Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.17
Young Sik Park, Sangjun Im, J. Heo
We developed a pulsatory water spray gun system aimed at improving the efficiency of fruit setting management in peach cultivation and evaluated its feasibility for field application. In order to select the optimum water spray conditions and developmental stages of a flower for field applications, the influence of varying pressures of the power sprayer, nozzle diameters, and spray distances on flower and leaf bud thinning rate was investigated under four different developmental stages of flower such as bud sprouting, pink, balloon and flowering period using the water cut bearing branch of “Kawanakawase Hakuto” peach. The optimum conditions for the application of the pulsatory water spray gun were identified as a power sprayer pressure of 2 MPa at a nozzle diameter of 2 mm and spraying distance of 1 m in the ballooning and flowering stages. A flower bud thinning rate greater than 60 % and a leaf bud thinning rate lower than 7 % were observed under these conditions. In the field application test based on the selected conditions, the flower and leaf bud thinning rates were ideal for fruit production and showed higher fruit characteristics compared with fruits produced by a conventional fruit setting management method. In addition, the application of this system for flower thinning could considerably reduce the total work time compared with the conventional method. Hence, it is also expected that the newly developed system can be used for labor savings during fruit setting management in peach cultivation.
{"title":"The basic performance and field application test of newly developed flower thinning system for peach cultivation","authors":"Young Sik Park, Sangjun Im, J. Heo","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.17","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a pulsatory water spray gun system aimed at improving the efficiency of fruit setting management in peach cultivation and evaluated its feasibility for field application. In order to select the optimum water spray conditions and developmental stages of a flower for field applications, the influence of varying pressures of the power sprayer, nozzle diameters, and spray distances on flower and leaf bud thinning rate was investigated under four different developmental stages of flower such as bud sprouting, pink, balloon and flowering period using the water cut bearing branch of “Kawanakawase Hakuto” peach. The optimum conditions for the application of the pulsatory water spray gun were identified as a power sprayer pressure of 2 MPa at a nozzle diameter of 2 mm and spraying distance of 1 m in the ballooning and flowering stages. A flower bud thinning rate greater than 60 % and a leaf bud thinning rate lower than 7 % were observed under these conditions. In the field application test based on the selected conditions, the flower and leaf bud thinning rates were ideal for fruit production and showed higher fruit characteristics compared with fruits produced by a conventional fruit setting management method. In addition, the application of this system for flower thinning could considerably reduce the total work time compared with the conventional method. Hence, it is also expected that the newly developed system can be used for labor savings during fruit setting management in peach cultivation.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43159210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.22
O. Abba, A. Rochdi
Morocco’s phœnicicultural heritage is known for its varietal diversity. The present study aims to determine the potential of the Jihel variety of dates, compared to the other most economically important varieties of dates in Morocco. Based on a bibliographic analysis, a follow-up of units of dates and an analysis of the surveys were realized along with field data recovery. The present study shows that dates of Jihel variety have many criteria that permit its position as an important commercial produce. However, many interesting measures must be envisaged, in particular, the respect of the good practices of production, the accompaniment of the phoeniculturists, the encouragement of industrialists and the promotion of the dates of Jihel variety by the implementation of an appropriate communication approach: advertising campaigns, innovative concepts of packaging and labeling. The results represent an exploitable base to establish a roadmap, aiming for the development of the phoenicultural sector in particular dates of Jihel variety of Morocco.
{"title":"Potential of Moroccan dates of Jihel variety","authors":"O. Abba, A. Rochdi","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.22","url":null,"abstract":"Morocco’s phœnicicultural heritage is known for its varietal diversity. The present study aims to determine the potential of the Jihel variety of dates, compared to the other most economically important varieties of dates in Morocco. Based on a bibliographic analysis, a follow-up of units of dates and an analysis of the surveys were realized along with field data recovery. The present study shows that dates of Jihel variety have many criteria that permit its position as an important commercial produce. However, many interesting measures must be envisaged, in particular, the respect of the good practices of production, the accompaniment of the phoeniculturists, the encouragement of industrialists and the promotion of the dates of Jihel variety by the implementation of an appropriate communication approach: advertising campaigns, innovative concepts of packaging and labeling. The results represent an exploitable base to establish a roadmap, aiming for the development of the phoenicultural sector in particular dates of Jihel variety of Morocco.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.27
A. Pradhan, L. Sharma, S. Bhutia, N. Sherpa
The fruit peel of citrus is known to be rich in essential oil. Essential oil content and its characteristics vary amongst the species and climatic factors play a major role. Essential oil, to be suitable for the specific commercial purpose should have basic characteristics. In the present study, extracted oil of selected three citrus species Citrus reticulata, C. maxima and C. jambhiri grown at different altitude of Sikkim Himalaya were characterized. The oil yield was up to 2.4 % in mature fruits and 2.5 % in immature fruits at an altitude of > 1600 m in mandarin orange with significant variations concerning species and altitude. The various analysed oil parameters and their highest values in the study are refractive index (1.49), specific gravity (0.87), free fatty acid (7.83 %), acid value (8.37 %), saponification (163.37 mg KOH / g of oil), iodine value (116 g I2/100 g), peroxide value (36.33 meq O2/ kg), thiocyanogen (77.29 %), ester value (57.63 mg KOH/g), phenol (81.92 mg/g). These parameters also showed variations with altitude and the species. The C. reticulata grown at higher altitude (> 1600 m from MSL) was found to have better essential oils than C. maxima and C. jambhiri with some exceptions. The characteristics highly endorsed the use of these essential oils for food and cosmetic industries. The waste management with simultaneous production of valuable compound is the major perspective sought in the study.
众所周知，柑橘的果皮含有丰富的精油。不同种类的植物精油含量及其特性各不相同，气候因素起主要作用。精油，要适合于特定的商业用途，应该具备基本的特性。以锡金喜马拉雅地区不同海拔生长的柑橘(citrus reticulata, C. maxima, C. jambhiri)为研究对象，对其提取油进行了表征。在海拔100 ~ 1600 m处，柑桔成熟果实产油率达2.4%，未成熟果实产油率达2.5%，品种和海拔差异显著。所分析的各种油参数及其在研究中的最高值为折射率(1.49)、比重(0.87)、游离脂肪酸(7.83%)、酸值(8.37%)、皂化(163.37 mg KOH/g油)、碘值(116 g I2/100 g)、过氧化值(36.33 meq O2/ kg)、硫氰原(77.29%)、酯值(57.63 mg KOH/g)、苯酚(81.92 mg/g)。这些参数也随海拔和树种的变化而变化。生长在海拔较高(距MSL约1600 m)的网纹金缕草精油含量高于大黄金缕草和jambhiri金缕草，但也有例外。这些特性高度认可了这些精油在食品和化妆品行业的使用。同时生产有价化合物的废物处理是本研究寻求的主要方向。
{"title":"Characterization of essential oil from the peel of three citrus species grown in Sikkim Himalaya","authors":"A. Pradhan, L. Sharma, S. Bhutia, N. Sherpa","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.27","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit peel of citrus is known to be rich in essential oil. Essential oil content and its characteristics vary amongst the species and climatic factors play a major role. Essential oil, to be suitable for the specific commercial purpose should have basic characteristics. In the present study, extracted oil of selected three citrus species Citrus reticulata, C. maxima and C. jambhiri grown at different altitude of Sikkim Himalaya were characterized. The oil yield was up to 2.4 % in mature fruits and 2.5 % in immature fruits at an altitude of > 1600 m in mandarin orange with significant variations concerning species and altitude. The various analysed oil parameters and their highest values in the study are refractive index (1.49), specific gravity (0.87), free fatty acid (7.83 %), acid value (8.37 %), saponification (163.37 mg KOH / g of oil), iodine value (116 g I2/100 g), peroxide value (36.33 meq O2/ kg), thiocyanogen (77.29 %), ester value (57.63 mg KOH/g), phenol (81.92 mg/g). These parameters also showed variations with altitude and the species. The C. reticulata grown at higher altitude (> 1600 m from MSL) was found to have better essential oils than C. maxima and C. jambhiri with some exceptions. The characteristics highly endorsed the use of these essential oils for food and cosmetic industries. The waste management with simultaneous production of valuable compound is the major perspective sought in the study.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44836143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.18
Scott B. Lukas, J. Defrank, Orville C. Baldos, R. Qin
The Hawaii Statewide Noxious Invasive Pest Program (SNIPP) and associated storm water management plans provide statutory justification for increased use of native plants along the State of Hawaii transportation corridors. The demand for native plants exceeds the availability of plant materials or seed. To produce seed stock and ensure seed lot purity, establishment protocols for weed control must first be defined. Uhaloa (Waltheria indica), a native Hawaiian broadleaf shrub has been identified for increased roadside usage, thus will be the focus of this research. Weed control during the establishment phase of uhaloa is essential for optimising establishment success. In this study, the efficacy and phytotoxicity of the pre-emergence herbicides oxadiazon and indaziflam, applied over uhaloa transplants, were evaluated. Crop and weed response to granular oxadiazon at 2.24 kg ai ha-1 and 4.48 kg ai ha-1 and flowable indaziflam at 24 g ai ha-1 and 49 g ai ha-1 were determined. Unacceptable uhaloa injury with both rates of indaziflam was recorded. Oxadiazon provided excellent broad-spectrum weed control with acceptable injury to uhaloa.
夏威夷州范围内的有害入侵害虫计划（SNIPP）和相关的雨水管理计划为夏威夷州交通走廊沿线增加本土植物的使用提供了法定理由。对本土植物的需求超过了植物材料或种子的可用性。为了生产种子库存并确保种子批次的纯度，必须首先确定杂草控制的建立协议。Uhaloa（Waltheria indica）是一种夏威夷本土阔叶灌木，已被确定为路边使用量增加，因此将成为本研究的重点。乌哈洛阿建立阶段的杂草控制对于优化建立成功至关重要。在这项研究中，评估了羽化前除草剂恶二唑和吲唑福明在uhaloa移植中的药效和植物毒性。测定了作物和杂草对2.24 kg ai ha-1和4.48 kg ai ha-的颗粒恶二唑和24 g ai ha-1、49 g ai ha-可流动吲唑仑的反应。记录了不可接受的uhaloa损伤和吲唑仑的两种发生率。奥沙地松提供了极好的广谱杂草控制，对乌哈洛亚的伤害可接受。
{"title":"Weed control and response of transplanted uhaloa in the presence of two pre-emergence herbicides applied at the time of planting","authors":"Scott B. Lukas, J. Defrank, Orville C. Baldos, R. Qin","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.18","url":null,"abstract":"The Hawaii Statewide Noxious Invasive Pest Program (SNIPP) and associated storm water management plans provide statutory justification for increased use of native plants along the State of Hawaii transportation corridors. The demand for native plants exceeds the availability of plant materials or seed. To produce seed stock and ensure seed lot purity, establishment protocols for weed control must first be defined. Uhaloa (Waltheria indica), a native Hawaiian broadleaf shrub has been identified for increased roadside usage, thus will be the focus of this research. Weed control during the establishment phase of uhaloa is essential for optimising establishment success. In this study, the efficacy and phytotoxicity of the pre-emergence herbicides oxadiazon and indaziflam, applied over uhaloa transplants, were evaluated. Crop and weed response to granular oxadiazon at 2.24 kg ai ha-1 and 4.48 kg ai ha-1 and flowable indaziflam at 24 g ai ha-1 and 49 g ai ha-1 were determined. Unacceptable uhaloa injury with both rates of indaziflam was recorded. Oxadiazon provided excellent broad-spectrum weed control with acceptable injury to uhaloa.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41390960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.24
S. Mulyani, B. A. Harsojuwono
This study aims to determine the ratio of turmeric rhizome extract (TE) and tamarind leaf extract (TLE), which is suitable for the time of induction and the highest antioxidant synergism. The TE:TLE ratio examined was 10:1; 10:1.5 and 10:2. The chosen variable was the amount of peroxide. Observations carried out for 7 hours at one-hour intervals using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Relationship between the time and absorbance were depicted to show the induction time and synergism in antioxidants. The results showed that all TE and TLE ratios had antioxidants that inhibited lipid oxidation reactions at the stage of initiation and propagation. TE and TLE ratios 10:1, 10:1.5 and 10:2 had induction time, respectively 2.9577; 3.0206 and 3.1882 hours with FTC method, 3.6116; 3.706 and 3.8722 h with the TBA method. Synergism in antioxidants was 103.534; 106.924 and 110.705 % with the FTC method, and 102.9393; 109.522 and 115.969 % with TBA. The highest antioxidant synergism in both methods was shown by the ratio of TE:TLE = 10:2. Key word: Turmeric, tamarind leaves, induction time, synergism antioxidant
{"title":"Relationship of turmeric and tamarind leaf extract ratio with induction time and antioxidant activity synergism","authors":"S. Mulyani, B. A. Harsojuwono","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.24","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the ratio of turmeric rhizome extract (TE) and tamarind leaf extract (TLE), which is suitable for the time of induction and the highest antioxidant synergism. The TE:TLE ratio examined was 10:1; 10:1.5 and 10:2. The chosen variable was the amount of peroxide. Observations carried out for 7 hours at one-hour intervals using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Relationship between the time and absorbance were depicted to show the induction time and synergism in antioxidants. The results showed that all TE and TLE ratios had antioxidants that inhibited lipid oxidation reactions at the stage of initiation and propagation. TE and TLE ratios 10:1, 10:1.5 and 10:2 had induction time, respectively 2.9577; 3.0206 and 3.1882 hours with FTC method, 3.6116; 3.706 and 3.8722 h with the TBA method. Synergism in antioxidants was 103.534; 106.924 and 110.705 % with the FTC method, and 102.9393; 109.522 and 115.969 % with TBA. The highest antioxidant synergism in both methods was shown by the ratio of TE:TLE = 10:2. Key word: Turmeric, tamarind leaves, induction time, synergism antioxidant","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43205712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.26
T. Mester, G. Csakberenyi-Nagy, G. Turk, I. Lázár, T. Tóth
One of the concerns regarding aquaponic systems operating without conventional soil is the limited selection of plants available for cultivation. For a wider use of aquaponic systems increasing yields are inevitable. The aim of our research, started in 2017, was to eliminate the drawbacks of aquaponic systems using alternative solutions in order to remain in the framework of sustainable agriculture. In order to meet the above challenges, a hybrid, automated aquaponic system was installed in which the soil was not removed completely from the systems that are not completely closed as fish receive fresh water as well as keeping in this way hormones impeding growth at a low level. Crucians and African catfish were placed into two tanks of 7 m3. Further novelty of the system is the application of quail dung in a quantity determined specially for increasing the natural efficiency of the system. Three methods of cultivation were used and plant macroand micro-elements were measured. Results indicate that the system is suitable for growing different chilli types while quail dung input contributes to increase yield significantly therefore it can be integrated into aquaponic systems excellently.
{"title":"Development of a new hybrid aquaponic system for increasing chilli production efficiency","authors":"T. Mester, G. Csakberenyi-Nagy, G. Turk, I. Lázár, T. Tóth","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.26","url":null,"abstract":"One of the concerns regarding aquaponic systems operating without conventional soil is the limited selection of plants available for cultivation. For a wider use of aquaponic systems increasing yields are inevitable. The aim of our research, started in 2017, was to eliminate the drawbacks of aquaponic systems using alternative solutions in order to remain in the framework of sustainable agriculture. In order to meet the above challenges, a hybrid, automated aquaponic system was installed in which the soil was not removed completely from the systems that are not completely closed as fish receive fresh water as well as keeping in this way hormones impeding growth at a low level. Crucians and African catfish were placed into two tanks of 7 m3. Further novelty of the system is the application of quail dung in a quantity determined specially for increasing the natural efficiency of the system. Three methods of cultivation were used and plant macroand micro-elements were measured. Results indicate that the system is suitable for growing different chilli types while quail dung input contributes to increase yield significantly therefore it can be integrated into aquaponic systems excellently.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48772820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.25
A. Ndereyimana, S. Nyalala, Patrick Murerwa, S. Gaidashova
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is economically and nutritionally important in Rwanda, but its production is challenged by the tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta Meyrick), an invasive pest. Synthetic insecticides which are primarily used for its control, have various drawbacks. Bioactivity of Tephrosia vogelii, Tithonia diversifolia, Vernonia amygdalina and Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous extracts was evaluated against T. absoluta in laboratory. Leaflets with third instar larvae (3.85 5.65 mm) of T. absoluta in mines were collected from established tomato field. Aqueous plants extracts were evaluated at a dose of 10 % weight/volume. Sterile tap water and azadirachtin 0.03 % EC were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Petri-dishes of 9 cm diameter (n=10) were used as bioassay arenas in a completely randomized design with four replications. Data on larval mortality were collected every 24 h for 5 days. Three bioassays were conducted on different dates. Results indicated that tested plant extracts exhibited a capacity to kill T. absoluta larvae in tomato leaf galleries with significant difference among them (P <0.0001). The killing capacity increased with exposure time. At 24 h of exposure, T. absoluta larvae mortality was in a range of 35.0 37.5 % for azadirachtin and 5.0 10.0 % for T. vogelii while all other aqueous extracts had 0.0 % mortality, except V. amygdalina which recorded 2.5 % in bioassay one. In all bioassays, the lowest mortality recorded 5 days after treatments with T. vogelii, T. diversifolia, V. amygdalina, P. dodecandra and azadirachtin was 32.2, 2.8. 2.5, 20.5 and 97.5 % while the highest mortality at this time was 35.1, 10.6, 13.3, 24.9 and 100 %, respectively. Tephrosia vogelii and P. dodecandra, which recorded higher efficacy compared to the other local plants, should be advanced to field evaluation. The observed higher efficacy of azadirachtin to Rwandan population of T. absoluta should also be confirmed under field conditions.
{"title":"Bioactivity of plant extracts against tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)","authors":"A. Ndereyimana, S. Nyalala, Patrick Murerwa, S. Gaidashova","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.25","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is economically and nutritionally important in Rwanda, but its production is challenged by the tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta Meyrick), an invasive pest. Synthetic insecticides which are primarily used for its control, have various drawbacks. Bioactivity of Tephrosia vogelii, Tithonia diversifolia, Vernonia amygdalina and Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous extracts was evaluated against T. absoluta in laboratory. Leaflets with third instar larvae (3.85 5.65 mm) of T. absoluta in mines were collected from established tomato field. Aqueous plants extracts were evaluated at a dose of 10 % weight/volume. Sterile tap water and azadirachtin 0.03 % EC were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Petri-dishes of 9 cm diameter (n=10) were used as bioassay arenas in a completely randomized design with four replications. Data on larval mortality were collected every 24 h for 5 days. Three bioassays were conducted on different dates. Results indicated that tested plant extracts exhibited a capacity to kill T. absoluta larvae in tomato leaf galleries with significant difference among them (P <0.0001). The killing capacity increased with exposure time. At 24 h of exposure, T. absoluta larvae mortality was in a range of 35.0 37.5 % for azadirachtin and 5.0 10.0 % for T. vogelii while all other aqueous extracts had 0.0 % mortality, except V. amygdalina which recorded 2.5 % in bioassay one. In all bioassays, the lowest mortality recorded 5 days after treatments with T. vogelii, T. diversifolia, V. amygdalina, P. dodecandra and azadirachtin was 32.2, 2.8. 2.5, 20.5 and 97.5 % while the highest mortality at this time was 35.1, 10.6, 13.3, 24.9 and 100 %, respectively. Tephrosia vogelii and P. dodecandra, which recorded higher efficacy compared to the other local plants, should be advanced to field evaluation. The observed higher efficacy of azadirachtin to Rwandan population of T. absoluta should also be confirmed under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48647421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.16
O. Montes, R. Castro, C. Villanueva, M. Pérez, M. Uribe
Main objective of this paper is selection of tree and vegetable combination for success in new horticulture based alley cropping plantations. In alley cropping, fruit, legume and wood tree are integrated in several associations with annual vegetable, Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Citrus spp., Leucaena spp., Gliricidia sepium, Cajanus cajan, Populus spp., Eucalyptus, Hevea brasiliensis are the main tree used. Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae families and tuber crops are the main associated vegetable crops. This system can be adapted for specific farmers, regions, and countries for vegetable, fruit and wood requirements. The specific credits and subsidies can increase natural, economic, social capital of the world.
{"title":"Tree used in horticulture based alley cropping","authors":"O. Montes, R. Castro, C. Villanueva, M. Pérez, M. Uribe","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.16","url":null,"abstract":"Main objective of this paper is selection of tree and vegetable combination for success in new horticulture based alley cropping plantations. In alley cropping, fruit, legume and wood tree are integrated in several associations with annual vegetable, Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Citrus spp., Leucaena spp., Gliricidia sepium, Cajanus cajan, Populus spp., Eucalyptus, Hevea brasiliensis are the main tree used. Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae families and tuber crops are the main associated vegetable crops. This system can be adapted for specific farmers, regions, and countries for vegetable, fruit and wood requirements. The specific credits and subsidies can increase natural, economic, social capital of the world.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.19
P. Hou, K. Lin, Yen-Jung Huang, Chun-Wei Wu, Yu-Sen Chang
There are no reports on biostimulators being used to stimulate the rooting process of camellia (Camellia japonica) cuttings. The influences of vegetation indices and biostimulators on the rooting of shoot cuttings of the camellia ‘Nine Bends’ were determined using the reflectance spectroscopy. Six root growth parameters were recorded, 81 days after sticking cuttings. Different groups of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were used. Higher SPAD and NDVI values were found to be most effective in predicting rooting stages and percentages, whereas root number and length and dry weight could not be predicted. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 2000 ppm alone or combined with three concentrations of thiamine (TA), ascorbic acid (AA) and catechol (CAT) were applied to cuttings of camellia. The maximum root number and dry weight were recorded in TA (1000 mg L-1) alone and IBA+TA (800 mg L-1). However, IBA+AA (1000 mg L-1) treated cuttings showed the highest rooting stage, root number, root length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. Cuttings treated with IBA+CAT (50 or 100 mg L-1) produced greater root number, length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. The effects of biostimulators applied to tea stem cuttings for raising camellia plants in the nursery would offer insights into the mechanism of its action in plant conservation, and there is a need to improve propagation technology.
{"title":"Applications of vegetation indices and biostimulators to the rooting of camellia cuttings","authors":"P. Hou, K. Lin, Yen-Jung Huang, Chun-Wei Wu, Yu-Sen Chang","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.19","url":null,"abstract":"There are no reports on biostimulators being used to stimulate the rooting process of camellia (Camellia japonica) cuttings. The influences of vegetation indices and biostimulators on the rooting of shoot cuttings of the camellia ‘Nine Bends’ were determined using the reflectance spectroscopy. Six root growth parameters were recorded, 81 days after sticking cuttings. Different groups of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were used. Higher SPAD and NDVI values were found to be most effective in predicting rooting stages and percentages, whereas root number and length and dry weight could not be predicted. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 2000 ppm alone or combined with three concentrations of thiamine (TA), ascorbic acid (AA) and catechol (CAT) were applied to cuttings of camellia. The maximum root number and dry weight were recorded in TA (1000 mg L-1) alone and IBA+TA (800 mg L-1). However, IBA+AA (1000 mg L-1) treated cuttings showed the highest rooting stage, root number, root length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. Cuttings treated with IBA+CAT (50 or 100 mg L-1) produced greater root number, length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. The effects of biostimulators applied to tea stem cuttings for raising camellia plants in the nursery would offer insights into the mechanism of its action in plant conservation, and there is a need to improve propagation technology.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42193384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.03
T. G. Ponni, A. Nair
Ensete superbum from the family Musaceae is commonly known as Kallu vazha (wild/ rock/cliff banana). The species holds a precise position in the field of medicine for its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diuretic and spermicidal potential as well as ornamental value in botanical gardens. Due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, indiscriminate harvesting for commercial gain, absence of suckers, and recalcitrant nature of seeds; this species is facing a drastic reduction in its propagation. The present study developed a protocol for the production of cormlets from explants isolated from inflorescence. The explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 4mg L-1 BAP and 1.5 mg L-1 KIN and an average of six to ten cormlets were produced/ explants within eight weeks. Shoot induction occurred from the cormlets on MS medium with 3mg L-1 IBA and 1.5 mg L-1 BAP. Cormlets inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 1000 mg L-1 glutamine for a period of four weeks enhanced the size of cormlets which in turn increased the number of shoots. An average of ten multiple shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BAP. Maximum rooting was obtained on half strength MS medium with 3 mg L-1 IBA, 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 1% activated charcoal. The plantlets were transferred to Knop’s solution for acclimatization. Rooted plants were hardened successfully in cocopeat along with sand in 1:1 combination and transferred to soil with 98% survival rate.
{"title":"In vitro cormlet production- an efficient means for conservation in Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman","authors":"T. G. Ponni, A. Nair","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Ensete superbum from the family Musaceae is commonly known as Kallu vazha (wild/ rock/cliff banana). The species holds a precise position in the field of medicine for its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diuretic and spermicidal potential as well as ornamental value in botanical gardens. Due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, indiscriminate harvesting for commercial gain, absence of suckers, and recalcitrant nature of seeds; this species is facing a drastic reduction in its propagation. The present study developed a protocol for the production of cormlets from explants isolated from inflorescence. The explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 4mg L-1 BAP and 1.5 mg L-1 KIN and an average of six to ten cormlets were produced/ explants within eight weeks. Shoot induction occurred from the cormlets on MS medium with 3mg L-1 IBA and 1.5 mg L-1 BAP. Cormlets inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 1000 mg L-1 glutamine for a period of four weeks enhanced the size of cormlets which in turn increased the number of shoots. An average of ten multiple shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BAP. Maximum rooting was obtained on half strength MS medium with 3 mg L-1 IBA, 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 1% activated charcoal. The plantlets were transferred to Knop’s solution for acclimatization. Rooted plants were hardened successfully in cocopeat along with sand in 1:1 combination and transferred to soil with 98% survival rate.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44030835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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