergyPlus","authors":"Minglu Qu, Xinlin Zhang, Xiang Luo, Xufeng Yan, Zhao Li, Lihui Wang","doi":"10.2174/0122127976290446240228055313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976290446240228055313","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Energy consumption is a common problem in hospital buildings, which\u0000consume twice that of other public buildings. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the control\u0000strategy for the efficient operation of the cold source system.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study aimed to explore an efficient operation control strategy for cold source system,\u0000and new technologies and patents have emerged for the same. This work, utilizing EnergyPlus,\u0000modelled and analyzed the cold source system in a Shanghai hospital to optimize its operation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The accuracy of the simulation was verified by comparing it with experimental data.\u0000Based on the simulation results, the factors influencing the energy efficiency of the cold source system\u0000were analyzed, and then the operation control strategy of the cold source system was obtained.\u0000The XGBoost was used to fit the simulation results, and the operation strategy under full operating\u0000conditions was obtained.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The simulated results indicated the average energy saving rates during the summer season\u0000of the chillers, the chilled water pumps, the cooling water pumps, and the cooling towers to be\u00006.5%, -4.0%, 38.3%, and 5.4%, respectively, under the optimal operation control strategy. The average\u0000system Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the cold source system was 5.9, and the total energy\u0000consumption was 957016.3 kW·h, which was 7.1 % energy saving compared to that under the\u0000original operation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The conclusions of this study could provide references for the hospital buildings’ cold\u0000source system and group control method. This study has important practical significance for the efficient\u0000control strategy of cold source systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"134 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hospitals account for the most proportion of energy consumption in the public building sector. Chillers usually account for most of the overall energy consumption of the cold source system. To solve the problem of chillers' large energy consumption problem, novel technologies were developed, and achievements were patented. The operating characteristics influencing factors of the magnetic suspension centrifugal chiller (MSCC) and variable frequency screw chiller (VFSC) of a hospital in Shanghai were analyzed and discussed by actual measurements. Then, based on the operating characteristics of the chiller obtained from the analysis of the measured data, the cooling capacity was classified by the K-Means clustering method to obtain the startup strategy of the chillers. The effects of the supply chilled water temperature, the supply cooling water temperature and variable cooling water flow rate on the maximum cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of both chillers were explored. The load distribution scheme was discussed based on the chillers' startup strategy. The average part load ratio operation scheme was the preferred chiller distribution scheme. A chiller's maximum allowable part load ratio should not exceed 80% during the low-load operation period and should not be less than 60% during the conventional operation period. It provided a reference for optimizing the chiller operation strategy to reduce system energy consumption.
{"title":"Energy Consumption Optimization for the Cold Source System of a Hospital in Shanghai-Part I: Analysis of Operating Characteristics and the Control\u0000Strategies of the Chillers","authors":"Minglu Qu, Xiang Luo, Xinlin Zhang, Xufeng Yan, Zhao Li, Lihui Wang","doi":"10.2174/0122127976290109240228093956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976290109240228093956","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hospitals account for the most proportion of energy consumption in the\u0000public building sector. Chillers usually account for most of the overall energy consumption of the\u0000cold source system.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To solve the problem of chillers' large energy consumption problem, novel technologies\u0000were developed, and achievements were patented.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The operating characteristics influencing factors of the magnetic suspension centrifugal\u0000chiller (MSCC) and variable frequency screw chiller (VFSC) of a hospital in Shanghai were analyzed\u0000and discussed by actual measurements. Then, based on the operating characteristics of the\u0000chiller obtained from the analysis of the measured data, the cooling capacity was classified by the\u0000K-Means clustering method to obtain the startup strategy of the chillers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effects of the supply chilled water temperature, the supply cooling water temperature\u0000and variable cooling water flow rate on the maximum cooling capacity and coefficient of performance\u0000(COP) of both chillers were explored. The load distribution scheme was discussed based on\u0000the chillers' startup strategy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The average part load ratio operation scheme was the preferred chiller distribution\u0000scheme. A chiller's maximum allowable part load ratio should not exceed 80% during the low-load\u0000operation period and should not be less than 60% during the conventional operation period. It provided\u0000a reference for optimizing the chiller operation strategy to reduce system energy consumption.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.2174/0122127976288436240221060807
Michael Enyan, Zhang Bing, Junsen Rao, Xinxing Zhang, Hongyu Liu
When performing repetitive work in an electro-hydraulic servo system, the expected tracking signals are often periodic signals, such as trigonometric functions. For this kind of electro-hydraulic servo system, repetitive control is one of the most ideal control strategies. The objective of this patent technology is to improve the position-tracking performance of the electro-hydraulic servo system and minimize tracking errors by designing and implementing a repetitive control strategy. The study models an electro-hydraulic servo system, designs a stabilizing controller, and develops a plug-in repetitive controller to enhance EHSS tracking. The regeneration spectrum is used as a stability criterion, and performance is evaluated using statistical metrics like Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and standard deviation of the tracking error along with tracking performance and steady-state error. The developed controller, validated through simulation analysis and real-time experiments, significantly reduces tracking error and enhances system position tracking accuracy, demonstrating its effectiveness. For instance, the repetitive control strategy outperforms PID and backstepping controllers at 30 mm with 0.5 Hz, achieving an error of 0.2 with an RMSE of 0.0924 and σ of 0.0878. Similar trends are observed at various test conditions, highlighting the consistent and robust performance of the designed repetitive controller. Additionally, the designed repetitive controller demonstrates an average improvement of 75.175% and 62.97% compared to the proportional-integral-derivative and backstepping controllers, respectively. The designed controller provides technical support for position control of the electrohydraulic servo system, achieves position control requirements, and significantly improves positioning accuracy and response.
{"title":"Position Control of Electro-hydraulic Servo System Based on Repetitive\u0000Control Strategy","authors":"Michael Enyan, Zhang Bing, Junsen Rao, Xinxing Zhang, Hongyu Liu","doi":"10.2174/0122127976288436240221060807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976288436240221060807","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000When performing repetitive work in an electro-hydraulic servo system,\u0000the expected tracking signals are often periodic signals, such as trigonometric functions. For this\u0000kind of electro-hydraulic servo system, repetitive control is one of the most ideal control strategies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this patent technology is to improve the position-tracking performance\u0000of the electro-hydraulic servo system and minimize tracking errors by designing and implementing\u0000a repetitive control strategy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study models an electro-hydraulic servo system, designs a stabilizing controller, and\u0000develops a plug-in repetitive controller to enhance EHSS tracking. The regeneration spectrum is\u0000used as a stability criterion, and performance is evaluated using statistical metrics like Mean Square\u0000Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and standard deviation of the tracking error along\u0000with tracking performance and steady-state error.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The developed controller, validated through simulation analysis and real-time experiments, significantly reduces tracking error and enhances system position tracking accuracy,\u0000demonstrating its effectiveness. For instance, the repetitive control strategy outperforms PID and\u0000backstepping controllers at 30 mm with 0.5 Hz, achieving an error of 0.2 with an RMSE of 0.0924\u0000and σ of 0.0878. Similar trends are observed at various test conditions, highlighting the consistent\u0000and robust performance of the designed repetitive controller. Additionally, the designed repetitive\u0000controller demonstrates an average improvement of 75.175% and 62.97% compared to the proportional-integral-derivative and backstepping controllers, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The designed controller provides technical support for position control of the electrohydraulic servo system, achieves position control requirements, and significantly improves positioning accuracy and response.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patient Transfer Apparatus (PTA), which has been reported by various relevant papers and patents, is widely used in the hospital. However, there are few corresponding transfer apparatuses for research and development in the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) room because of the influence of a high magnetic field environment. It is desired to require the apparatus for the patient and the medical staff to have weak magnetism, high matching, and easy operation, etc The purpose of this study is to find out the working principle of PTA, to conduct parameter optimization and design and develop more effective PTA for the application of the MRI room. Firstly, based on the patient transfer process, a novel transfer model with the coordinated movement of the transfer belt and the moving panel is proposed, the corresponding clutch mechanism is conceived and the working principle of the whole mechanism movement is designed and analyzed in detail. Secondly, the force analysis of the clutch mechanism, lifting mechanism and patient transfer mechanism are performed, the mechanical structures are optimized, and the optimal sizes are obtained. Thirdly, the mechanical structure of the system is designed in detail, and the prototype is manufactured. Finally, the performance evaluation of the system is conducted by means of the fuzzy evaluation method and clinical study. The results showed that the motion function of the apparatus is reasonable and it can work normally in the MRI room, the comfort of the PTA is also excellent. The research results also prove the accuracy of the working principle and the rationality of the structural design The non-magnetic PTA is suitable for quickly transferring patients who are unable to move in the MRI room of a hospital by the manual method
{"title":"Innovative Design and Experimental Research of the Patient Transfer\u0000Apparatus for MRI Room","authors":"Lingfeng Sang, Shichuang Liu, Hongbo Wang, Zhengcai Wang, Yu Tian, L. Vlădăreanu","doi":"10.2174/0122127976303062240222115541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976303062240222115541","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Patient Transfer Apparatus (PTA), which has been reported by various\u0000relevant papers and patents, is widely used in the hospital. However, there are few corresponding\u0000transfer apparatuses for research and development in the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging\u0000(MRI) room because of the influence of a high magnetic field environment. It is desired to require\u0000the apparatus for the patient and the medical staff to have weak magnetism, high matching, and\u0000easy operation, etc\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The purpose of this study is to find out the working principle of PTA, to conduct parameter optimization and design and develop more effective PTA for the application of the MRI room.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Firstly, based on the patient transfer process, a novel transfer model with the coordinated\u0000movement of the transfer belt and the moving panel is proposed, the corresponding clutch mechanism is conceived and the working principle of the whole mechanism movement is designed and\u0000analyzed in detail. Secondly, the force analysis of the clutch mechanism, lifting mechanism and patient transfer mechanism are performed, the mechanical structures are optimized, and the optimal\u0000sizes are obtained. Thirdly, the mechanical structure of the system is designed in detail, and the\u0000prototype is manufactured.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Finally, the performance evaluation of the system is conducted by means of the fuzzy\u0000evaluation method and clinical study. The results showed that the motion function of the apparatus\u0000is reasonable and it can work normally in the MRI room, the comfort of the PTA is also excellent.\u0000The research results also prove the accuracy of the working principle and the rationality of the\u0000structural design\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The non-magnetic PTA is suitable for quickly transferring patients who are unable to\u0000move in the MRI room of a hospital by the manual method\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The condition that vehicles are prone to skidding during emergency lane changing, an anti-rollover constraint is added to the trajectory planning. The evaluation index is constructed by the lateral load transfer rate LTR, so as to put forward a seventh-order polynomial trajectory planning method considering the anti-rollover. It improves the safety and stability of the planned trajectory of the intelligent vehicle when changing lanes in an emergency. The risk assessment index under different emergency lane changing modes is obtained through simulation tests, the phase plane method is used to classify the risk level and formulate a reasonable risk decision-making mechanism. A patented model for risk assessment considering the risk of instability is designed. The tests conducted on a low-friction road show that when the risk assessment factor is in the range of the steering lane change mode intervals, the steering controller maneuvers the vehicle to make an emergency lane change with a seventh-order polynomial trajectory. The small fluctuation of the LTR verifies the feasibility of the model
{"title":"Risk Assessment Model of Emergency Lane Change Behavior for\u0000Intelligent Vehicles","authors":"Yixuan Feng, Huanhuan Zhang, Minjie Yao, Hongchao Wu","doi":"10.2174/0122127976290621240212054625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122127976290621240212054625","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The condition that vehicles are prone to skidding during emergency lane\u0000changing, an anti-rollover constraint is added to the trajectory planning.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The evaluation index is constructed by the lateral load transfer rate LTR, so as to put\u0000forward a seventh-order polynomial trajectory planning method considering the anti-rollover. It\u0000improves the safety and stability of the planned trajectory of the intelligent vehicle when changing\u0000lanes in an emergency. The risk assessment index under different emergency lane changing modes\u0000is obtained through simulation tests, the phase plane method is used to classify the risk level and\u0000formulate a reasonable risk decision-making mechanism. A patented model for risk assessment\u0000considering the risk of instability is designed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The tests conducted on a low-friction road show that when the risk assessment factor is in\u0000the range of the steering lane change mode intervals, the steering controller maneuvers the vehicle\u0000to make an emergency lane change with a seventh-order polynomial trajectory.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The small fluctuation of the LTR verifies the feasibility of the model\u0000","PeriodicalId":39169,"journal":{"name":"Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering","volume":"28 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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