Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601011
Olga Mastianica
{"title":"Das Baltikum. Geschichte einer europäischen Region. Band 2: Vom Beginn der Frühen Neuzeit bis zur Gründung der modernen Staaten, Herausgegeben von Karsten Brüggemann, Detlef Henning und Ralph Tuchtenhagen, Hiersemann, Verlag, 2021, 776 p. ISBN 978-3-7772-2100-7 (2. Teilband)","authors":"Olga Mastianica","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48877723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601014
Kaarel Piirimäe
{"title":"Larry Wolff, Woodrow Wilson and the Reimagining of Eastern Europe, Stanford University Press, 2020. 304 p. ISBN 978-1503-611-18-4, 978-1503-611-19-1","authors":"Kaarel Piirimäe","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601004
Česlovas Laurinavičius
In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, the foreign secretary Anthony Eden was responsible for preparing projects to solve the Balts’ problems, based on which the Baltic States could preserve limited sovereignty. This aspect has received little attention in historiography, seemingly because it is treated as an ephemeral, insignificant episode. It cannot be dismissed that the provision of a compromise with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, which was in principle impossible, did apply. However, historical material suggests a different conclusion. This article was also inspired by Henry Kissinger’s opinion that it was the idealism of the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt that prevented Western states from reaching a compromise with Stalin. This article reveals what went on ‘behind the scenes’ in big politics: how the Baltic States factor, in itself rather insignificant to the big states, allows for identifying the prime goal of those big states, to seek power and dominance.
{"title":"The Background to the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942: The Problem of Compromise Solutions for Lithuania (The Baltic States)","authors":"Česlovas Laurinavičius","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601004","url":null,"abstract":"In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, the foreign secretary Anthony Eden was responsible for preparing projects to solve the Balts’ problems, based on which the Baltic States could preserve limited sovereignty. This aspect has received little attention in historiography, seemingly because it is treated as an ephemeral, insignificant episode. It cannot be dismissed that the provision of a compromise with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, which was in principle impossible, did apply. However, historical material suggests a different conclusion. This article was also inspired by Henry Kissinger’s opinion that it was the idealism of the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt that prevented Western states from reaching a compromise with Stalin.\u0000This article reveals what went on ‘behind the scenes’ in big politics: how the Baltic States factor, in itself rather insignificant to the big states, allows for identifying the prime goal of those big states, to seek power and dominance.","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45911056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601008
Antoni K. Urmański
{"title":"Kamil Frejlich, Pod przysądem horodnictwa wileńskiego. O jurydyce i jej mieszkańcach w XVII wieku, Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2022. 336 p. ISBN 978-83-231-4694-0","authors":"Antoni K. Urmański","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42877815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601005
Regina Laukaitytė
This article presents an analysis of events in Lithuania in the years 1944 to 1947, when the Soviet authorities were forced to stem the large numbers of beggars, both children and adults, flooding into the country. The scale of the social problem is examined, as well as the reasons, the routes taken by beggars of various nationalities (Russian-speakers, Germans, Roma (Gypsies) and the local population), and the efforts taken by government institutions to use deportation as a way of managing the crisis associated with the spread of typhus. The author reviews the stereotypes, well established in historiography, alleging that only German children begged after the war, and that members of the Lithuanian population who took them in were therefore subject to repressions.
{"title":"A Postwar Social Crisis: The Flood of Beggars into Lithuania in 1944–1947","authors":"Regina Laukaitytė","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601005","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an analysis of events in Lithuania in the years 1944 to 1947, when the Soviet authorities were forced to stem the large numbers of beggars, both children and adults, flooding into the country. The scale of the social problem is examined, as well as the reasons, the routes taken by beggars of various nationalities (Russian-speakers, Germans, Roma (Gypsies) and the local population), and the efforts taken by government institutions to use deportation as a way of managing the crisis associated with the spread of typhus. The author reviews the stereotypes, well established in historiography, alleging that only German children begged after the war, and that members of the Lithuanian population who took them in were therefore subject to repressions.","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601009
Ramunė Šmigelskytė-Stukienė
{"title":"Richard Butterwick, The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1733–1795. Light and Flame, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020. 482 p. ISBN 978-0300-252-20-0","authors":"Ramunė Šmigelskytė-Stukienė","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45735489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601016
Valdemaras Klumbys
{"title":"Silvia Foti, The Nazi’s Granddaughter: How I Discovered my Grandfather was a War Criminal, Washington: Regnery History, 2021. 376 p. ISBN 978- 1684-511-08-2/Silvia Foti, Vėtra Lietaus šalyje: Jono Noreikos anūkės pasakojimas, Vilnius: Kitos knygos, 2022. 344 p. ISBN 978-609-4275-15-9","authors":"Valdemaras Klumbys","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601017
Sigita Kraniauskienė
Grigorijus Potašenko continues his research into Old Believer communities and their culture in Lithuania and the Baltic region.1 This time, he turns his focus to the history of the formation of the Old Believer community in Klaipėda (KOBC), and its development and religious life from when it was created in 1946 until 2018. This is a case study where, in addition to traditional historical research methods and sources largely unveiled by the author for the first time ever (archival documents and Old Believers’ works), oral history material collected from members of the community, the religious fathers and parishioners of the KOBC are also used. Memories and recollections were very valuable for describing and reconstructing the community’s early history in Lithuania’s port city. ‘The Klaipėda Old Believer Community’ is a rather large book (444 pages), richly illustrated with photographs the author collected from both state archives and the personal photograph albums of community members. Potašenko’s book is very important for understanding the history of both Lithuania’s Old Believers and of ethnic and confessional communities in the port city, as practically no one else has devoted separate research to the Klaipėda Old Believer community. According to him, despite ‘widespread and active interest in the rich history of
{"title":"Grigorijus Potašenko, Klaipėdos sentikių bendruomenė. Istorija, žmonės, tradicijos 1946–2018, Vilnius: Petro ofsetas. ISBN 978-609-420-731-0","authors":"Sigita Kraniauskienė","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601017","url":null,"abstract":"Grigorijus Potašenko continues his research into Old Believer communities and their culture in Lithuania and the Baltic region.1 This time, he turns his focus to the history of the formation of the Old Believer community in Klaipėda (KOBC), and its development and religious life from when it was created in 1946 until 2018. This is a case study where, in addition to traditional historical research methods and sources largely unveiled by the author for the first time ever (archival documents and Old Believers’ works), oral history material collected from members of the community, the religious fathers and parishioners of the KOBC are also used. Memories and recollections were very valuable for describing and reconstructing the community’s early history in Lithuania’s port city. ‘The Klaipėda Old Believer Community’ is a rather large book (444 pages), richly illustrated with photographs the author collected from both state archives and the personal photograph albums of community members. Potašenko’s book is very important for understanding the history of both Lithuania’s Old Believers and of ethnic and confessional communities in the port city, as practically no one else has devoted separate research to the Klaipėda Old Believer community. According to him, despite ‘widespread and active interest in the rich history of","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45558766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601002
Jurgita Šiaučiūnaitė-Verbickienė
In the second half of the 18th century, the problem of the indebtedness of the Jewish communities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was identified as one that could not be solved without the intervention of the state, and the resolution of this issue involved accounting the debts incurred by Jewish communities and planning their repayment. The present research is based on primary sources: handwritten accounting documents of Jewish debts in the Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The focus of the paper is on issues which, although identified in historiography, have not yet been analysed: the structure of the indebtedness of Jewish communities, a social portrait of their lenders, trends in the accounting and administration of the debts, and decisions regarding their speedier repayment. The case of the indebtedness of Vilnius’ Jewish community as an institution is analysed, and shows the extremely complicated situation of the chief-communities of the Lithuanian Vaad (in Hebrew Vaad medinat Lita). The biggest challenge in the research is difficulties separating debts incurred for the needs of the community and debts connected with the chief-community’s position in the Lithuanian Vaad, the main and supreme institution of Jewish self-government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
{"title":"The Bankruptcy of the Vilnius Jewish Community in the Second Half of the 18th Century. The Structure of the Debts and the Process of their Repayment","authors":"Jurgita Šiaučiūnaitė-Verbickienė","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601002","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the 18th century, the problem of the indebtedness of the Jewish communities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was identified as one that could not be solved without the intervention of the state, and the resolution of this issue involved accounting the debts incurred by Jewish communities and planning their repayment. The present research is based on primary sources: handwritten accounting documents of Jewish debts in the Treasury Commission of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The focus of the paper is on issues which, although identified in historiography, have not yet been analysed: the structure of the indebtedness of Jewish communities, a social portrait of their lenders, trends in the accounting and administration of the debts, and decisions regarding their speedier repayment. The case of the indebtedness of Vilnius’ Jewish community as an institution is analysed, and shows the extremely complicated situation of the chief-communities of the Lithuanian Vaad (in Hebrew Vaad medinat Lita). The biggest challenge in the research is difficulties separating debts incurred for the needs of the community and debts connected with the chief-community’s position in the Lithuanian Vaad, the main and supreme institution of Jewish self-government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45876997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.30965/25386565-02601001
Laurynas Šedvydis, Marius Sirutavičius
This article gives an analysis of the borrowing statistics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for the early part of the Livonian War (1555–1569), until the Union of Lublin, and the social characteristics of the people and groups of people who became the most prominent lenders. The borrowing in question was conducted via pledge lordships. For the examined period, we have registered 160 pledge-lordship contracts with a stated pledge amount totalling 515,667 sexagenas of Lithuanian groats. Of these, 149 pledge-lordship contracts totalling 496,709 sexagenas were from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania proper. In comparison with the earlier period, between 1502 and 1522, revenue from pledges with a known face value increased ninefold. The total amount borrowed for this period was equal to approximately three times the yearly wartime treasury revenue. The most prolific lenders were members of the established elite. Altogether, members of eight noble houses provided 32.4% of the entire amount lent to the state using pledges. Compared to the earlier period in terms of lenders was the first appearance of burghers (Vilnius, Gdansk, Livonian) as lenders, as they were granted pledge-lordship contracts.
{"title":"All The Grand Duke’s Lenders: Creditors of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1555 to 1569","authors":"Laurynas Šedvydis, Marius Sirutavičius","doi":"10.30965/25386565-02601001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02601001","url":null,"abstract":"This article gives an analysis of the borrowing statistics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for the early part of the Livonian War (1555–1569), until the Union of Lublin, and the social characteristics of the people and groups of people who became the most prominent lenders. The borrowing in question was conducted via pledge lordships. For the examined period, we have registered 160 pledge-lordship contracts with a stated pledge amount totalling 515,667 sexagenas of Lithuanian groats. Of these, 149 pledge-lordship contracts totalling 496,709 sexagenas were from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania proper. In comparison with the earlier period, between 1502 and 1522, revenue from pledges with a known face value increased ninefold. The total amount borrowed for this period was equal to approximately three times the yearly wartime treasury revenue. The most prolific lenders were members of the established elite. Altogether, members of eight noble houses provided 32.4% of the entire amount lent to the state using pledges. Compared to the earlier period in terms of lenders was the first appearance of burghers (Vilnius, Gdansk, Livonian) as lenders, as they were granted pledge-lordship contracts.","PeriodicalId":39190,"journal":{"name":"Lithuanian historical studies / Lithuanian Institute of History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48704570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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